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宾语从句
什么是宾语？
宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。
不同词类作宾语
She is playing the piano now.（名词作宾语）
We all like him. / She doesn't know me. （代词作宾语）

Give me four. （ 数词作宾语）
We all like to go to school. （不定式作宾语）
The boss hates workers’ complaining. （动名词作宾语 ）
I think he is right. （从句类作宾语）
Do you understand what I mean （从句类作宾语）
I asked whether there are any chemist's shops in this street. （从句类作宾语）
宾语从句概念
I know him. I know who he is .
主 谓 宾 主 谓 连词 从句主语 从句谓语
宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语，并有一个连接词引导。
试着找一找从句：
1. I know who he is .
2. Our success depends on how well we can cooperate with one another.
3. I’m worried（that）I’ve made a mistake.
宾语从句是在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。
三、宾语从句要素：语序、连接词和时态
①语序
1.Could you tell me where the post office is？
2 The old man asked me if I could show him the way .
3The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
总结：
宾语从句的语序：______ （疑问/陈述）
（ 即：_______ 在前，_______ 在后。）
练习：将下列句子改成陈述句语序
1.Is there a bank near here
2.Is it on Fifth Avenue
3.Are they doing homework
4.Does she work in a hospital
5.Did you go to Center Park
6.Can we wear hats in school
②连接词
----引导陈述句 that
1.that引导的宾语从句，可以用来引述别人的陈述、观点或想法。
例如：
（1）He said that he would come to the party.（他说他会来参加派对。）
（2）She believes that hard work leads to success.（她相信努力工作会带来成功。）
2.在口语和非正式的书面表达中，有时可以省略 "that"。
例如：
She told me (that) she was tired.（她告诉我她很累。）
3. 注意：当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that,其他不能省略。
　　 例如：I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better．
His teacher said (that) the book was very interesting and that it was worth reading.
----引导一般疑问句 if/whether
if/ whether “是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 表示疑问不确定意义的词之后；从句句意完整，不缺成分。
I wonder if/whether he wants to go swimming
I want to know if (whether) he will go to the park with us .
Ask him whether (if) he can come .
I wonder whether it is going to rain or not.
Could you tell me whether(if) Mr Li lives here .
只用whether的情况：
介词后面的宾语从句，用“whether”
Our success depends on whether we work on.
与“or not”连用时，用“whether”
I want to know whether he will arrive on time or not.
宾语前置时或者不定式（to do）之前，用“whether”
Whether it is true or not，I can’t tell.
They asked me whether to go skating.
练习：选择 if / whether。
1. I asked her __________ she had a bike. 2. We’re worried about ________ he is safe.
3. I wonder ___________ he is well. 4. I don’t know ________ or not he is well.
5. I don’t know _______ to go.
----引导特殊疑问句
what的具体用法：
解释：
"what" 引导的宾语从句用于引导一个问句，询问或描述某个事物或情况的性质、特征、原因等。常常作为主语或宾语出现。
示例：
1.Can you tell me what he said （你能告诉我他说了什么吗？）
2.I don't know what she wants for dinner.（我不知道她晚饭想吃什么。）
who的具体用法：
解释：
"who" 引导的宾语从句用于引导一个问句，询问或描述某个人物的身份、特征、行为等。常常作为主语或宾语出现。
示例：
1.Do you know who he is （你知道他是谁吗？）
2.I don't remember who told me that.（我不记得是谁告诉我的。）
3.She asked me who I was talking to on the phone.（她问我在电话里和谁说话。）
whose的具体用法：
解释：
"whose" 引导的宾语从句用于引导一个问句，询问或描述某个人或物的所有者或归属。
示例：
1.Do you know whose car is parked outside （你知道停在外面的车是谁的吗？）
2.I don't remember whose book I borrowed.（我不记得是谁的书我借了。）
3.She asked me whose bag was left on the table.（她问我桌子上留下的包是谁的。）
which的具体用法：
解释：
"which" 引导的宾语从句用于提问或描述某个事物的性质、特征、选择等。
示例：
1.Can you tell me which book you want to borrow （你能告诉我你想借哪本书吗？）
2.I don't remember which way we came from.（我不记得我们是从哪条路走过来的。）
3.She asked me which color I prefer.（她问我喜欢哪种颜色。）
whom的具体用法：
解释：
"whom" 引导的宾语从句用于引导一个问句，询问或描述某个人物作为动作的接受者或受益者。常常作为宾语出现。
示例：
1.Do you know whom he invited to the party （你知道他邀请了谁来参加派对吗？）
2.I don't remember whom she met yesterday.（我不记得她昨天见了谁。）
3.She asked me whom I was talking to.（她问我在和谁说话。）
　
when、why、where、how以及how的组合型疑问词的具体用法
解释：
when、why、where、how以及how的组合型疑问词引导的宾语从句用于询问时间，原因，地点，方式等。常常作为状语出现。
示例：
1.We don’t know (when )you usually go to school.
2.I want to know (where )he bought this cup.
3. Can you tell me (how)I get to the bus station.
4. Please explain (why )you were late for school.
③时态
1、主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
2、主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。客观真理除外
例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
He said (that) he missed us very much.
The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.
3、当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。
例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
Jim ( be ) a worker two years ago.
Jim ( be ) an English teacher now .
I hear (that) Jim ( cook ) dinner tomorrow .
Jim ( sing )a popular song now.
Jim ( be ) to the Great Wall twice .
Jim ( play ) basketball when his father came back.
练习：
1. The radio says it _______ cloudy tomorrow. (be)
2. The headmaster hopes everything ______ well.(go)
3. I hear they __________ (return) it already.
4. He said that they _________ members of the Party since 1948. (be)
5. Our teacher told us in class the sun _______ in the east. (rise)
四、补充
① 宾语从句的否定转移
当主句谓语动词是 think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,guess 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.
(1)．I don’t think he is right,__________
A.isn’t he B.is he C.do I D.don’t I
(2). He believes she is right, __________
A.doesn’t he B.does he C.is she D.isn’t she
②含宾语从句的复合句和简单句的互换
*主句的主语或宾语与从句的主语一致时，从句可变为“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构
如 I don’t know how I can make it better. →I don’t know how to make it better.
我不知道我怎样才能把它做得更好。
*当主句谓语是hope，agree，wish，decide，forget，plan等时，其后that引导的从句可变为不定式结构
如 He agrees that he could help me with my English.→He agrees to help me with my English.
他答应在英语上帮助我。
*当主句谓语是see，hear，watch等感官动词时，其后that引导的从句可变为“宾语＋动词原形／动词-ing形式”
如 Andy found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. →Andy found a wallet lying on the ground.安迪发现地上有一个钱包。
课后练习
基础篇
一、选择合适的词填空
1.I was really surprised at ______________I saw.(where/what)
2. They don't know ______________to go or wait.(if/whether)
3.She said ______________it wouldn't matter much.(that/if)
4. Do you know ______________else is going to be on duty today (who/whom)
5.Do you know ______________you are studying for (why/what)
二、单项选择
6.Can you tell me______________ you were born, Betty
A.who B.what C.when D.that
7.She didn't know __________ back soon.
A.whether he would be B.if would he be C.he will be D.that he will be
8.The girls ask if they __________some food and drink with them.
A.took B.take C.takes D.will take
9.She asked me if I knew___________
A.whose pen is it B.whose pen it was
C.whose pen it is D.whose pen was it
10.Linda said the moon ___________ around the earth.
A.travelled B.has travelled C.travells D.had travelled
11. I don’t understand___________ such a silly question in class yesterday.
A.why did John ask B.why John asked C.why is John asking D.why John asks
12.-Excuse me，can you tell me___________ -At about 8 o'clock.
A.what time the plane arrives in Beijing
B.what time the plane will arrive Beijing
C.what time the plane will reach Beijing
D.what time will the plane get to Beijing
13.-Do you know___________ ？ -For a month.
A.how long will she be away B.how long she will be away
C.how often will she go there D.how often she will go there
14.-Will Tony go skiing with us this Saturday
-Sorry, I don't know if he ___________But I know he___________ interest in sports.
A.will go; is B.goes; is C.goes;has no D.will go; has no
15.We should do___________ we can___________ those endangered animals.
A.that; to save B.which;save C.that;save D.what; to save
三、用所给单词的正确形式填空
16.Yesterday my teacher told us that the earth ___________round. (be)
17.He says that he ___________ill yesterday. (be)
18.We are sure that he___________ to school tomorrow. (go)
19.Do you know who___________ the first man to walk on the moon (be)
20.Could you tell me where ___________the post office (be)
提高篇
四、选择题
21.-Excuse me，Miss Chen，could you tell me___________
-It is short for the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road.
A.what the Belt and Road meant B.what does the Belt and Road mean
C.what theBelt and Road means D. what did the Belt and Road mean
22.-Excuse me，could you tell me___________ -In five minutes.
A.how soon will the film begin B.how soon the film will begin
C.how long the film has been on D.how long has the film been on
23.No one knows___________ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.
A.when B.whether C.where D.if
24.This morning my mother asked me___________.
A.why he is not here B.where Julia went last weekend
C.what time is it D.how did my brother do it
25.-Mr. Wang, can you tell me___________ -http://www.gsedu. will help you.
A. what I can do to help you
B.where can I get my score for this examination
C.why I need some help
D.where I can search（搜索）for the information about education in our province（省份）
五、按要求改写句子
26.How many people can you see in the picture Who knows （改为复合句）
Who knows _________ __________ ________ _________ _________ __________in the picture
27.Where did she park her car Do you know （改为复合句）
Do you know ___________ ___________ ___________her car
28.What does he often talk about Nancy wondered. （改为复合句）
Nancy wondered ___________ ___________often ___________about.
29.Who knocked at the door so loudly I don't know. （改为复合句）
I don't know ___________ ___________at the door so loudly.
30.Are you from America He asks me. （改为复合句）
He asks me ___________ ___________America.
31.I think this is a good idea. （改为否定句）
I ___________ ___________this ___________a good idea.
六、根据所给内容填空
32.我桌子上的钥匙不见了，不知谁拿走了。
The key on my desk is gone. I wonder___________ ___________ it away.
33．你能告诉我到海口机票要多少钱吗？
Could you tell me ___________ ___________it ___________to fly to Haikou
34.I’m so sorry that Iyou, but I do now. (not understand)
35.我叔叔记得我们何时搬到城镇来。
My uncle remembered ___________ ___________ ___________to the town.
36.我不知道他们是否能通过考试。
I don't know ___________ ___________ ___________pass the exam or not.

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