2025年沪教版中考英语二轮复习知识点清单(4)代词 讲义

资源下载
  1. 二一教育资源

2025年沪教版中考英语二轮复习知识点清单(4)代词 讲义

资源简介

(4)代词——中考英语知识清单
代词,是代替名词或一句话的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用,代词分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、关系代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词和相互代词等。而在中考中,人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词则作为重点考查内容。
一、人称代词
1. 人称代词的主格和宾格,其具体内容如下表:
人称 数 格 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
主格 I we you you he she it they
宾格 me us you you him her it them
2. 人称代词的用法
(1)人称代词的主格在句中充当主语。
例:She is a good student.
(2)人称代词的宾格在句中充当动词、介词的宾语或表语。
例:I don't know her.(作宾语)
His mother is waiting for him outside.(作宾语)
—Who is there —It's me!(作表语)
3. 人称代词的语序
几个人称代词并列充当主语时,它们的顺序是:
单数形式(二、三、一)
you, he/she and I
复数形式(一、二、三)
we, you and they
二、物主代词
1. 物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,列表如下:
人称 数 格 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
形容词性 my our your your his her its their
名词性 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs
2. 形容词性物主代词后面常接名词,一般不单独使用。
例:His parents are both office workers, my name is Jack.
3. 名词性物主代词后面不需要加名词,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。
例:My idea is quite different from hers.
4. 名词性物主代词可与of连用,表示部分概念或带有一定的感彩。
例:He is a friend of mine.(我的一个朋友)
三、反身代词
1. 反身代词的单复数形式如下表:
人称 数 反身代词
第一人称 单数 myself
复数 ourselves
第二人称 单数 yourself
复数 yourselves
第三人称 单数 himself
herself
itself
复数 themselves
2. 反身代词的用法
反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词在人称、性别、数上保持一致。
例:I hope you can enjoy yourselves at the party.(作宾语)
The children made model planes themselves.(作同位语)
3. 反身代词的常用词组
teach oneself 自学
learn by oneself 自学
enjoy oneself 过得愉快;玩得高兴
help oneself to 随便吃/用
come to oneself 苏醒
hurt oneself 受伤
by oneself 独自
四、不定代词
1. 常用不定代词有:some,something,somebody,someone,any,anything,anybody,anyone,no,nothing,nobody,no one,all,each,both,much,many,(a) little,(a) few,other(s),another,none,one,either,neither等。
2. 复合不定代词
somebody (某人) anybody (任何人) nobody (没有人) everybody (每人)
someone (某人) anyone (任何人) no one (没有人) everyone (每人)
something (某事) anything (任何事) nothing (没什么) everything (每件事)
例:Do you have anything special to tell me today
今天你有什么特别的事要告诉我吗?
Listen to me, boys and girls. I have something to tell you.
同学们,听我说,我有一些事管要告诉你们。
—Is there anything in the cup
一杯子里有东西吗?
—No, there is nothing.
—没有,什么也没有。
注意:
1. 当反意疑问句陈述部分的主语是指人的复合不定代词,如everybody,
nobody,anyone等时,其反意疑问部分的主语常用代词 they;当反意疑问句陈述部分的主语是指物的复合不定代词,如everything,anything,something,nothing 等时,其反意疑问部分的主语通常用代词it。
例:Everybody is here, aren't they
Everything is ready, isn't it
2. 当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something,everything,everyone等时,形容词或else必须放在这些词的后面。
例:Xiao Ming has something important to tell you.
小明有一些重要的事情要告诉你。
Can you find anyone else
你能找到其他人吗?
3. everyone 的意思等同于everybody,只能指人;every one既可指人也可指物,还可以和of短语连用。
例:I'd like everyone to be happy.
我希望人人都幸福。
I have kept every one of her letters.
我把她的每一封信都保存了下来。
五、指示代词
指示代词 this,that,these,those的用法
1. this/these
(1)近指
例:This is my pen.
这是我的钢笔。
These are my books.
这些是我的书。
(2)指下文要提到的事
Please remember this: No pain, no gain.
请记住:一分耕耘,一分收获。
2. that/those
(1)远指
例:That is her bike.
那是她的自行车。
Those are my sheep.
那些是我的绵羊。
(2)指前面刚刚提到过的事
例:He was ill. That was why he didn't go to school.
他病了。那就是他没有去上学的原因。
3. 打电话时用this介绍自己,用that询问对方。
This is Mike speaking.
例:我是迈克。
Who is that speaking
您是哪位?
that,those常用在比较句型中(as…as同级比较…than比较级)
例:The weather in Shenzhen is different from that in Beijing.
深圳的天气和北京的(天气)不同。
The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
中国的人口比日本的(人口)多
The apples in this shop are much cheaper than those in the shop.
这个商店的苹果比那个商店的(苹果)要便宜得多。
六、几组不定代词的区分:
1. one与it的区别
One代替同类事物中的一种,而it代替上文中出现的某事物。
例:This book is a good one.
May I borrow it
2. some与any的区别
some和any既可以修饰名词,可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词。
some常用在肯定句中,而any则常用在否定句和疑问句中。
some可以用在表示肯定的陈述句和祈使句以及反义疑问句中,肯定的陈述部分
中。
some和any的区别主要是考虑用在肯定句,疑问句还是否定句中,与名词的可数与否无关。
一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定、疑问句、条件句中;但在表建议的疑问句中,仍用some代any,常用于could/would/May 开头或what about/how about…的句中。
例:May I have some water
He asked me for some paper, but I didn't have any.
3. many与much的区别
Many+可数名词的复数Much+不可数名词都相当于a lot of+复数名词/不可数名注意:
a lot of 不能用于否定句中,否定句中用many/much。
4. a few/few/a little/little的区别
例:The story is easy to read.
There are new words in it.
Hurry up! There is time left.
5. each/every的区别
each表示两者或两者以上的人或物中的每一个,而every表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一个。
例:There are trees and flowers on side of the street.
Student has read a story
注意:
each 可以与of 连用,each of作主语时,谓语动词用单数。而every 不能与of连用,只能放在名词前作定语。
例:Each of us (study) hard.
6. no one与none的区别
no one表示没有人,不能与of连用。而none of+复数名词/代词,作主语时,谓语常用单数。
例:The boys were all tired, but none of them stopped to have a rest.
7. both/neither/either/all/none/any的区别
(1)both的否定词是neither,all的否定词是none。
(2)both of 作主语时谓语动词用复数。
(3)neither of作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
例:Neither of the answers (is) right.
Both of my parents (are) workers.
(4)both...and…连接两个主语时,谓语动词用复数。
同义词组:not only...but also…
反义词组:neither...nor...
例:Not only you but also she likes watching TV.
= Both you and she like watching TV.
(5)either...or…或者……或者……,neither...no...既不……也不……连接两个主语时,谓语动词实行就近原则。
例:Neither you nor he is (be) right.
One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park.
=Lily or Lucy is going to the park.
(6)either也可用于否定句中的“也”
(7)neither 也可表示“也不”句型:neither... sb. 某人也不……。
例:If you don't go there, neither do I(我也不去)
(8)how many/how much 的回答:用none回答。
Who的回答:用no one回答。
What 的回答:用nothing回答。
例:How many students are there in the classroom
8. other/the other/others/the others的区别:
(1)one...the other…表示两者之间的一个……另一个……
(2)some…others...表示一些……一些……
(3)another表示三者以上的不确定数目中的另一个,只能修饰可数名词的单数,但another+数字+复数名词=数字+more+复数名词表示“另外几个……”。
例:Would you like apple
I have two brothers, one is a teacher, and the other is a worker.
Some are cleaning the classroom, others are sweeping the window.
There are 20 teachers in our school. Eight of them are men teachers, and another twelve are women teachers.

展开更多......

收起↑

资源预览