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动名词（Gerund）和不定式（ Infinitive）讲义及练习
动名词和不定式在英语中都是动词的非谓语形式，它们在形式、语法、语义和用法上均有显著差异。以下是两者的具体用法与区别：
动名词的用法
作主语：动名词作主语时，通常表示一个抽象概念或习惯性、经常性的动作。由于动名词短语较长，为了使句子结构保持平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语（即动名词短语）放在句尾。例如：“Doing sport is good for us.”（做运动对我们有好处。）
作宾语：动名词可以作为及物动词或介词的宾语。例如：“I enjoy dancing in the rain.”（我喜欢在雨中跳舞。）“She is good at dancing.”（她擅长跳舞。）
作表语：动名词作表语时，说明主语的内容或性质。例如：“Her job is teaching English.”（她的工作是教英语。）
作定语：动名词作定语时，表示被修饰名词的用途或功能。例如：“I like the pink swimming cap.”（我喜欢粉色的游泳帽。）
作同位语：动名词有时可以作同位语，对其前面的名词或代词进行补充说明。例如：“She loves her job, teaching Chinese at school.”（她喜爱在学校教语文的工作。）
作补足语：在某些句子结构中，动名词可以用作补足语，对主语或宾语进行进一步的说明或描述。例如：“We call this activity brain-storming.”（我们把这个活动称为头脑风暴。）
作状语：虽然动名词主要作为名词性成分使用，但在某些特定语境下，它也可以表示时间、原因、条件等状语意义。然而，这种用法相对较少见。例如：“After finishing the job, he went straight to the bar.”（完成工作后，他径直走向了酒吧。）
不定式的用法
作主语：不定式可以作句子的主语，通常用于表示抽象概念或一般真理，但更多时候会用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语（即不定式短语）后置。例如：“To learn a new language is challenging.”（学习一门新语言是具有挑战性的。）
作宾语：不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语，表示动作的目的或意图。例如：“She wants to become a doctor.”（她想要成为一名医生。）
作定语：不定式可以修饰名词，起到定语的作用。例如：“This is the best book to read.”（这是你要读的最好的书。）
作表语：不定式可以作为系动词的表语，表示主语的特点、目的等。例如：“Her dream is to travel around the world.”（她的梦想是环游世界。）
作状语：不定式可以作状语，表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。例如：“She studies hard to get good grades.”（她努力学习为了取得好成绩。）
否定形式：不定式的否定形式为“not to + 动词原形”，或直接在不定式前加“not”。例如：“She decided not to go to the party.”（她决定不去参加派对。）
与情态动词连用：不定式可以与情态动词如can、could、may、might、must等连用。例如：“I can't wait to see you.”（我迫不及待想见到你。）
完成形式：不定式的完成形式为“to have + 过去分词”，表示在动词不定式所表示的动作之前已经发生的动作。例如：“She was happy to have finished her project.”（她已经完成了她的项目，感到很高兴。）
动名词与不定式的区别
语义内容：动名词表达的是状态、性质、心境、抽象、经常性、已发生的动作或概念；而不定式表达的是目的、结果、原因、具体、一次性、将发生的动作或意图。
作主语时的差异：动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作或习惯性动作；而不定式作主语则更多表示具体动作或一次性的动作。
与动词的搭配：动名词常用于某些及物动词或介词后作宾语；而不定式则常用于表示目的的动词后作宾语。
作定语时的位置：动名词可以前后置修饰名词；而不定式常后置修饰名词。
综上所述，动名词和不定式在英语中具有不同的语法功能和语义内容。掌握它们的用法和区别有助于更准确地理解和运用英语。
Gerund and Infinitive Test
Fill in the blanks with the correct verb form
1.She forgot the lights before leaving.（turn off）
2.The teacher encouraged us in the competition.（participate）
3.I can’t help when I watch that movie.（cry）
4.The teacher reminded us our homework before the deadline.（submit）
5.He denied the vase, but everyone knew the truth.（break）
6.We need harder if we want to achieve our goals.（try）
7.The kids appear tired after playing all day.（feel）
8.I remember to that park when I was a child.（go)
9.They hope a new house by the end of the year.(buy)
10.You seem in a hurry today.(be)
11.She can’t imagine in a small town after living in the city.(live)
12.He risked his keys by leaving them on the table.(lose)
13.He dislikes early on weekends.(wake up)
14.I’m learning Spanish this summer.(speak)
15.She warned him against too much money.(spend)
16.I enjoy novels in my free time. (read)
17.She decided to a new city for her job. (move)
18.He stopped a year ago and feels much healthier now. (smoke)
19.We’re planning to Italy this summer. (travel)
20.They avoid about politics during family gatherings. (talk)
21.I promised him with his homework after dinner. (help)
22.It’s difficult a new language, but it’s worth it. (learn)
23.She doesn’t mind overtime to finish her tasks. (work)
24.He pretended asleep when his mom came in. (be)
25.Would you like us for dinner (join)
26.I can’t stand in long lines at the airport. (wait)
27.After hours studying, I finally understood the topic. (spend)
28.He kept unnecessary things. (buy)
29.She refused that she made a mistake. (admit)
30.I regret her my secret — it was a mistake. (tell)
31.Lily is considering to another city for her job. (move)
32.He agreed us at the restaurant at 7 pm. (meet)
33.My boss suggested a new strategy for the project. (try)
34.She’s looking forward to her new job next month. (start)
35.He managed the computer all by himself. (fix)
Keys:
Fill in the blanks with the correct verb form
1.to turn off2.to participate3.crying4.to submit5.breaking
6.to try7.to feel8.going9.to buy10.to be
11.living12.losing13.waking up14.to speak15.Spending
16.reading17.to move18.smoking19.to travel
20.talking21.to help22.to learn23.working24.to be25.to join
26.waiting27.spending28.buying29.to admit30.telling
31.moving32.to meet33.trying34.starting35.to fix

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