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七年级上学期英语阅读文章结构、标题类题型专项练习
文章结构题
考查文章结构题是辽宁省2024年的新中考题型。这个主要是考查文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的发展层次。这类考题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结构层次。在中考题中,这是一种较为新颖的考查方式。
文章结构题的设题方式有:
a.What is the right order of the steps in doing ......
b.Which of the following pictures shows the structure of the passage
c.In the next part, the author would most probably talk about......
d.How is the text organized
答题技巧：
首先，要学会识别文章体裁。不同体裁有不同的常见结构，比如：
- 记叙文：通常按时间顺序（chronological order）或事件发展顺序来写，可能包括开头的背景介绍（setting）、中间的情节发展（plot development）和结尾的事件结果（conclusion）。- 说明文：常采用总分（general - specific）、分总（specific - general）或者总分总（general - specific - general）的结构。一般先提出说明对象或观点，接着从不同方面进行说明，如事物的特征、功能、原理等，最后可能会总结观点或给出建议。
- 议论文：基本结构是提出论点（thesis statement）、提供论据（arguments）并进行论证，最后得出结论（conclusion）。论证过程
可以是对比、举例、引用等多种方式。
其次，关注文章的连接词和过渡词。例如：
表示顺序的：first、second、third、next、then、finally等，这些词体现了文章的步骤或者层次。
表示因果的：because、so、therefore、as a result等，它们能帮助你理解前后内容的逻辑关系。
表示对比和转折的：but、however、while、on the other hand等，这可以让你明确文章是在比较不同观点或者事物。
另外，要注意文章的开头和结尾。开头往往会引出主题或提出主要观点，结尾可能是总结全文、升华主题或者给出解决方案等。可以通过阅读开头和结尾句快速把握文章的主旨和整体结构框架。
文章的组织形式：
a. 总分式结构
总 分；
分 总
总 分 总
b. 并列式结构
段落之间是平行关系，且相对独立
c. 对照式结构
结构形式上是一正一反
主旨大意题
主旨大意题主要是对文章段落或全文进行归纳、概况或评价。
主题型：
The passage mainly about_____
What is the main idea of this passage
What is the topic/subject of the passa：ge
答题技巧
开门见山式：主题句在段首，先提出观点、主题，再用细节来解释、论证或发散叙述。
藏头露尾式：主题句在段尾，先阐述细节，然后归纳要点，得出结论，最后概况主题。
首尾呼应式：为了突出主题，文章开头会提出观点，再进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点名主题，进一步深化主题。
藏龙卧虎式：没有明确的主题句，主题句隐含在全文中.要根据细节来分析、概况、推导出主题。明确各段的内容以及段落间的逻辑关系，寻找共同点，归纳形成主题
标题型：
Which is the best title of this passage
The best title of this passage is_____
答题技巧
根据主题句提炼标题：把各段的主题句的中心思想集中起来，即为文章的主题。
根据高频词提炼标题：注意文中反复出现或关键词的信息，找出覆盖全文的核心词汇，并验证选项内容是否切中文中中心论题。
排除干扰项陷阱：
以偏概全，片面地把文中某一观点当成整篇文章的主题；
过于笼统，放大或缩小文章主题；
无中生有，看似有道理，却与文章无关。
实操练习
（一）
Do you use social media(社交媒体) to communicate with people every day Do you often share news on social media Do you think it is good or bad
The greatest advantage(优点 ) is that we can connect with people more easily, We are still able to keep in touch with our friends if they are far away, Also, it makes it easier for us to make friends,especially(尤其) for those who are afraid of making friends face to face, What's more, it is a great way to share our news with others, We're celebrating(庆祝) the birth of a new baby, or we've just passed an exam, lt could also be a picture of ourselves that we really like.
Social media, on the other hand, will have a bad influence(多响) if we don't use it properly. For example, it can make us less confident(自信的) sometimes, One reason is that people around us put colourful and wonderful pictures online in order to show off(炫耀) their best moments, Online sharing is not always safe either, Your news can be seen not only by your friends or family, but also by some strangers.
Nobel Prize winner Malala Yousafzai says, “ What is interesting is the power and influence of social media, We must try to use social media in a good way, " After all, you decide how you use this powerful tool.
（ ）1. Which of the following is NOT the advantage of social media
A. We can keep in touch with friends when they are not near.
B. It is easier for shy people to make new friends.
C.It can make us less confident sometimes.
D, It is a good way to share news with others.
（ ）2. Why does the writer quote(引用)Malala Yousafzai's words in Paragraph 4
To make the article more interesting. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To show his idea more strongly. D. To give an example.
（ ）3. How is the text organized
（ ）4. What can best describe the writer's opinion(观点) on social media
A. We should use social media more often.
B, lt is not safe to share news on social media.
C social media is a powerful and useful tool.
D, We should use social media in a good way.
（二）
At 8,844. 43 metres high, Mount Qomolangma is the tallest mountain on the Earth. While it is famous for its beautiful views, parts of the mountain are facing a problem: rubbish. Every year,thousands of visitors throw away much rubbish, such as bottles and paper.
According to the UN, over 140 tons of rubbish has been left on the mountain until last year, To reduce rubbish, China limits(限制) the number of people to climb up the north side of the mountain.Only 300 people can climb it.
Local people cleaned the mountain last year, taking away rubbish at a height of 5 ,200 metres. They collected about 8.4 metric tons(公吨) of rubbish.
This year, the local government plans to spend 4 million yuan on a new clean-up activity. The local government is also setting up stations to sort(分类), recycle and break down rubbish collected from the mountain.
A group of artists will also try to turn the rubbish into art works. They will show these works of art to remind(提醒) people not to leave rubbish when climbing the mountain.
（ ）5.What problem are parts of Mount Qomolangma facing
A. Air pollution. B.Rubbish. C. Noise. D. Water pollution.
（ ）6.What does China do to reduce rubbish on the mountain
A.China spends much money turning rubbish into art works.
B. China opens up the north side of the mountain for visitors.
C. China limits the number of people to climb up the mountain.
D. China asks visitors to take away rubbish as much as possible.
（ ）7. Why will some artists try to turn the rubbish into art works
A. Because the rubbish collected from the mountain is very special.
B. Because they want to make great works of art by using the rubbish.
C. Because many people want to buy the works made of rubbish as gifts.
D. Because they will use the works to remind people not to leave rubbish.
（ ）8.How is the text organized
（三）
Animal behaviour is an interesting and attractive study. Scientists research ( 硏究)the ways animals use to look for food. They study how animals protect themselves from their predators, and which animals kill other animals for food. All of these help us understand how useful animals can be.
Each country or culture raises(饲养) some animals for food. In the United States, people mainly eat meat from cows, chickens and pigs. In other countries, people might raise sheep or buffalo(水牛)for meat. These differences come in part from weather and other environmental
conditions. People around the world eat all kinds of fish and shellfish from oceans and rivers. In some countries, people don't always choose some animal groups, such as dogs, for food while in other countries, such animals may become people's favourite food.
In West Africa, animals provide humans with more than food. They have been helping people daily work for thousands of years. Horses, oxen, and other work animals pull heavy things. Elephants, camels and other animals carry people and things from place to place, Pigeons(鸽子) have been used to send messages.
People also receive health benefits(好处) from animals. For example, dogs and cats can help calm people down. This is helpful for people fighting illnesses. Animals can also help people reduce stress(减少压力) and help people pay their attention to learning new information.When people are walking their dogs or horses, it can encourage people to exercise.
Animals and humans share space on the Earth, so we should keep a healthy relationship with animals around us.
（ ）9. The underlined word“predators”in Paragraph l means____.
A.neighbors B. friends C. children D. enemies
（ ）10. What can we know about the animals according to the text
A. Horses are helpful for people fighting illnesses.
B. People all over the world eat all kinds of fish.
C. Elephants encourage humans to do more exercise.
D. Africans eat meat from cows, chickens and pigs.
（ ）11. Which of the animals can help people send messages
A. Horses. B. Fish. C.Pigeons. D.Sheep
（ ）12 .How is the text organized
（四）
I'm Daniel. My mum loves music, She always asks me to have piano classes, but I don't like it,I like sports, I often play baseball with my friends after school, But my mum doesn't like it.
One day, I went to the first piano class, It was very hard for me. After that, l said to my mother, “My hands are not good at playing the piano. They are good at playing baseball. "
A girl saw my problem. Her name is Amy. She said to me, “I can teach you to play the piano ifyou teach me to play baseball, ” l said OK.
Now Amy and I are good friends. l can play Beethoven's music very well. And Amy can playbaseball well. Playing baseball is interesting for me, and it's enjoyable for me to play the piano too. Idon't know which I love better now.
（ ）13. Why does Daniel have piano lessons
Because he loves music.
B. Because he doesn't like sports.
Because his mother loves music.
D. Because he doesn't love his mother.
（ ）14. What can we learn about Amy
She can't play Beethoven's music.
She teaches Daniel to play the piano.
She isn't good at playing the piano.
She knows how to play baseball at first.
（ ）15.Which of the following shows the right structure of the text (①=Paragraph 1，②=Paragraph 2,...
① B. ① C. ① ② ③ D. ①
② ③ ②
② ③ ④ ④ ④ ③ ④
（ ）16. What's the best title for the text
A. Baseball or Piano C. Mum's Help
B. My Good Friend D. Piano Classes
（五）
Celebrating the New Year happens in every country, But each country has its own way to celebrate the New Year.
The Chinese people celebrate the New Year twice(两次). One is on 1 January, and the other is in January or February, People have many
activities to celebrate the New Year, like watching lion dances or having a family dinner.
People in Thailand(泰国)celebrate it by pouring(泼) water on friends and visitors. They think this will bring much rain in the next growing season, Their New Year is usually in April or May, It isvery hot at that time of a year in Thailand.
In Switzerland(瑞士), people often go skiing to celebrate the New Year. They sing in the ice and snow world. In parts of Switzerland, people celebrate it by dressing up(装扮) to walk from farmhouse to farmhouse, They jump up and down to make the cow bells ring(铃声啊). They hope this will sweep away the bad luck of the old year.
People all over the world have a great time on New Year's Day, They often say “Happy New Year" to each other.
（ ）17. People in Thailand pour water on friends and visitors to___.
A. keep them cool B. have a lot of fun
C.sweep away bad luck D. hope for much rain
（ ）18. How do people in Switzerland celebrate the New Year
A. They make a beautiful farmhouse.
B. They dress up as all kinds of animals.
C. They sing in the world of ice and snow.
D. They often pour water on friends and visitors.
（ ）19.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
(①=Paragraphl，②=Paragraph 2,...)
（ ）20. The passage is mainly about
A. different festivals in the world
C. ways to celebrate different festivals
B, New Year traditions in different countries
D, things to do on Chinese New Year's Day
（六）
Do you know students’ life in the US Do the students in the US have a little homework Are their teachers very nice Do they work hard at school After I go to school in the US, I know the answers. Let me tell you the students' life in the US.
Get up at 6 :00 a. m, and then go to school by bus at seven o'clock.
Class starts at 8:00 a. m, The students in the US have many classes every day like maths,geography, history, IT and so on.
There is a little homework after school. But after doing that, they should do many other things.Students have a lot of after-school activities, such as swimming, golf and art. In China, many students do after-school activities from Monday to Friday, But American students do them for two hours a day on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.
Students in the US might have more time to do their things, but
they are hard workers too.
（ ）21.When do American students go to school
A. At 6:00 a.m. C. At 8:00 a. m.
B. At 7:00 a. m. D.At 9:00 a. m.
（ ）22.According to the passage, what are the after-school activities for American students
①Art ②Basketball ③Swimming ④Golf ⑤Music
①②③ B. ①③④ C. ②③⑤ D.③④⑤
（ ）23.How many hours do American students do after-school activities a week
A. Two hours. B. Four hours. C. Six hours. D. Eight hours.
（ ）24.What is the structure of the passage (①=Paragraph l,②=Paragraph2,...)
A.①-②③④-⑤ B.①-②-③④⑤ C.①-②③④⑤ D.①②-③④⑤
（七）
①Hi, l am Betty. I am choosing birthday presents for my family and my best friend.
②My mother likes going to the cinema, l usually buy her a concert ticket or a movie magazine as a present for her birthday, My father likes chocolate so l always buy him some, I also like to buy him a CD because he likes music.
③My mother's parents don't like going to the cinema and they
don't like chocolate too. They never like watching sports but they like reading. I often buy them an interesting book.
④Tomorrow is my friend's birthday. She doesn't like shopping or expensive clothes and she also doesn't like going to the cinema. She likes concerts, So, I choose a concert ticket for her birthday.
（ ）25. Which of the following is RIGHT
A. Betty's mother likes chocolate and music, B, Betty's father likes watching movies.C. Betty's grandparents like reading.D. Betty's friend likes shopping.
（ ）26.What do you think of Betty from the passage
14B. Friendly.C. Different.
A. Funny.
D. Healthy.
（ ）27.What's the best title of this passage A. Birthday presents
B. My family and my best friendD. I love my family
C.Choosing presents
（ ）28.What's the structure of this passage (①=Paragraph l,②=Paragraph2，...)
（八）
①Hello, I'm Bob. I'm 12 years old, I am at school now, I want to say
something about myself.
②Playing volleyball is my hobby. I like it very much, l always play volleyball with my friends after school. lt's relaxing for me. I have five volleyballs, They are under my desk. And I like to watch volleyball games on TV.
③I like some food, I have eggs, milk and some fruit for breakfast, For lunch, I have hamburgers and some salad. For dinner, I like chicken and some vegetables, I don't eat ice cream. lt's not healthy. My favourite food is fruit and vegetables, I think they are good for our health.
④I'm healthy because I like to play sports and eat healthy food, What about you Can you tell me about your hobby and eating habits
（ ）29. The underlined word “hobby” in Paragraph 2 means “” in Chinese______________.
A.作业 B.愿望 C.目标 D.爱好.
（ ）30.Bob may have______for dinner.
chicken and carrots B. eggs and some milk
bread and vegetables D. chicken and salad
（ ）31.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to
Vegetables. B. Hamburgers and salad.
Vegetables and fruit. D.Hamburgers.
（ ）32.Which of the following is the structure of the text (①
=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph2，...)
（九）
I'm Cindy, I'm a sports nutritionist(营养师), I ask my sports players to eat right food to keep healthy.
This is Eric, He is a basketball player. Basketball players must eat a lot of food, In the morning,I ask Eric to eat eggs, ham(火腿)and potato cakes(土豆饼), For lunch, he eats bread, chicken,vegetables and fruit salad, In the evening, Eric has bread, vegetable salad and milk. After that, he always watches sports games on TV and eats a banana, He says it's relaxing.
This is Sally, She's a ping pong player. Ping pong players are different from basketball players,They don't need to eat much, l ask Sally to have milk, bread and fruit in the morning. For lunch, she has rice, chicken and vegetables, In the evening, Sally only eats eggs and vegetable salad, She says she doesn't want to be fat.
I want Eric and Sally to eat well every day and have good eating habits, When they have questions about food, they can ask me for help too.
（ ）33.Cindy helps some sports players__________.
A. buy food B. eat well C. be stars D. like sports
（ ）34.What do we know about Eric
A. He is a volleyball player.
B. He has vegetable salad for lunch.
C.He must eat a lot of food every day.
D.He always plays sports after dinner.
（ ）35. What does Sally have for dinner
A. Milk and fruit. B. Eggs and vegetable salad.
C. Rice and chicken. D. Bread and fruit salad.
（ ）36.构)Which is the structure of the passage (①=Paragraphl,②=Paragraph2......)
（十）
①Do you like to eat hamburgers but not milk, fruit or vegetables Are they healthy Well,you need to think about these eating habits.
②For breakfast, you need to eat an egg and have some milk, They can help you think well in class in the morning. Also, you can eat apples, bananas, oranges and other fruits in the morning, People say that it's good to eat fruit in the morning, Some parents want their children to eat more fruit, too.
③For lunch, it isn't enough (足修的) to eat only vegetables and rice, because the time in the afternoon is very long. Food with meat is good, So it is a good time to have chicken noodles for lunch, It gives you
much energy (能量) when you do some sports.
④For dinner, it's not good to eat much, Some people like to eat only some vegetable salad,because they don't want to be fat, You cannot sleep well if you eat too late at night, So do noteat after 8 :00 p.m.
（ ）37. When is a good time to eat fruit according to the passage
A. In the morning. B. In the evening.
C. In the afternoon. D. At night.
（ ）38. Which of the following is TRUE
A. It is enough to eat only vegetables and rice for lunch
B. An egg and some milk in the morning can help you think well.
C.Vegetables give you much energy when you do sports.
D. It is good to eat much for dinner at night.
（ ）39.What would be the best structure(结构) of this passage
（ ）40.Where is the passage most probably from
A. A travel magazine. B. A sports magazine.
C. A science report. D. A health magazine.
参考答案：
1-4 CCBD 5-8 BCDA 9-12 DBCC 13-16 CBBA
17-20 DCAB 21-24 BBCA 25-28 CBAA 29-32DACB
33-36 BCBA 37-40 ABCD

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