Unit 2 Keeping Healthy 课时知识点总结 2024-2025学年仁爱科普版英语八年级上册

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Unit 2 Keeping Healthy 课时知识点总结 2024-2025学年仁爱科普版英语八年级上册

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U2T1SA
1 询问别人身体或精神状况
What’s wrong/the matter with you
你怎么啦?
答语: I have+ 疾病/身体问题。
我得了……
建议:You should/shouldn’t……
你应该/不该……
What’s wrong with you
你怎么啦?
I have a bad cold.
我得了重感冒。
You should go to see a doctor.
你应该去看医生。
What’s wrong with her 她怎么啦? She has a cold. 她感冒啦。
2 You don’t look well. 你看上去气色不太好。
look为系动词,后跟形容词作表语。 系表结构
look happy/well/tired
看上去开心/很好/疲惫
类似的系动词有smell闻起来,sound听起来,feel摸起来,taste尝起来,turn/get/become变成,keep保持,feel感到,后都可以加形容词构成系表结构等。
e.g. The dish smelled good(sweet).
那道菜闻起来很香。
I feel terrible.
我感到难受。
3 I’m sorry to hear that. You should see a dentist.
听到这个我深表难过。你应该去看牙医。
I’m sorry +动词不定式,或I’m sorry+ that从句,表示“为……而感到抱歉/难过”。
e.g. I’m sorry to be late.
对不起,我迟到了。
I’m sorry (that) you are ill.
你生病了,我很难过。
should是情态动词,后面加动词原形,表示有责任和义务,意为“应该”,常用于向别人提建议或告诫别人。否定句型为You shouldn’t+动词原形。
e.g. You should get up early every day.
你应该每天早起。
You shouldn’t watch TV too much.
你不应该看太多电视。
4 plenty of +不可数名词/可数名词复数
许多的,大量的……
类似词组:a lot of
e.g. I have plenty of (a lot of) books here.
我这儿有许多书。
He has plenty of paper.
他有很多纸。
注意:plenty of前面没有冠词a,切不可误记。
5 at night 在夜里, in the evening 在晚上
6 lift 含义广泛。
a. v. 举起,抬起。e.g. lift the box
举起那个箱子
b. v. 消散。e.g. The clouds will lift soon.
云很快就会散去。
c. n. 电梯。e.g. get out of the lift
从电梯里出来
U2T1SB
1 You have better stay in bed and have a good sleep.
你最好呆在床上好好休息。
had better do sth 最好做某事
这是一个表建议的句式,否定式:
had better not do sth.
我们还学过
should /shouldn’t
应该/不该
2 lie down 躺下 (lie过去式lay)
3 How long have you been like this?
你像这样多久啦?
一般用于询问某人处于某种状况之下的时间长短,尤指医生询问患者。意为“你这样多久了?”
How long…… …….多久?(问持续的时间长度)
e.g. How long did you stay at home
你在家里待了多长时间?
How often…… 多经常?(问频率)
e.g. —How often do you go to see your grandpa
你多久去看望你的祖父一次?
—Twice a week. 一个星期两次。
4 Shall I take you to the hospital 要不要我带你到医院呢?
Shall I…… 要不要我…… /我应该…..吗? (表示征求意见)
brush one’s teeth 刷牙
e.g. I brush my teeth twice a day.
我一天刷两次牙。
on the Internet 上网/在网上, on以/通过……的方式。
e.g. on TV/the radio 通过电视/收音机
take care of (= look after)
照顾,照看,保管,后接名词或代词作宾语。
e.g. Would you please take care of my pet dog when I am out
我外出时请你帮我照看我的宠物狗好吗?
take good care of
好好照顾,好好照看。
e.g. Mary is sick. Take good care of her.
玛丽病了。好好照顾她。
8 day and night: 日日夜夜
U2T1SC
1 take sth/ sb to +某地 把某物/人带到某地。
I take you to the hospital. 我把你带到了医院。
return to sp(某地). 返回某地。相当于:
go/ come back to sp.
e.g. Kangkang returned to Beijing yesterday.
昨天康康返回北京了。
3 nothing serious 没什么严重的
something, anything, nothing等不定代词,被形容词修饰时,形容词位于其后作后置定语。
e.g. something interesting 有趣的事
4 check over 检查正误,检查身体
e.g. Can you check over my homework
你能检查我的家庭作业吗?
check over是动词和副词构成的短语,代词作宾语时只能放其中间。
e.g. They are checking her over and she is fine.
他们为她做了体检,结果她很健康。
5 服药通常用take,也可以用have。pill药丸,药片;medicine指内服药,尤指水剂:
take/have pills;
take/have medicine
服药
6 three times a day
一天三次,对这一类表示频率的词组提问用how often。
e.g. I wash my face twice a day.我一天洗两次脸。
How often do you wash your face 你多久洗一次脸?
7 数字+pills each time, 数字+times a day. 每次…片,一天…次
Two pills each, there times a day. 每次两片,一天三片。
8 worry about (over)+接名词、代词、动名词
为……担心
e.g. Don’t worry about such things.
别为这种事担心。
类似短语有be (feel, become, get) worried about 为……担心,此短语中的worried是形容词。
e.g. Don’t be worried about your son.=Don’t worry about your son.
不要为你的儿子担心。
9 follow v. 跟从,跟随。
follow one’s advice=take one’s advice.
接受某人的建议。
e.g. It’s very kind of you. I’ll follow/take your advice.
你真是太好了。我会接受你的建议。
10 still 仍然,依然(副词)
We live in different cities, but we are still good friends.
我们居住在不同的城市,但是我们仍然是好朋友。
U2T1SD
sick, ill 生病的,有病的。
sick 作定语后可以加名词,ill不能做定语,后不能加名词。
The man is sick/ill. He has to stay in bed.
那个人生病啦,他不得不躺在床上。
He is a sick man 他是一个有病的人。(不能用ill, ill后不加名词)
He is ill. 他生病了。
e.g. Jane is taking care of her sick mother.
简正在照顾她生病的母亲。(sick此句中作定语,不可用ill。)
Her wife was ill/sick in bed with a cold.
他的妻子因患感冒而卧床。(sick在此句中作表语)
2 both A and B… A和B都…… Both you and I are from China。
你和我都来自中国。
We both……我们两个都…… We are both from China. 我们两个都来自中国。
3 not…until 直到…才
I don’t get up until 7 o’clock. 我直到七点才起床。
I can’t swim until 11 years old. 我直到11岁才会游泳。
U2T2SA
1 health n. 健康 (不可数名词)
eg: Good health is very important for us.
healthy adj. 健康的
eg: Healthy bodies are very important for us.
2 tonight n. 今晚,今夜
eg: Tonight is the best time to see the movie. 今晚是看那部电影的最好时间。
adv. 今晚,今夜
eg: They are going to perform tonight. 今晚他们将要去表演。
3 sleepy adj. 想睡的,困倦的
eg: He feels sleepy. sleep v. 睡觉
eg:Are you sleeping, Little John
What caused it 意为“怎么了?”
常用于口语中,相当于What’s happening /What’s the matter /What’s wrong /What’s the trouble
stay up 熬夜,不睡觉。
同义短语为sit up。
e.g.We stayed up until midnight to see the New Year coming.
我们熬夜等待新年的到来。
6 Staying up late is bad for your health, 熬夜对你的健康有害。
staying up late是分词短语作主语,当动词作主语时,用动名词或动词不定式,谓语动词用第三人称单数。
e.g. Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.
看太多电视对你的眼睛有害。
Washing hands before meals is good for our health.
饭前洗手对我们的健康有益。
7 be good/bad for...
对……有益/害
e.g. Milk is good for you.
牛奶对你有好处。
8 meal n. 一餐(饭)
eg: We usually have three meals every day. 我们通常一天吃三餐
9 fingernail n. 指甲
eg:Everyone has fingernails. 每个人都有指甲。
Keeping fingernails clean is good for our health.
保持指甲干净有利于我们的健康。
9 without prep. 没有
eg: 1. We can’t go to the city without ships. 没有船我们去不了那个城市。
2. The boy begins his meals without washing his hands.
那个男孩没有洗手就开始吃饭啦。
3. We can’t live without water. 没有水我们不能生存。
10 without prep.意为“没有,缺乏”,后面跟名词、代词、动名词。反义词是with(伴随着,和)。
e.g. I like coffee without sugar.
我喜欢不加糖的咖啡。
I like coffee with sugar.
我喜欢加糖的咖啡。
U2T2SB
1 You must not read in the sun. 你一定不能在阳光下看书。
in the sun在阳光下。注意:此处介词应用in,而不能用under。
The article says smoking is bad for our lungs.
这篇文章说吸烟对我们的肺部有还。
Say: 说, 讲;表明,宣称(书上说什么内容,路边的交通标志显示什么内容,都可以用这个词)
4 What fun! 多么有趣啊! What a shame/pity! 太可惜啦!
How terrible! 太恐怖啦!
5 give up 放弃,当后面接动词作宾语时,应用v. -ing形式。
give up doing sth.=stop doing sth. 放弃/停止做某事
e.g. You should give up smoking.=You should stop smoking.
你应该戒烟。
give up 属于动词和副词构成的短语,接代词作宾语时,应将代词放在动词和副词之间,即give up 中间。(名词在两边,代词在中间)
e.g. Give it up. 放弃它。
我们学过的类似结构短语很多。
e.g. pick up; try on put away
捡起,拾起 试一试; 收好;
wake up 唤醒
6 show v. 出示,显示。常用结构有
show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.
(某人在后,前加to,某物在后,没有加to)
给某人看某物;=把某物给某人看。
两者可以相互转换。
I show my new bike to you.= I show you my new bike.
我给你看看我的新自行车。
e.g. Your sweater is so beautiful. Would you please show it to me
你的毛衣这么漂亮,给我看一下好吗?
=Would you please show me your sweater 把你的毛衣给我看一下好吗?
此外,show还可以用于
show sb. Around 带某人参观某地。
e.g. I’ll show you around our school tomorrow.
明天我会带你参观我们学校。
7 energy n. 能量 ,能源,不可数名词。
eg: They save a lot of energy every year. 他们每年节约很多能源。
8 necessary adj. 必要的
eg: It’s necessary to learn English well. 学好英语是必要的。
9 enough ① adj. 足够的,既可以放在名词之前,
也可以放在名词之后。
eg:Do you have enough money /money enough 你有足够的钱吗?
There are enough people / people enough to do the work.
有足够的人来做这个工作。
②adv. 足够地 ,放在形容词或副词之后。
eg:It’s good enough, I think. 我想它足够好。
If you get up early enough, you will catch the bus.
如果你起得足够早,你将能赶上公交车的。
10 walking散步,为动名词作主语。
与walk相关的短语有go for a walk,
take (have) a walk(去)散步。
e.g. You should go out for a walk after supper.
晚饭后你应该出去散步。
be necessary for ...
对于……来说是必不可少的
e.g. Sunshine is necessary for our life.
阳光对于我们的生活来说是必不可少的。
keep... active
意为“保持活力”。结构“keep + 宾语 +补足语”中宾语补足语可以是现在分词,形容词,副词或介词。
e.g. I’m sorry to keep you waiting for such a long time.
很抱歉让您久等了。
Keep the door open, please.
就让门开着吧。
You’d better keep the child away from the fire.
你最好让孩子离火远一点儿。
Once a cold kept him in bed for three days.
有一次,感冒使他在床上躺了三天。
during the day
在一天中,相当于in the daytime在白天。
during prep.
意为“在……期间”。
e.g. during the holidays
在假期里
U2T2SC
1 itself 它本身
2 show v.意为“显示,出示,表明”等。此处引导从句“...
show that+从句”意为“……表明……”。
e.g. Your X-ray shows that there is nothing serious with your arms.
X光片表明你胳膊没有什么问题。
3 might是may的过去式形式。may/might表示“可能,也许”,表示“可能”的意思,也可以用can换用。注意might在这种用法中,并不是表过去,只是语气比较委婉或是可能性更小些。
e.g. He might come soon.
他也许马上就会来的。
She might be doing her homework now.
她也许正在做作业吧。
enough sleep充足的睡眠
enough adj.意为“足够的,充分的”。在句中作定语,可放在名词前。
e.g. I have enough time to do it.
我有足够的时间去做那件事。
enough adv.意为“足够地,充分地”,习惯放在被修饰的形容词或副词后面。
e.g. This bed is big enough for him.
这张床对他来说够大了。
常用句型:adj.(adv.)+enough+for sb.+to+v.
e.g. This book is easy enough for 6-year-old children to read.
这本书很容易,6岁孩子能看懂。
enough n.意为“足够”。
e.g. I had enough. Thank you.
我吃饱了。谢谢。
on an empty stomach 空腹
spit in public 随地吐痰。
U2T2SD
as we know 众所周知
fruit 水果 不可数名词 vegetables 蔬菜 可数名词,
make sb/sth + adj 使某人/物……
Milk makes me strong. 牛奶使我强壮。
4 It’s + adj + (for sb ) to do sth.
做某事对某人来说是……
It’s happy for me to play basketball.
打篮球对我来说很开心。
It’s excited for him to swim.
游泳对他来说很激动人心。
It’s sad for me to leave home.
离开家对我来说很沮丧。
5 Important words 重要的词汇
a. than 比······
例:Michael is taller than I am.
b. less 是little的比较级,意思是“更少的”。
例:Traveling by train costs less money than by air.
c. choose 选择,挑选
例:You can choose any of the books.
d. all kinds of 各种各样的
例:There are all kinds of fruit in this shop.
U2T3SA
1 as we know 众所周知
2 含有must的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答不能用mustn’t,而用needn’t或don’t have to。用第二种回答方式时,有人称和数的变化。
e.g. —Must we go there at six
我们必须六点去那里吗?
—Yes, you must.
是的,必须六点。
—No, you needn’t/don’t have to.
不,你不必。
—Must he come here
他必须来这儿吗?
—Yes, he must.
是的,他必须来。
—No, he needn’t./doesn’t have to.
不,他不必来。
3 ahead adv.意为“在前面(头)”,而
go ahead则表示“开始做,着手干”:
—May I start now
我现在可以开始了吗?
—Yes, go ahead.
可以,开始吧。
e.g. Go ahead,please.
请开始吧。
Go ahead and tell us.
请告诉我们吧。
spread v.传开,蔓延开
e.g. The disease spreads all over the country.
那种病在全国蔓延开来。
5 among 在…之中(三者以上)
e.g. She is among my best friends.
她是我最要好的朋友之一。
Between 在……之中
He sits between Mary and John. 他坐在玛丽和约翰之间。
She sits between you and I. 她坐在你我之间。
prevent v.防止,预防
e.g. Could you give us some advice on preventing the flu
你能为我们预防流感提些建议吗?
prevent sb./sth.(from) doing sth.阻止某人/某物做某事,from可以省略。
e.g. Lucy’s parents tried to prevent her (from) playing computer games.
露西的父母试图阻止她玩电脑游戏。
7 all the time 一直
e.g. She kept crying all the time.
她一直在哭。
U2T3SB
1 ring …up = phone = call 打电话给……
Kangkang is ringing her up. 康康正在给她打电话.
patient a:病人 b:耐心的
May/Could I speak to ..., please
请让……接电话好吗?/…在吗?
如果要找的人不在,答语常说:
I’m afraid/sorry he isn’t in right now.
抱歉他现在不在。
电话用语
Could/May/Can I speak to + sb 某人在吗?
I’d like to speak to + sb. 我找某人。
Is that+ sb + speaking 你是某人吗?
I’m afraid sb is busy right now 恐怕某人现在忙。
Sorry, sb isn’t in now. 现在某人不在。
I’m afraid sb is not here right now. 恐怕某人现在不在。
This is sb speaking. 我是某人。
Who is that speaking 你是谁?
Just a moment./Hold on, please. 请稍等。
Can I leave a message 我能留口信吗?
Can I take a message 我能捎口信吗?
a. examine v.检查,审查,相当于check over, examine a patient=check over a patient。
b. patient n.病人;adj.耐心的。
e.g. Please look after the patient well.
请照顾好这个病人。
My English teacher is very patient.
我的英语老师非常有耐心。
leave a message留口信
leave a message for... 给……留口信
e.g. If you can’t find me, you can leave a message for me on my desk.
如果你找不到我,你可以在我桌子上给我留个口信。
give sb. a message = take a message for sb. 给某人捎口信
e.g. Can you give Dr. Li a message = Can you take a message for Dr. Li
你能给李医生捎个口信吗?
tell sb.(not) to do sth.
要某人(别)做某事
e.g. The teacher tells us to clean our classroom.
老师要我们打扫教室。
Mother told Wang Ping not to play football on the street.
妈妈叫王平不要在街上踢足球。
类似的结构还有:ask sb.(not) to do sth.叫/请求某人(不)做某事;order sb.(not) to do sth. 命令某人(不)做某事。
use v.用,use sth. 使用某物。
e.g. Can I use your phone
我可以用一下你的电话吗?
call sb. Back
给某人回电话
e.g. Ask Mary to call me back, John.
约翰,让玛丽给我回个电话。
call sb.=ring sb. Up
给某人打电话
e.g. call Tom=ring Tom up
给汤姆打电话
Section C
1 myself, yourself...是反身代词,表示某人自身,可以在句中作宾语、表语、同位语。
e.g. Don’t hurt yourself.
别伤着你自己。(宾语)
You are not quite yourself today.
今天你好像精神不太好。(表语
They themselves do it.
他们亲自做此事。(同位语)
反身代词在实际运用中有许多固定词组。
e.g. by oneself(亲自),for oneself(为了自己),help oneself to(随便吃),make oneself(别拘束)等。
happiness n.愉快,幸福
e.g. She believes she can find true happiness.
她相信自己会找到真正的幸福。
happy adj.高兴的,快乐的;
其反义词是unhappy或sad adj.不高兴的,伤心的
3 avoid sth/ avoid doing sth. 防止做某事。
Do you know how to avoid having the flu 你知道如何预防流感吗
cause v.引起,使发生
e.g. Smoking may cause cancer.
吸烟可能会引起癌症。
n.原因,起因
e.g. What was the cause of the accident
那场事故的原因是什么?
You should say no to smoking and drinking. 你应该对吸烟和喝酒说不。
Say no to 对……说不
Say hello/goodbye to 向…打招呼/道别。
Say yes to 同意……
learn v. 学习,学会
e.g.Maria’s 65-year-old grandfather is still learning Chinese.
玛丽亚65岁高龄的爷爷依然在学汉语。
learn to do sth.
学(会)干某事
e.g.We students should learn to manage our own things.
我们学生应当学会处理自己的事务。
learn from sb./sth.
向某人/某事学习
learn sth. from sb./sth.
从某人/某事上学到某事
Lily does housework at home. We should learn from her.
莉莉在家做家务。我们应该向她学习。
6 oneself 指代物主代词
Enjoy oneself 过得很愉快 by oneself 通过某人自己
help oneself to 随便吃点…… Teach oneself 自学
hurt oneself 伤着某人自己
we—our—ourselves 人称代词主格---宾格----反身代词
she—her—herself
he—him—himself
you—your—yourself

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