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　读后续写微技能六——对话或独白衔接
1.“Let’s see who gets there first!”Rachel shouted,as she pedaled fast and zoomed past Jenny.
“让我们看看谁先到达那里!”雷切尔一边叫着,一边飞快地蹬着车从珍妮身边冲过去。
2.The car abruptly stopped in front of him.“Get into the car!”Paul shouted at Mac.
汽车突然停在他面前。“上车!”保罗对麦克喊道。
3.“I am not the best singer and I have to...”Devin hesitated with his eyes fixed on the floor.
“我不是最好的歌手,我必须……”德文犹豫了一下,眼睛盯着地板。
4.“The same to you,”she added,her voice soft.
“你也一样,”她补充说,声音很柔和。
5.“I cannot...afford the jacket,sir.”Staring into my eyes,the principal suddenly grinned,“I have good news for you.”
“我……买不起外套,先生。”校长盯着我的眼睛,突然咧嘴一笑,“我有好消息告诉你。”
The next day we remembered the brand-new tent we had brought with us.“1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.”
Mom suddenly said,with a firm tone.
“2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.”
With all our objections in vain,we finally stopped on the front doorstep of a house with a big backyard.To our surprise,3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
David and I had a great time trying all the camping equipment and Mom was chatting happily with the kind family.Though we didn’t have the tools for cooking since Mom is so forgetful,we still had a good meal as there truly was someone who was as nice as Mom was.
第二天,我们想起了我们带来的崭新的帐篷。“我们不会再住旅馆了。”妈妈突然语气坚定地说,“不然我们的帐篷就没有用了。”我们的反对都白费了,最后我们停在了一栋带大后院的房子的门前台阶上。令我们惊讶的是,这是一次比我们想象的要好得多的经历。大卫和我玩得很开心,尝试了所有的露营设备,妈妈和这个友好的家庭愉快地聊天。虽然我们没有做饭的工具,因为妈妈太健忘了,但我们还是吃了一顿好饭,因为真的有人像妈妈一样好。
Period Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas——通文本
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Step Ⅰ　Read for the main idea
(Ⅰ)Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1　A.The launch of the Challenger rekindled people’s interest in the space programme.
Para.2　B.The explosion of the Challenger from a student’s eye.
Para.3　C.The description of Armstrong’s landing on the Moon.
Para.4　D.The space accident cast a shadow on people’s hearts.
Para.5　E.The astronauts’ heroic deeds inspire us to continue the space exploration.
Para.6　F.The space shuttle programme went on with the launch of Discovery.
(Ⅱ)What’s the main idea of the passage
A.Men’s first landing on the Moon.
B.The tragedy of the Challenger.
C.A brave teacher.
D.Men’s first space exploration.
Step Ⅱ　Read the lines
(Ⅰ)Read Paragraph 1 carefully and do the following exercises.
1.How did people feel when they were watching Neil Armstrong’s landing on the Moon
A.They were satisfied.
B.They were nervous.
C.They were thrilled.
D.They were disappointed.
2.What do Armstrong’s famous words “That’s one small step for man,one giant leap for mankind” mean
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(Ⅱ)Read Paragraph 2 carefully and do the following exercises.
1.When was the Challenger space shuttle sent into space
A.On 20th July 1969.
B.On 28th July 1986.
C.On 29th September 1988.
D.On 28th January 1986.
2.Why did so many people tune in to witness the take-off of the Challenger
A.The government spent a large amount of money on the programme.
B.It would land on the Moon again.
C.A teacher would give her lessons from orbit.
D.It was guided by the most advanced computer.
3.What does the word “demonstrate” in the second paragraph mean
A.Discuss. B.Show.
C.Operate. D.Prove.
(Ⅲ)Read Paragraphs 3 and 4 carefully and do the following exercises.
1.What was people’s attitude towards space programme before the Challenger disaster
A.Arduous. B.Fairly safe.
C.Hazardous. D.Rather dangerous.
2.By saying “We didn’t have much patience waiting for the launch.”,the student meant that 　　　　.
A.they were afraid something would happen
B.they were patient when watching the take-off
C.they were eager to watch the take-off
D.they didn’t expect the shuttle would explode
(Ⅳ)Read Paragraph 5 carefully and do the following exercises.
1.What’s the influence of the Challenger’s failure
A.Space shuttle flights were suspended for several years.
B.Many scientists were involved to investigate the disaster.
C.People lost confidence in space shuttle.
D.Many people were sent to rescue survivors.
2.What’s the landmark event of the restart of the space shuttle programme
A.Yang Liwei set foot on the Moon.
B.The successful launch of Discovery.
C.Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon.
D.The great rocket was replaced by the space shuttle.
(Ⅴ)Read Paragraph 6 carefully and do the following exercises.
1.What’s the meaning of the word “they” in the first sentence of the last paragraph
A.The crew of Challenger.
B.The crowd of Discovery.
C.Gagarin,Tereshkova,Armstrong and Yang Liwei.
D.The millions of people that witness the launch of Mission.
2.The Challenger’s sacrifice reminds us that 　　　　.
A.man will live on the stars
B.space exploration is too far away from us
C.the lives of astronauts are too important
D.man will continue to explore space
Step Ⅲ　Read between the lines
(Ⅰ)Read the passage carefully and do the following exercises.
1.What can be inferred from McAuliffe’s space failure according to Paragraph 3
A.People no longer dare to try space flight.
B.Space flight has certain risks.
C.People prefer to travel by air.
D.No more civilians will go into space.
2.What’s the purpose of the author by listing some famous astronauts in the last paragraph
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.What’s the author’s purpose in writing the article
A.To inform us how the Challenger exploded after it took off.
B.To warn us not to concentrate on space any more.
C.To call on us to continue to explore the space however difficult it will be.
D.To tell us the world had lost its wonder when the Challenger was sent into space.
(Ⅱ)Read the passage carefully again and fill in the blanks.
Step Ⅳ　Read beyond the lines
1.How do you understand the title “The Call of the Challenger” (Critical thinking)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Would you like to go into space Give your reasons.(Creative thinking)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Step Ⅴ　Sentence-learning
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets,their hearts in their mouths,aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was,and of the many things that could go wrong.
[句式分析]　该句是主从复合句。句中Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets为主句;their hearts in their mouths为独立主格结构作伴随状语;形容词短语aware of...在句中作状语;第三个and连接两个并列的宾语;that引导定语从句,修饰先行词the many things。
尝试翻译:　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by today’s average school students,all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth.
[句式分析]　该句是主从复合句。句中Guided by a computer为过去分词短语作状语;that引导定语从句,修饰先行词a computer;used by today’s average school students为过去分词短语作定语。
尝试翻译:　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us,reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars,no matter how distant they might seem.
[句式分析]　该句为主从复合句。The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us为主句;reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars作伴随状语;no matter how distant they might seem作让步状语,no matter how可以用however来替换。
尝试翻译:　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Step Ⅵ　Post-reading
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969. With his now famous words “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”, 1.　　　　　　 had once been considered impossible had now been achieved.2.　　　　　　 (follow) the Moon landings, space travel 3.　　　　　　 (rapid) became unexceptional to the public,as innovations succeeded each other.When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986,the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the 4.　　　　　　 (amaze) achievements of the astronauts involved.Tragically, 5.　　　　　　 shuttle exploded just over a minute after taking off in Florida, and all seven astronauts 6.　　　　　　 board were killed.Following the shock of the Challenger disaster, space shuttle flights 7.　　　　　　 (suspend) for nearly three years.It has now been over 30 years since the loss of Challenger.The memory of those seven will live forever, 8.　　　　　　 (write) in the stars,inspiring us
9.　　　　　　 (join) them in humanity’s greatest journey of 10.　　　　　 (explore) and discovery.
Unit 6　Space and beyond
写精彩片段
1.We’re not going to stay in hotels anymore　2.Or our tent would be of no use　3.it was a much better experience than we had imagined
Period Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas——通文本
研读·教材原文
Step Ⅰ　(Ⅰ)Para.1 C　Para.2 A　Para.3 D　Para.4 B
Para.5 F　Para.6 E
(Ⅱ)B
Step Ⅱ　(Ⅰ)1.B
2.The lunar landing has a great impact on space exploration.
(Ⅱ)1.D　2.C　3.B
(Ⅲ)1.B　2.C
(Ⅳ)1.A　2.B
(Ⅴ)1.A　2.D
Step Ⅲ　(Ⅰ)1.B
2.To tell us although the crew of Challenger lost their lives,they still played important roles in space exploration just like those famous astronauts listed in this paragraph.
3.C
(Ⅱ)1.set foot on　2.become accustomed to　3.took off
4.lost its wonder　5.exploded　6.being killed　7.disastrous
8.cast a shadow on　9.suspended　10.sacrifice
Step Ⅳ
1.The disaster of the Challenger on 28 January 1986 cast a shadow on people’s hearts.Dangerous as it is,people never stop the pace of space exploration,and 29 September 1988 witnessed the successful launch of Discovery.The heroic deeds of the astronauts inspire us to go on with the exploration.
2.Yes, because I will have a whole new experience that most people don’t have.I can also experience the high-tech by myself as well as the beautiful sight in the universe.
Step Ⅴ
1.数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月,为此激动得心都提到了嗓子眼,因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危险的任务,许多地方都可能出错。
2. 执行“阿波罗11”号任务的三位宇航员在一台计算机的指导下都安全返回地球,这台计算机远不如当今普通学校的学生使用的计算机功能强大。
3.“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们,不管星空看起来多么遥不可及,我们都要持之以恒地去探索。
Step Ⅵ　1.what　2.Following　3.rapidly　4.amazing　5.the
6.on　7.were suspended　8.written　9.to join 10.explorationPeriod Ⅱ　Starting out & Understanding ideas——析考点
Ⅰ.写作单词——记其形
1.　　　　　　 n.坏影响,阴影
2.　　　　　　 v.(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫
3.　　　　　　 n.(飞机上的)全体机组人员
Ⅱ.阅读单词——知其意
1.notion n. 　　　　　　　
2.shuttle n. 　　　　　　　
3.excursion n. 　　　　　　　
4.rekindle v. 　　　　　　　
5.lifelike adj. 　　　　　　　
Ⅲ.拓展单词——通其变
1.hazard n.危险,冒险的事
　　　　　　 adj.危险的,不安全的
2.exception n.例外;例外的事物
　　　　　　 adj.例外的;特别的
　　　　　　 adj.平常的
3.tragedy n.悲剧
　　　　　　 adj.悲剧的,悲惨的
　　　　　　 adv.悲惨地,不幸地
4.instantaneous adj.瞬间的,即时的
　　　　　　 adv.瞬间地
5.suspend v.暂停,中止;推迟;悬,挂,吊;使停职
　　　　　　 n.暂停;暂缓,延期;停职
Ⅳ.必备短语——英汉译
1.　　　　　　　　 踏上
2.　　　　　　　　 习惯于(做)某事
3.　　　　　　　　 (飞机)起飞;脱掉(衣服);
突然大受欢迎;突然成功
4.　　　　　　　　 收听,收看
5.　　　　　　　　 给……蒙上阴影
6.　　　　　　　　 步入;进入
7.one’s heart in one’s mouth 　　　　　　　
8.reach for 　　　　　　　
9.take one’s place 　　　　　　　
10.call to sb 　　　　　　　
Ⅴ.常用句型——会仿写
1.句型公式:独立主格结构
[原句]　Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets,their hearts in their mouths,aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was,and of the many things that could go wrong.
数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月,为此激动得心都提到了嗓子眼,因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危险的任务,许多地方都可能出错。
仿写:那个男孩意识到自己犯了个错误,羞愧得满脸通红。
The boy realized he had made a mistake,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(心理描写)
2.句型公式:seem to have done sth
[原句]　When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986,the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.
当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日发射时,对于相关宇航员所获得的令人惊叹的成就,全世界似乎已经失去了新鲜感。
仿写:近年来,对于许多年轻人来说,经常外出就餐似乎已经变得很普遍,但这并非没有成本。
While regularly eating out 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
in recent years,it’s not without a cost.
3.句型公式:It is/has been+时间段+since...
[原句]　 It has now been over 30 years since the loss of Challenger...
“挑战者”号失事已经30多年了……
仿写:它们不再是满是灰尘、堆满书的小房间已经很多年了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　they were dusty little rooms with books.
4.句型公式:“no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句
[原句]　The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us,reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars,no matter how distant they might seem.
“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们,不管星空看起来多么遥不可及,我们都要持之以恒地去探索。
仿写:无论我们相距多么遥远,我的思念总在你的身边。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 apart we are,
my thoughts always find their way back to you.
1.scream v.(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫 n.尖叫声
[佳句背诵]　 She jumped up, screaming in terror,and wrapped her arms around me tightly.(动作描写)　她跳了起来, 惊恐地尖叫着, 用胳膊紧紧地抱住了我。
(1)scream at sb for sth　因某事对某人大叫
scream at sb to do sth 大声喊叫某人去做某事
scream with/in+表示情绪的词(excitement/terror/...)兴奋地/惊恐地/……尖叫
(2)let out a scream 发出尖叫声
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/完成句子
The little girl let out 　　　　　　scream as she fell off the swing.
The police screamed at the driver 　　　　　 (stop) immediately.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, the innocent girl unwrapped her delicate gift box.(情绪描写)
这个天真的女孩兴奋地叫着,打开了精致的礼品盒。
2.suspend v.暂停,中止;推迟;悬,挂,吊;使停职(或停学等)
·suspension n.暂停,中止;停职
[佳句背诵]　 It was very uncomfortable lying on the hospital bed with my legs suspended in the air.
我躺在医院的病床上,腿悬吊在半空,难受极了。
be suspended from school/the job 被停学/停职
suspend judgement 暂不作出判断
be suspended by 被……悬挂
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/完成句子
Dave was suspended 　　　　　　school for a week because he violated the school discipline too many times.
I think her 　　　　　　(suspend) from the team was a very harsh punishment.
The builders worked on wooden platforms,suspended 　　　　　　ropes from the roof of the building.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　for the safety checks are carried out.
由于在进行安全检查,生产已暂停。
3.set foot on踏上
[佳句背诵]　 Nearly three years on,as I once again set foot on the African continent,I am struck by its robust growth and strong vitality.
时隔近3年,再次踏上非洲大陆,我深切感受到非洲大陆的蓬勃发展、欣欣向荣。
set foot in　　　　　　　 进入
on foot 步行
on one’s feet 站立着;恢复健康
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/完成句子
From the moment you set foot 　　　　　　this house you’ve been murmuring—what’s wrong
Though he was badly wounded,he struggled 　　　　　　his feet and went on running.
Diseases come on horseback and go away 　　　　　　foot.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I was deeply impressed with its scenery.
我一踏上这片神奇的土地,它的景色就给我留下了深刻的印象。
4.become accustomed to习惯于(做)某事
[佳句背诵]　 Accustomed to playing computer games,a great many teenagers are wasting their precious time.
习惯了玩电脑游戏的许多青少年正在浪费他们宝贵的时间。
(1)accustomed adj.习惯于;通常的;惯常的
be/get/become accustomed to (doing)sth=be/get used to (doing)sth
习惯于(做)某事
(2)accustom v. 使习惯于
accustom oneself/sb to (doing)sth 使某人习惯于(做)某事
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/句式升级
She was a person 　　　　　　(accustom) to eight hours’ sleep a night.
They are accustomed to not 　　　　　　(talk) at meals.
I am accustomed to living/accustom myself to living in the countryside,and I always find it hard to live in the city.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I always find it hard to live in the city.(过去分词短语作状语)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I always find it hard
to live in the city.(现在分词短语作状语)
5.cast a shadow on/over给……蒙上阴影
[佳句背诵]　 The sun shone through the leaves,casting shadows on the lawn.(环境描写)
阳光穿过树叶,在草坪上投下阴影。
cast light on　　　　 使……清楚;使……了解
cast doubt on 质疑;引起对……的怀疑
cast a look/glance at sb 朝某人看/瞥了一眼
[活学巧用]　完成句子
An unhappy childhood would 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　one’s whole life.
不快乐的童年会给一个人的一生蒙上阴影。
Does this information 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
the problem 　这一信息会澄清这个问题吗
The incident 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
her motives and reliability.
这件事使人怀疑她的动机和可靠性。
The doctor 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
the unconscious patient and began to provide first aid.(动作描写)　医生快速地瞥了一眼那个昏迷的病人, 然后开始急救。
6.call to呼唤;给……打电话
[佳句背诵]　 Clara had watched the scene, and called to the child to come to her.
克拉拉已经看到了这一幕,她叫孩子到她身边来。
call at　　　　 拜访(某地)
call on 拜访(某人)
call for 要求;需要
call in 召集;召来
call off 取消
call up 打电话给;使回忆起;征召入伍
call on sb to do sth 号召某人做某事
[活学巧用]　完成句子/语段填空
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, but Jack pretended not to hear.
他向杰克喊,叫他放弃他的计划,但杰克假装没听见。
The children in the village often 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and enjoyed themselves
by listening to her stories.
村子里的孩子们经常拜访她家,听她讲故事,玩得很开心。
The other day I 　　　　　　　　　　Mr Davis,whose manufacturer 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
a consultant.He was not in his office.When I 　　　　　　　　　　he told me that he would be back soon because the meeting was 　　　　　　　　　　.He had planned to 　　　　　　　　　　　　to come up with ways to increase production at the meeting.
前几天,我去拜访Mr Davis,他的制造厂需要一名顾问。他不在办公室。我打电话给他时他说很快就回来,因为会议被取消了。他原本打算在会议上号召工人们提出提高产量的方法。
　.Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets,their hearts in their mouths,aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was,and of the many things that could go wrong.
数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月,为此激动得心都提到了嗓子眼,因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危险的任务,许多地方都可能出错。
句型公式|独立主格结构
句中their hearts in their mouths为独立主格结构,在句中作状语。
独立主格结构的构成:名词或代词+非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语,其中名词或代词为“独立主格结构”的逻辑主语。
[佳句背诵]　He lay at full length upon his stomach,his head resting upon his left forearm.
他的脊背朝天,四肢伸展,头枕着左臂,直挺挺地趴伏着。
[活学巧用]　 单句语法填空/完成句子
Tears 　　　　　　(well)up in her eyes,Tracy ran out of the flat.(情绪描写)
Her work 　　　　　　(do),the chairwoman sat down for a cup of tea.
The tropical storm 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(be)
over,a great many houses were destroyed.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, we couldn’t go on with our work.
灯熄了,我们不能继续工作。
He stood rooted to the ground,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
(神态描写)
他大张着嘴巴,一动不动地站在那儿。
Period Ⅱ　Starting out & Understanding ideas——析考点
夯实·语言基础
Ⅰ.1.shadow　2.scream　3.crew
Ⅱ.1.概念;观点;看法　2.航天飞机　3.(有特定目的的)短途出行　4.重新激起,重新唤起　5.(图画、模型等)生动的,逼真的
Ⅲ.1.hazardous　2.exceptional;unexceptional　3.tragical;
tragically　4.instantaneously　5.suspension
Ⅳ.1.set foot on　2.become accustomed to　3.take off　4.tune in　5.cast a shadow on　6.step into　7.提心吊胆;某人的心提到嗓子眼　8.接近;向……靠近　9.得到应有的社会地位,名副其实　10.呼唤/打电话给某人
Ⅴ.1.his face red with shame　2.seems to have become common for many young people　3.It’s been years since　4.No matter how far
精析·核心要点
重要词汇
1.①a　②to stop　③Screaming with/in excitement
2.①from　②suspension　③by　④Production has been suspended
3.①in　②to　③on　④As soon as I set foot on the magic land
4.①accustomed　②talking　③Accustomed to living in the countryside;Accustoming myself to living in the countryside
5.①cast a shadow on/over　②cast light on　③cast doubt on　④cast a quick glance at
6.①called to Jack to abandon his plan　②called at her house　③called on;called for;called him up;called off;call on his workers
经典句式
①welling　②done　③being　④The light off　⑤his mouth falling openPeriod Ⅲ　Using language
Part 1　Language points——析考点
Ⅰ.写作单词——记其形
　　　　　　 adj.很好的,了不起的
Ⅱ.阅读单词——知其意
lifelike adj. 　　　　　　　
Ⅲ.拓展单词——通其变
1.simulate v.模仿;假装;冒充;模拟
　　　　　　 adj.模仿的,模拟的,仿真的
　　　　　　 n.(用于人员训练的)模拟装置,
模拟器
2.submit v.提交,呈递;主张;屈服
　　　　　　 n.屈服;提交(物);呈递(书)
Ⅳ.必备短语——英汉译
1.　　　　　　　　 轮流
2.　　　　　　　　 接触;与……联系
3.　　　　　　　　 参加
4.collide with 　　　　　　　
5.bring...back to public attention 　　　　　　　
6.sign up for 　　　　　　　
7.take in 　　　　　　　
1.submit v.提交,呈递;屈服
·submission n.提交(物);呈递(书);屈服
[佳句背诵]　 These stories can relieve my stress and broaden my horizons.Besides, I even submitted my own fiction to Youth.(短文投稿)
这些故事可以缓解我的压力,开阔我的视野。此外,我还把自己的小说投递给了Youth。
submit sth to sb　　　　 把某物提交给某人
submit (oneself) to... 向……屈服/服从,不得已接受
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/完成句子
All 　　　　　　(submit) must be handed in by the end of this week.(告知信)
In desperation,Mrs.Jones submitted herself 　　　　　　an operation on her right knee to relieve the pain.
No country would submit to 　　　　　　(control) by other countries.
Please 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 before 12 noon next Monday.(告知信)
请在下周一中午12点之前把你的作业交给班主任。
2.sign up for报名参加
[佳句背诵]　 We highly recommend that you sign up for this course.(推荐信)
我们强烈推荐您报名参加这个课程。
sign up to do　　 报名做……
sign for 签收
sign in (到旅馆或俱乐部)签到,登记
sign out 签名离开
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/完成句子
I signed up 　　　　　　(do) the volunteer work in the community.
Please sign 　　　　　　the package when it arrives.
All the participants were required to sign 　　　　　　as they entered the hall to attend the meeting.
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to improve his language skills.
他报名参加了一门语言课程以提高他的语言技能。
Part 2　Grammar——复习情态动词
①Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets,their hearts in their mouths,aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was,and of the many things that could go wrong.
②With the eyes of students across the nation upon her,she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists.
③The world went into shock,most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.
④I can remember that day so clearly,watching the take-off on TV at school.
⑤But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue,and on 29 September 1988,the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.
⑥The memory of those seven will live forever,written in the stars,inspiring us to join them in humanity’s greatest journey of exploration and discovery.
⑦The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us,reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars,no matter how distant they might seem.
⑧And,for a long while,people were unable to understand what they could see.
⑨The Hubble and the space telescopes constructed after it will allow us to see further and further into space.
⑩Using ever-larger radio telescopes as our eyes,we will one day be able to look back to a time in the very early universe,before the existence of light.
一、情态动词概述
1.情态动词的类型
(1)只作情态动词的有:must, can (could), may (might), ought to。
(2)可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有:need, dare。
(3)可作情态动词也可作助动词的有:shall (should),will (would)。
(4)具有情态动词的某些特征的有:be able to, have (has) to, used to, had better。
2.情态动词的特征
(1)有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,它们要和行为动词或系动词连用,构成谓语。
(2)适用于主语的各种人称和数(have to和be able to例外)。
(3)后接动词原形。
二、情态动词的基本用法
1.表示能力(can/could/be able to)
(1)can表示一般的能力,could泛指过去的能力。
I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I can find the money.
如果能弄到钱的话,我会和约翰一起去欧洲度假。
She could play several instruments at the age of eight.
她8岁时就会弹奏好几种乐器了。
(2)can在时态上只有现在时和过去时两种,而be able to则有更多的时态;be able to强调“通过努力而有能力做到”,如果表示“某事已经成功做成”应用was/were able to,而不用could。
He was able to escape from the fire before the firefighters arrived.
在消防队员到来之前他从火中逃了出来。
2.表示请求、允许、允诺(can/could/may/might/shall/will/would)
(1)表示请求、允许时,在一般疑问句中could可以代替can,但could表示的语气更委婉,答语要用can。
—Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning
——明早我能借用你的自行车吗
—Yes,you can.
——好的,可以。
(2) may表示请求、允许,译为“可以”。might表示的语气更委婉。might可以指过去的时间,也可指现在的时间。其疑问句的否定回答为I’m afraid not或用mustn’t。
You may have some control over your own personal spaces. (2023·浙江1月卷改编)
你可以控制你自己的空间。
—Might I ask for a picture of your little daughter
——我可以要一张你小女儿的照片吗
—Yes,you may.
——可以。
(3)shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
Shall we go for a walk
我们去散步好吗
(4)shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句,表示说话者的意志,用来表示说话者给对方的命令、指示、允诺、警告等。此种用法还可以用来宣布法律、规定。
You shall do it, whether you want to or not.
不管你愿意不愿意, 你必须做这项工作。(命令)
You shall be punished for what you’ve done.
你会为你做的事情受到惩罚。(警告)
Tell Jerry he shall get a gift if he is nice.
告诉杰瑞, 如果他表现好, 他就可以得到一件礼物。(允诺)
(5)will表示请求、建议,用于疑问句,常与第二人称连用。
Will you please explain the sentence once more
请你再把这个句子解释一遍好吗
(6) would用于第二人称,表示委婉地提出请求、建议或看法,比will更为客气。
Would you mind cleaning the window
请把窗户擦一下好吗
3.表示必要性(must/need/should/ought to)
(1) must表示必要、命令或强制,意为“必须,应该”(指说话人的主观意志)。在回答must引导的问句时,如果是否定的回答,通常不用mustn’t,而要用needn’t或don’t have to。
She warns of the environmental dangers facing society,and she teaches that people must take responsibility for saving their environment. (2023·全国甲卷)
她警告社会面临的环境危险, 并且教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。
—Must we finish the work today
——我们今天必须完成这项工作吗
—Yes,you must./No,you needn’t/don’t have to.
——是的, 你们必须(完成)。/不, 你们不必。
(2)need用作情态动词时,没有词形的变化,后面跟不带to的不定式(即跟动词原形),通常用于否定句和疑问句中。
This is a free service; you needn’t pay for it.
这是免费服务, 你不必付款。
(3)should表义务、责任或劝告、建议、命令等,意为“应该”,用于各种人称。
All campers should bring their own bagged lunch and snacks. (2023·浙江1月卷)
所有野营人员都应该带上他们自己的袋装午餐和零食。
(4)ought to表义务,意为“应该”,口气比should稍重。
You are his father.You ought to take care of him.　你是他父亲。你应当照顾他。
4.表示意愿或勇气(will/would/dare)
(1)will表示主观意志、意愿,用于各种人称的陈述句。
You are my good friend.I will do my best to help you.
你是我的好朋友, 我愿意尽一切努力来帮助你。
(2)would作为will的过去式,用于过去时中,表示主观愿望或意志。
Days later,my brother called to say he was all right,but would not say where he was.
数天后,我哥哥打电话说他很好,但不肯说他在哪里。
(3)dare既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。作情态动词时表示“敢,敢于”,主要用于否定句、疑问句以及条件句中,没有人称和数的变化,但有过去式dared,dare的过去式也可与原形一样,不作任何变化。
I dare not walk through the wood at night.
夜间我不敢在小树林里走。
5.表示推测(can/could/may/might/must/should/would/ought to)
(1)can/could表示可能性,主要用于否定句和疑问句。
—Can he be in the reading room now
——他现在在阅览室吗
—No,he can’t be in it because I saw him in the office just now.
——不, 他不可能在阅览室里, 因为我刚才在办公室看到他。
(2)may/might表示推测时主要用于肯定句或否定句中,might的可能性比may小。
Students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone they don’t get along with or have difficulty communicating with.
如果和一个相处不好或沟通有困难的人配对, 学生们会感到不舒服或缺乏动力。
Life is unpredictable;even the poorest might become the richest.
人生难以预料,即便是最穷的人也有可能成为最富有的人。
(3) must表示有把握的推测,意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句中。对目前情况的推测用must do;对正在发生的事情的推测用must be doing;对过去情况的推测用must have done。
They must be anxious to learn about local customs.
他们一定急于了解当地的风俗习惯。
Someone must have used my umbrella yesterday.I found it wet.
昨天一定有人用了我的伞,我发现它湿了。
(4)should表示有一定根据的推测、推论或可能性,意为“想必,一定,照说应该,估计”等(肯定的语气没有must表示推测时强)。
The new dictionary should come out next month.
新词典估计下个月出版。
(5)would表示预料或猜想,意为“也许,大概”。
It would be ten when he left home.
他离开家时大概是十点钟。
(6)ought to表推测,暗含很大的可能,语气较强。
If he started out at nine, he ought to be here by now.
他如果九点出发,现在应该到这里了。
三、情态动词的特殊用法
1.can的特殊用法
(1)表示可能性(理论上或是逻辑判断上)。
As we all know, everyone can make a mistake.
众所周知, 人人都可能犯错误。
(2)can’t...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”;“越……越好”。
When you cross the road,you can’t be too careful/you can’t be careful enough.
过马路时, 你再小心都不为过。
2.may的特殊用法
(1)“may well+动词原形”,意为“很可能,大可以,完全能,理应,有足够的理由。”
Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her.
她的模样变化如此之大,你很有可能认不出她了。
(2)“may/might as well+动词原形”,意为“最好,不妨,干脆”。
We may as well stay where we are.
我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。
3.must的特殊用法
must表示“偏要,硬要”做某事,指令人不快的事情。
Must you make her cry at such a late time
这么晚了你非要让她哭吗
4.should的特殊用法
表示惊讶、忧虑、惋惜等情绪, 意为“竟会, 竟然”。
It’s surprising that he should be so rude in public.　太奇怪了, 他竟然在公共场合如此粗鲁。
5.will/would的特殊用法
will/would表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,意为“经常,惯于,总是”。will用来叙述目前的习惯;would表示过去的习惯。
Rose will always be late for school.
罗斯上学总迟到。
In those days,the old woman would sit at the gate for hours,waiting for her son to return from the front.　过去, 那个老妇人在门口一坐就是好几个小时, 等待着儿子从前线归来。
四、“情态动词+have done”的用法
对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测 must have done sth“(过去)一定做了某事”;语气比较肯定;用于肯定句中
may (might) have done sth“(过去)可能/也许做了某事”;语气不确定;用于肯定句和否定句中
can (could)not have done sth“(过去)不可能做某事”;用于否定句和疑问句,表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑或不确定
表示“与过去事实相反” could have done sth(过去)本可以做某事但实际上没做
needn’t have done sth(过去)本不必做某事但实际上做了
ought to/should have done sth(过去)本应该做某事但实际上没做
oughtn’t to/shouldn’t have done sth(过去)本不应该做某事但实际上做了
might have done sth(过去)可能做某事但实际上没做
It must have rained last night,for the road is quite muddy.
昨晚一定是下雨了,因为路上很泥泞。
I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning.She couldn’t have spoken at the meeting.
今天早晨我在会议室没有看到她,她不可能在会议上发言了。
You could have done better,but you didn’t try your best.　你本可以做得更好,但是你并没有尽力。
You needn’t have taken a taxi here,for it is very near to your house.
你本不必打出租车来这里的,因为这里离你家很近。
I’m not sure.He might have said so at the conference.
我拿不准,他本可以在会上这样说的。
You should have finished the task before 5 o’clock.
你本应该在五点之前完成任务的。
根据句意,用适当的情态动词填空
1.It is strange that such a gentleman 　　　　　　　　 be so rude to a lady.
2.You 　　　　　　come here on time,or you’ll be fined next time.
3.I 　　　　　　have cooked so much food.Nobody was hungry.
4.When he was young,he 　　　　　　climb the small hill every morning.
5.I 　　　　　　finish reading the book tomorrow,but I am not sure about it.
6.You 　　　　　　have given him some advice.He was too upset at that time.
7.It is a long time since we met last time.You 　　　　　　come and see me more often.
8.She was so frightened that she didn’t 　　　　　　　 to breathe a word of it to anyone else.
9.The doorbell rings and I wonder who that is.It 　　　　　　be Lisa—she’s still in the library at this time.
10.You 　　　　　　feel all the training a waste of time,but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.
Period Ⅲ　Using language
Part 1　Language points——析考点
夯实·语言基础
Ⅰ.awesome
Ⅱ.(图画、模型等)生动的,逼真的
Ⅲ.1.simulated;simulator　2.submission
Ⅳ.1.in turns　2.make contact with　3.take part in
4.与……碰撞　5.重新引起公众对……的注意
6.报名参加　7.去看,观看
精析·核心要点
1.①submission(s)　②to　③being controlled　④submit your work to your head teacher
2.①to do　②for　③in　④signed up for a language course
Part 2　Grammar——复习情态动词
跟踪·落实检查
1.should　2.must　3.needn’t　4.would　5.may/might　6.ought to/should　7.should/ought to　8.dare　9.can’t　10.mayPeriod Ⅳ　Developing ideas
Step Ⅰ　Read for the main idea
(Ⅰ)Fill in the blanks with suitable words to get the main idea of each paragraph.
Para.1:Ancient people’s 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　 of the night sky.
Para.2:The influence the first 2.　　　　　　 had on investigating the night sky.
Para.3:The influence the 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 had on investigating the night sky.
Para.4:The influence the 4.“　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　” had on investigating the night sky.
Para.5:Much of the universe remains 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
(Ⅱ)The main idea of the passage is that people will know more about the universe 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Step Ⅱ　Read between the lines
(Ⅰ)Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.How did people create a world in the sky
A.By their naked eyes.
B.By telescopes.
C.By their imaginations.
D.By passing from mouth to mouth.
2.How does the author organize the passage
A.By the order of time.
B.By the order of space.
C.By giving examples.
D.By listing numbers.
3.What can be learned from Paragraph 2
A.The Sun is the only star in the Milky Way.
B.The Milky Way is much larger than the universe.
C.The universe is a vast ocean.
D.The universe is enormous.
4.What is the FAST telescope mainly used for
A.Searching for the dark matter.
B.Searching for the aliens.
C.Searching for more unknown stars.
D.Searching for black holes.
5.Which of the following is the author’s opinion about humans’ exploration in space
A.We are still close to the start of the journey of discovery.
B.We can’t find life on other planets except the earth.
C.We have reached the centre of the universe.
D.We have the ability to reach regions of space billions of light years away.
(Ⅱ)Read the passage carefully again and fill in the blanks.
Step Ⅲ　Sentence-learning
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.For example,the mysterious large-eyed,bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom,discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui,were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars.
[句式分析]　本句是简单句。the mysterious large-eyed,bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom是句子的主语,were believed为谓语。discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui为过去分词短语作定语。
尝试翻译:　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”,as it is known,is being used in the search for dark matter,thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes.
[句式分析]　本句是复合句。 as it is known 为as引导的状语从句;thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes为过去分词短语作后置定语,invisible to ordinary telescopes为形容词短语作定语修饰名词 subatomic particles。
尝试翻译:　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Step Ⅳ　Post-reading
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
Since the start of human history,people have already regarded the night sky as 1.　　　　　　 endless source of fascination.It 2.　　　　　　 (believe) that the large-eyed bronze statues from the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui were able to look across great distances into the stars.In 3.　　　　　　 (real),humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye.Our power to see the sky changed 4.　　　　　　 (dramatic) when the first telescope was angled at the night sky.It extended the power of the human eye and enabled us to realise that the universe is a far 5.　　　　　　 (large)place than we ever imagined.
In 1990,the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit,6.　　　　　　 (give) astronomers the first breathtakingly beautiful images of our universe 7.　　　　　　 (take) from beyond Earth.These ranged from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born, 8.　　　　　　 huge black holes,and even to new planets.In 2016,the FAST telescope was completed in China.It is used in the search for dark matter,9.　　　　　　 can’t be observed through ordinary telescopes.Its vast dish has the ability 10.　　　　　　 (make) discoveries beyond our imaginations.
Ⅰ.写作单词——记其形
1.　　　　　　 v.(去)拿来;(去)请来;(去)找来;去接(某人)
2.　　　　　　 adj. 简单的
3.　　　　　　 n.肌肉
4.　　　　　　 v.打喷嚏
Ⅱ.阅读单词——知其意
1.telescope n. 　　　　　　　
2.angle v. 　　　　　　　
3.galaxy n. 　　　　　　　
4.cosmic adj. 　　　　　　　
5.conceivably adv. 　　　　　　　
6.subatomic adj. 　　　　　　　
7.particle n. 　　　　　　　
8.self-discipline n. 　　　　　　　
9.pepper n. 　　　　　　　
10.disc n. 　　　　　　　
Ⅲ.拓展单词——通其变
visible adj.看得见的;明显的
　　　　　　 n.视力;视觉;想象
　　　　　　 adj.看不见的
Ⅳ.必备短语——英汉译
1.　　　　　　　　 与……相似
2.　　　　　　　　 算出;理解;制定出;解决; 锻炼;进展顺利
3.　　　　　　　　 忙于,从事,参与
4.　　　　　　　　 由……组成
5.　　　　　　　　 回顾,回想
6.in reality 　　　　　　　
7.quest for 　　　　　　　
8.be close to 　　　　　　　
Ⅴ.常用句型——会仿写
1.句型公式:be+过去分词+to do
[原句]　For example,the mysterious large-eyed,bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui,were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars.　例如,在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目铜像,那时的人们认为它们能够看到遥远的星空。
仿写:人们认为稀有动物的存在使我们的世界充满活力和丰富多彩。
The existence of rare animals 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　our world lively and colorful.
2.句型公式:现在分词的否定形式作状语
[原句]　Not knowing what the stars were, people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky.
古时的人们并不知道星星到底是什么,所以他们便凭着想象创造了一个空中世界。
仿写:不知道这个问题的答案,他去向老师求助。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he went to the teacher for help.
3.句型公式:It is/was+过去分词+that...
[原句]　Soon,it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.
很快,我们明白太阳只不过是银河系中数十亿颗恒星中的一颗。
仿写:人们相信,未来我们会更好地了解宇宙。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
we will have a better understanding of the universe in the future.
1.be composed of由……组成
[佳句背诵]　 The music festival,which is composed of two parts,will enable us to know more about Chinese folk music.(活动介绍)
这个音乐节由两部分组成,将使我们更加了解中国的民间音乐。
(1)be composed of=be made up of/consist of　　　　　　　　由……组成
(2)compose v. 作(曲); 组成,构成;使平静
compose oneself 使自己镇定下来
(3)composer n. 作曲家;创作者
composition n. 构成;作曲;作品
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/一句多译
She reworked a lot of her 　　　　　　 (compose) to make them more danceable products.
It was the fortieth anniversary of the death of the 　　　　　　(compose).
Please compose 　　　　　　(you);there’s no need to get excited!
这个医疗队由15名男医生和40名女护士组成。
→The medical team 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 15 men doctors and 40 women nurses.(consist)
→The medical team 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　15 men doctors and 40 women nurses.(make up)
→The medical team 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　15 men doctors and 40 women nurses.(compose)
2.be engaged in忙于,从事,参与
[佳句背诵]　 With the college entrance examination drawing near,I am engaged in preparing for it.　随着高考临近,我正忙于准备。
(1)engage v.　　 参加;参与(活动);雇用;聘请
engage (sb) in (doing) sth (使某人)从事/参与(做)某事
engage sb to do sth 聘请某人做某事
(2)engaged adj. 忙于;从事于;已订婚的
be engaged to 已与……订婚
(3)engagement n. 订婚;约会
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/一句多译
She tried hard to engage every student 　　　　　　conversation.
When he was very young, he was engaged 　　　　　　the daughter of one of his father’s friends.
Whether for a special occasion such as an 　　　　　　(engage) or a wedding or simply as a gift,diamond rings make the ideal choice.
参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。 (倡议书)
→The students who 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
after-school activities are happier than those who are not.(engage)
→The students who 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
after-school activities are happier than those who are not.(participate)
3.For example, the mysterious large-eyed,bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars.
例如,在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目铜像,那时的人们认为它们能够看到遥远的星空。
句型公式|be+过去分词+to do
本句属于“It is believed to do/to be...”句型,意为“人们相信/认为……”,根据情况,不定式可用一般式(to do)、进行式(to be doing)或完成式(to have done)。该句型可改写为:“Sth/Sb is believed that...”或“People believe that...”。
(1)It is said that...　　　　 据说……
(2)It is reported that... 据报道……
(3)It is suggested that... 有人建议……
(4)It is thought that... 人们认为……
(5)It is known that... 众所周知……
[佳句背诵]　He is believed to be the most excellent doctor in the town.
=It is believed that he is the most excellent doctor in the town.
人们认为他是镇上最优秀的医生。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/同义句转换
The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(be) about 1.8 million.
It is reported 　　　　　　the film is well received outside China.
It is thought that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
→Carbon dioxide 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
4.Soon,it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.
很快,我们明白太阳只不过是银河系中数十亿颗恒星中的一颗。
句型公式|It is/was+过去分词+that...
it was understood that...“人们知道;人们认识到”,在此句型中it为形式主语,that引导的从句是真正的主语。常用于这种结构的动词还有:think,believe,report,say,know,suggest,announce等。
it作形式主语而从句是真正的主语的常见句式:
(1)It is/was a shame/no wonder/a pity/...that...
令人感到羞耻的事是/难怪/遗憾的是……
(2)It is/was likely/surprising/interesting/...that...
很可能/令人吃惊的是/令人感兴趣的是……
(3)It is/was said/believed/reported/...that...
据说/据相信/据报道……
注意:在英语中,形式主语或形式宾语只能用it,不能用this,that或其他代词。
[佳句背诵]　It is a pity that such a thing should happen in your class.
这种事竟然发生在你们班上,真是遗憾。
[活学巧用]　完成句子
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 separating a baby animal from its owner or mother is even crueler than you leave it alone on the street.(短文投稿)
大家认为把动物幼崽和它的主人或妈妈分开比把它独自扔在街上更残忍。
Dad has been working for three hours.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 he looks so tired.
爸爸一直工作了三个小时,难怪他看上去很累。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 these application forms be sent back as early as possible.(告知信)
这些申请表应尽早地寄回,这是非常重要的。
Period Ⅳ　Developing ideas
研读·教材原文
Step Ⅰ　(Ⅰ)1.exploration　2.telescope　3.Hubble Space Telescope　4.Eye of Heaven　5.unexplored
(Ⅱ)with large telescopes
Step Ⅱ　(Ⅰ)1.C　2.C　3.D　4.A　5.A
(Ⅱ)1.source of fascination　2.investigate　3.was angled
4.previously 　5.launched　6.beyond　7.to explore
8.visible　9.further and further　10.unexplored
Step Ⅲ　1.例如在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目铜像,那时的人们认为它们能够看到遥远的星空。
2.众所周知,这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探寻暗物质。暗物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成,一般望远镜是观测不到的。
Step Ⅳ　1.an　2.is believed　3.reality　4.dramatically　5.larger　6.giving　7.taken　8.to　9.which　10.to make
夯实·语言基础
Ⅰ.1.fetch　2.straightforward　3.muscle　4.sneeze
Ⅱ.1.望远镜　2.斜置　3.星系　4.宇宙的　5.可以相信地;可想象地　6.亚原子的;原子内的　7.粒子　8.自我约束,自律　9.胡椒粉　10.激光唱片;光碟,光盘
Ⅲ.vision;invisible
Ⅳ.1.be similar to　2.work out　3.be engaged in　4.be composed of　5.look back to　6.实际上,事实上　7.探索,追求　8.接近
Ⅴ.1.is believed to have made　2.Not knowing the answer to the question　3.It is believed that
精析·核心要点
1.①compositions　②composer　③yourself/yourselves
④consists of;is made up of;is composed of
2.①in　②to　③engagement　④are engaged in;participate in
3.①to be　②that　③is thought to be heating
4.①It is believed that　②It is no wonder that
③It is essential thatPeriod Ⅴ　Writing——太空生活日记
本单元的写作目标是写一篇太空生活日记,记录自己在太空的一天的生活场景,让大家对太空生活有一定的了解。这样的日记应该按时间顺序展开,记述这一天中发生的事情,但要注意有详有略。在具体的写作过程中要注意把太空生活与地球生活进行对比,让大家了解太空生活的奇妙之处,以引起读者的兴趣,可以通过以下三个部分来进行写作:
第一部分:开门见山,引入话题,即太空生活与地球生活完全不同,唤起读者兴趣。
第二部分:按时间顺序介绍自己一天的生活,注意详略得当,必要时解释一下原因。
第三部分:总结全文,发表自己的感受以及对太空生活的看法。
一、亮点词汇
　　in order to, stimulate one’s enthusiasm, a simulated experience of spaceship, space exploration, in space, feel like, get used to,turn out, devote...to, make contributions to, come true
二、高级句式
1.To help us students learn more about...,our school organised a visit to...
为了帮助我们学生更多地了解……,我们学校组织了一次参观……
2.During the visit, we first had the experience of flying in a simulated spaceship in the city space museum.
参观期间,我们首先在市航天博物馆体验了模拟宇宙飞船的飞行。
3.Then, we visited an exhibition which showed us...and all of us felt...
然后,我们参观了一个展览,它向我们展示了……我们所有人都感到……
4.When we really experienced...,we all felt excited and we couldn’t help...
当我们真正经历……,我们所有人都感到兴奋,我们忍不住……
5.Sitting in the capsule, we imagined how amazing it would be to...
坐在太空舱里,我们想象……会有多神奇。
6.We had never known that life in space was so...and we further realised that...
我们从来不知道太空的生活是如此的……我们进一步认识到……
7.Getting out of the capsule, we still felt that..., which made us...
走出太空舱,我们仍然觉得……,这使我们……
8.The experience helps stimulate our enthusiasm for learning science and...
这次经历有助于激发我们学习科学和……的热情。
假如你是李华,有幸参加了一个太空旅行项目,已经在太空生活了几天的时间。请你用英语写一篇日记,向地球上的朋友们简单介绍一下你在太空的第一天的生活场景,要包括吃饭、锻炼以及睡觉等几个方面。
第一步　审题谋篇
体裁 日记
人称 第一人称为主
时态 一般过去时为主
框架 第一段:应开门见山,直入主题; 第二段:按时间先后描述这一天发生的事情,注意详略得当; 第三段:发表自己的感受以及对太空生活的看法。
第二步　要点翻译
1.由于没有地心引力,地球上最简单的日常工作在太空中可能会非常困难。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, the most straightforward daily tasks on the earth can be very difficult in space.
2.起床后,我开始吃早餐,包括一些面包和一袋果汁。
After getting up,I began to have breakfast.It　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and a bag of fruit juice.
3.工作了两个小时后,我需要锻炼一段时间来保持肌肉强壮。
After I worked for two hours,I needed to work out for some time 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
第三步　词句升级
1.用独立主格结构升级要点1
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, the most straightforward daily tasks on the earth can be very difficult in space.
2.用非限制性定语从句升级要点2
After getting up,I began to have breakfast,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
3.用现在分词短语作时间状语升级要点3
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, I needed to work out for some time to keep my muscles strong.
第四步　连句成篇
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　假如现在是2050年,你们学校组织了一次去火星的旅行。在火星上你们到处参观,举行聚会,与外星人(alien)通电话……总之,你们玩得很愉快。 请根据以上材料,以 “An Exciting Space Trip”为题,描述一下你的火星之旅。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Period Ⅴ　Writing——太空生活日记
示例·分步写作
第二步　要点翻译
1.As there is no gravity　2.consisted of some bread　3.to keep my muscles strong
第三步　词句升级
1.There being no gravity　2.which consisted of some bread and a bag of fruit juice　3.Having worked for two hours
第四步　连句成篇
　　There being no gravity,the most straightforward daily tasks on the earth can be very difficult in space.
After getting up,I began to have breakfast,which consisted of some bread and a bag of fruit juice.I had to fetch a straw to drink the juice,otherwise it would float around in the spacecraft.Having worked for two hours,I needed to work out for some time to keep my muscles strong.I tied my feet to a special machine so that I wouldn’t float away. When it was time to go to bed,I went into a small cupboard,got into a sleeping bag and tied it to the wall.I think I must look like a big sausage.It is so funny,isn’t it
Living in space is rather difficult but fun.I enjoy it very much.
跟踪·落实检查
【参考范文】
An Exciting Space Trip
It is the year of 2050.Our school organized a great trip to Mars a few days ago.We took the space shuttle to Mars, on which we found a lot of things different from the earth.After that, we invited many aliens to our party held in our space shuttle.They danced and sang together with us.Their songs were so awesome that all of us screamed.Finally, we made phone calls with aliens.
We all had a good time on Mars.The trip was very interesting and I hope I can travel to Mars again soon.单元知识回顾
Ⅰ.默写词块
一、教材词块默写
1.　　　　　　　　 提心吊胆;心提到了嗓子眼
2.　　　　　　　　 航天飞机
3.　　　　　　　　 震惊
4.　　　　　　　　 洗净,漂洗
5.　　　　　　　　 推动
6.　　　　　　　　 飘走
7.　　　　　　　　 执行任务
8.　　　　　　　　 在半空中
9.　　　　　　　　 得到应有的社会地位,名副其实
10.　　　　　　　　 考古现场
11.　　　　　　　　 肉眼
12.　　　　　　　　 光年
二、讲解词块默写
1.　　　　　　　　 因某事对某人大叫
2.　　　　　　　　 被停学/停职
3.　　　　　　　　 踏上
4.　　　　　　　　 习惯于(做)某事
5.　　　　　　　　 给……蒙上阴影
6.　　　　　　　　 呼唤;给……打电话
7.　　　　　　　　 把某物提交给某人
8.　　　　　　　　 报名参加
9.　　　　　　　　 由……组成
10.　　　　　　　　 忙于,从事,参与
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,
the little boy went straight to the nearby shop.
手里拿着钱,小男孩直奔附近的商店。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
we will have a better understanding of the universe in the future.
人们相信,未来我们会更加了解宇宙。
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,
the shy boy lowered his head to avoid his teacher’s eyes.
害羞的男孩不知道该怎么办,低下头避开老师的目光。
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,
she walked into the forest.
她没有意识到危险,走进了森林。
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,
you must arrive on time.
无论你怎么来学校,你必须按时到。
Ⅲ.语法填空——核心考点语境串记
Welcome to our school’s 1.　　　　　　 (simulate) space club.There are a 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(various) of activities for you to choose from, 3.　　　　　　 will certainly make you scream because they are awesome.You can learn how to correctly use the telescope to see the beauty of sky.When the telescope is angled at the night sky, you will find something 4.　　　　　　 (visible). And you will experience some straightforward and everyday tasks.The simulator of the space shuttle is 5.　　　　　　 model but it’s lifelike.6.　　　　　　 (suppose) that you are one of the crew members, you need to find the self-discipline to keep your muscles strong,and you also need to learn how 7.　　　　　　 (fetch)salt,pepper, and so on.What would you do if you catch a cold and start to sneeze Your tasks might 8.　　　　　　 (suspend).How can you listen to music on the disc If you are interested in these, join us and show your 9.　　　　　　 (exception) talent.Your application must be submitted 10.　　　　　　1st September.
单元知识回顾
Ⅰ.一、1.one’s heart in one’s mouth　2.the space shuttle　3.go into shock　4.rinse off　5.push against　6.float away　7.carry out tasks　8.in mid-air　9.take one’s place　10.archeological site　11.the naked eye　12.light year
二、1.scream at sb for sth　2.be suspended from school/the job
3.set foot on　4.become accustomed to　5.cast a shadow on/over　6.call to　7.submit sth to sb　8.sign up for　9.be composed of　10.be engaged in
Ⅱ.1.Money in his hand　2.It is believed that　3.Not knowing what to do　4.Unaware of the danger　5.No matter how you come to school
Ⅲ.1.simulated　2.variety　3.which　4.invisible　5.a　6.Supposing　7.to fetch　8.be suspended　9.exceptional　10.by

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