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外研社七上英语（2024新版）笔记： Unit 4
1. treat 的用法
1). v. 请客；款待；招待
treat sb. to sth. 用某物款待某人
On my birthday, my best friend treated me to a concert.在我的生日那天，我最好的朋友请我去看了一场音乐会。
My parents treated me to a big dinner for getting good grades.因为我成绩好，我爸妈请我吃了一顿大餐。
2). v. 对待，看待
treat sb. as/like ... 把某人当成/看作......
They treat their pets as family members. 他们把宠物当作家庭成员看待。
2. watch sb. do sth. 与 watch sb. doing sth.
watch sb. do sth.观察某人做某事
(强调动作经常发生，或观察到某人做某事的全过程。）注意！这里的do是省略了to的不定式，所以这个do一定是动词原形。）
watch sb. doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事（ 强调动作正在发生）
I often watch my mom cook dinner. 我经常看我妈妈做晚饭。
I watched him finish his homework. 我看着他完成了作业。
I saw her reading a book in the library. 我在图书馆看到她正在读书。
He watched his sister dancing in the living room.他看到他妹妹正在客厅跳舞。
类似的词有:hear,see,notice,hear等. 例如：hear sb. do sth. 听到某人做某事；hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正在做某事。
3. against 作介词常见的用法：
1). 违背；与......相悖
Driving without a license is against the law. 无照驾驶是违法的。
Stealing is against the law. 偷窃是违法的。
2). （在比赛或战斗中）对 （某人或某物），常与 play 、fight 等词连用。
The soldiers fought against the enemy bravely. 士兵们勇敢地与敌人交战。
3). 反对 (反义词：for)
There are 26 votes for him and 8 against him. 有26票赞成他，8票反对他。
Are you for or against the plan 你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢
4). 靠着，倚着
He was leaning against a tree. 他正倚着一棵树。
5）抵御，预防
He built a small house as a shelter against the cold. 他搭建了一个小屋，用来抵御寒冷。
be against doing sth. 反对做某事
Many people are against smoking in public places. 翻译：许多人反对在公共场所吸烟。
4. with 用、以、借（工具、手段等）
She wrote the letter with a pencil. 她用铅笔写了这封信。
He cut the apple with a knife. 他用刀子切苹果。
5. fill v. (使）充满；装满,常与介词with搭配，表达“被……充满”时用be filled with结构。
fill...with...用......填满
Please fill the cup with water. 请把这个杯子装满水。
Smoke filled the room. =The room was filled with smoke. 屋里尽是烟。
The bottle is filled with water. 这只瓶子装满了水。
be filled with =be full of 充满
The room was filled with laughter. =The room was full of laughter.
Her eyes were filled with tears. =Her eyes were full of tears.
6. feel like 的用法
1). feel like 感觉像
He feels like he can conquer the world with his new invention.
他感觉他可以用他的新发明征服世界。
It feels like the end of the world. 感觉像是世界末日。
2). feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
I feel like playing basketball after school. 放学后我想打篮球。
He feels like reading a comic book before bed. 他想在睡前看一本漫画书。
7. a must 必须的、必不可少的 、一定要做的
Doing homework is a must for students every day. 对学生来说，每天做作业是必不可少的。
Learning English is a must in today's globalized world. 在今天这个全球化的世界，学习英语是必须的。
8. be sure to do sth. 一定做某事，务必做某事
We are sure to arrive early for the concert. 我们一定会提前到达音乐会。
9. prefer 的用法
1). prefer 作为及物动词，相当于like...better, 意为“更喜欢”。
Which taste do you prefer 你更喜欢哪种口味？
I prefer apples. 我更喜欢苹果。=I like apples better.
2). prefer to do sth. 宁愿做某事
Tom prefers to go boating. 汤姆宁愿去划船。
3). prefer A to B ：比起B更喜欢A
I prefer tea to coffee. 比起咖啡我更喜欢茶。
They prefer Chinese food to Western food. 比起西餐他们更喜欢中餐。
4). prefer doing A to doing B: 和做B相比，更喜欢做A
I prefer reading books to watching TV. 和看电视相比，我更喜欢读书。
We prefer cooking at home to eating out. 和外出就餐相比，我们更喜欢在家做饭。
5). prefer to do A rather than do B: 宁愿做A， 而不愿做B
I prefer to study rather than play video games. 我宁愿学习而不愿玩电子游戏。
She prefers to read rather than watch TV. 她宁愿读书而不愿看电视。
10. waste n. 废物；浪费 v.浪费
1). 表示一般意义上的“浪费”或“废弃物”时，它通常用作不可数名词。
The factory produces a lot of waste every day. 这家工厂每天产生很多废料。
2). waste 用作可数名词时，通常指的是特定类型或形式的废物或浪费。
a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of money 浪费金钱
It’s a waste of time talking without doing anything. 只说不做是浪费时间。
3). waste 作动词，表示“浪费，滥用”
waste + 时间/金钱 on sth. 在某物上浪费时间/金钱
waste + 时间/金钱 (in) doing sth. 浪费时间/金钱 做某事
He wasted a lot of time in playing computer games. 他浪费了大量的时间在玩电脑游戏上。
Don’t waste money or time on meaningless things. 不要在无意义的事情上浪费金钱和时间。
11. create v. 创造；造成
Some people believe that God created the world. 有些人相信上帝创造了世界。
creative adj.创造的，创造性的
The teacher encouraged students to use creative ways to express their ideas in writing. 老师鼓励学生们用创造性的方法在写作中表达他们的想法。
12. cut down 的用法
1). cut down 砍倒
The workers cut down the old tree in the park. 工人们砍倒了公园里的老树。
They cut down several trees to build a new house. 他们砍倒了几棵树来建造新房子。
2). cut down 减少
The company is trying to cut down our salaries.公司正在试图减少我们的工资。
13. meaning doing sth. 与 mean to do sth.
1). mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
Studying hard means getting good grades. 努力学习意味着取得好成绩。
2). mean to do sth. 本意要做某事, 打算做某事
Don't be too hard on the boy; he didn't mean to do it.
对这个小男孩不要太严厉了，他不是故意这么做的。
Please forgive me. I didn't mean to do that. 请原谅我,我不是有意那么做的。
14. break 的用法
1). n. 短暂的假期，休假
We need a short break to refresh ourselves before the next class.
下节课前我们需要短暂的休息来提神。
They worked for 20 hours without a break. 他们工作了20个小时，没有休息。
take /have a break 休息一会儿
Let's take a short break for lunch. 让我们休息一会儿，去吃午饭。
2). v. 打碎；折断；违背
break a cup 打碎杯子
He broke a cup in the kitchen this morning. 他今天早上在厨房打碎了一个杯子。
break the rules 违反规则
If you break the rules again, you are sure to be punished. 如果你再违反规则，你肯定会受到惩罚。
break the promises 违背承诺
She was upset because he broke the promises. 他违背了承诺，她很不高兴。
3).adj. 弄坏的；破碎的(动词break的过去分词)
The toy is broken and can't be fixed. 这个玩具坏了，修不好了。
15. 比较级前可加much、even、a little 等，表示不同程度。
1). much ….得多
She is much taller than her sister. 她比她的姐姐高得多。
This book is much more interesting than the one I read last week. 这本书比我上周读的那本有趣得多。
2). even 甚至
He is even faster than I expected. 他甚至比我预想的还要快。
3). a little 一点
The movie was a little more boring than I thought. 这部电影比我预想的还要无聊一点。
The temperature is a little lower today than yesterday. 今天的温度比昨天低一点。
16. situation n. 形势；局面；位置；职位；处境；状况
The economic situation is now different. 现在经济形势不同了。
in a ... situation 处在... 的处境中
He was in a dangerous situation. 他处境危险。
The factory was in a very bad situation now. 这个工厂现在很糟。
He's in a difficult situation and doesn't know what to do.他的处境很困难，不知怎么办才好。
17. regret 的用法
Don't waste your time, or you'll regret it. 不要浪费时间，否则你会后悔的。
1). regret to do sth. 遗憾地要做某事
I regret to tell you that you failed the exam again.我很遗憾地告诉你，你再次考试没通过。
2) regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事
She regrets spending too much time on social media. 她后悔在社交媒体上花费了太多时间。
She regrets not studying harder when she was at school. 她后悔在学校时没有更努力学习。
18. decision 的用法
make a decision 作出决定
After discussing for hours, the committee finally made a decision.
经过数小时的讨论，委员会终于做出了决定。
make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth. 决定做某事
We made a decision to start a new project next month. 我们决定下个月开始一个新项目。
They decided to save money for a trip to Europe. 他们决定为去欧洲旅行存钱。
19. one of + 可数名词复数: ......之一
One of my classmates is known for his excellent memory. 我的一个同学以出色的记忆力而闻名。
One of my classmates offered to help me with my homework. 我的一个同学主动提出帮我做作业。
one of +the /one's +形容词最高级+可数名词复数：最......的......之一
He is one of the smartest students in our class.他是我们班最聪明的学生之一。
20. give up v. 放弃；抛弃；戒除
She doesn't give up easily. 她做任何事都不轻易放弃。
give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
You ought to give up smoking; I gave it up last year. 你应该戒烟，我去年就戒掉了。
Don't give up practicing the piano; your hard work will pay off. 不要放弃练习钢琴；你的努力会有回报的。
21. make the most of 充分利用
We should make the most of our time. 我们应该充分利用时间。
make the most of =make the best of =make good use of =make full use of 充分利用
We are looking forward to the family reunion next month. 我们期待着下个月的家庭团聚。
22. family reunion 家庭团聚
During the family reunion, we played games and shared stories. 在家庭团聚时，我们玩游戏和分享故事。
23. joke n. 笑话；玩笑 v. 说笑话；开玩笑
You must be joking. 你一定是在开玩笑吧。
My brother told a funny joke at the party. 我弟弟在派对上讲了一个很有趣的笑话。
拓展：play a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑
Don't play a joke on his height. He's very sensitive . 不要拿他的身高开玩笑。他非常敏感。
He likes to play a joke on his son. 他喜欢开他儿子的玩笑。
24. hate [he t] v. 讨厌
hate doing sth. 讨厌做某事
I hate cooking dinner. 我讨厌做饭。
She hates making mistakes. 她讨厌出错。
25. 英文中表示“花费”的句型: take, spend, cost, pay
1). It takes sb. + 时间+ to do sth. 花费某人一段时间来做某事
这里的“It”是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式“to do sth. 这种结构用于避免句子头重脚轻。
It takes me two hours to finish my homework every day. 我每天花费两个小时来完成作业。
It took me five hours to get there by car. 我开车花了五个小时才到达那里。
It will take him a long time to complete the marathon.他需要很长时间才能完成马拉松比赛。
How long does it take you to finish your homework every day
2). Sb. spends + 时间/金钱 + (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间/金钱做某事
Sb. spends + 时间/金钱 + on sth. 某人花费时间/金钱在某事上
Don't spend much time playing computer games.
Don't spend much time on computer games.
I spend two hours doing my homework every day. 我每天花费两个小时做作业。
3). Sth. costs sb. +金钱 ：某物花费某人多少钱
How much does this house cost (新1第89课）
The new computer cost me five thousand yuan.这台新电脑花费了我五千元。
This book costs me 30 dollars.这本书花费了我30美元。
4). Sb. pays +金钱 for sth. ：某人为某物支付了多少钱
I paid 100 dollars for the concert ticket.
I paid 50 yuan for the books.
26. stay 的用法
1). stay up 熬夜
I had to stay up late to finish my homework. 我不得不熬夜完成我的家庭作业。
2). “stay + 形容词”，表示“保持某种状态”
You should stay healthy by eating more vegetables. 你应该通过多吃蔬菜来保持健康。
It's important to stay calm in difficult situations. 在困难的情况下保持冷静很重要。
3）stay away from 远离；避开
I've heard about your reputation, and I want you to stay away from my daughter. 我听说过你的名声，我希望你离我女儿远点。
4). stay in touch 保持联系
They stay in touch through social media. 他们通过社交媒体保持联系。
5）stay with 和......待在一起
I want to stay with my parents. 我想和我父母待在一起。
I want to stay with my friends for the weekend. 我想周末和朋友们待在一起。
27. cause 的用法
1). v. 引起；使发生
Smoking can cause lung cancer. 吸烟可致肺癌。
cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事
What caused you to change your mind 是什么使你改变了主意？
2). n. 原因；理由；事业
The cause of the fire is still under investigation. 火灾的原因仍在调查中。
They are fighting for the cause of human rights. 他们为争取人权事业而斗争。
30. thankful 感激的，感谢的
be thankful for sth. 因某事而心存感激
be thanksful to sb. 对某人心存感激
I am thankful for the chance to work with such a great team.我对有机会与这么棒的团队合作心存感激。
She is thankful for the support from her family during hard times.她对家人在困难时期的支持心存感激。
I am thankful to my teacher for her patience and encouragement.我对老师的耐心和鼓励心存感激。
We are thankful to the volunteers for their hard work. 我们对志愿者的辛勤工作心存感激。
31. patient 的用法
1). adj.有耐心的；能忍耐的
You'll have to be patient with my mother she's going rather deaf.
你对我母亲得有耐心，她的耳朵越来越背了
My father is very patient when he teaches me math. 我爸爸教我数学时非常有耐心。
2). n.病人
The hospital can hold over 5,000 patients. 这家医院可以容纳超过5000名病人。
32. taste 等感官动词
feelv. 感觉 look 看起来 smell [smel] v.闻起来
sound [sa nd] v.听起来 taste[te st] v. 尝起来
taste 的用法：
1）n. 味觉；味道；尝试；品味；爱好
The medicine has a bitter taste. 这药有苦味。
In fact, I have a good taste in dress.事实上,我对时装很有眼光。
2). v. 品尝；有 ... 味道的；体验
That's the best wine I've ever tasted. 那是我喝过的最好的酒。

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