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外研社七上英语（2024新版）笔记： Unit3
1. family 用法
family 作主语时，若强调“整个家庭”，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调“家庭成员”，谓语动词用复数形式。
His family is big. His family all like reading. 他的家庭很大。他的家人都喜欢阅读。
2. strict adj. 严格的，严厉的
搭配：
be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格
Our manager is very strict with us. 我们的经理对我们要求很严格。
be strict about sth. 对某事要求严格
My mom is very strict about my homework. 我妈妈对我作业的要求非常严格。
3. stand for 代表，表示
The color red often stands for love and passion. 红色通常代表爱和激情。
The dove stands for peace in many cultures. 在许多文化中，鸽子代表和平。
What does this kind of flower stand for 这种花代表什么？
4. remind 提醒；使想起
搭配：remind sb. of... 提醒某人关于......; 使某人想起......
The old photo reminded him of his childhood. 这张旧照片让他想起了他的童年。
The teacher reminded us of the importance of studying. 老师提醒我们学习的重要性。
5. serve 为......工作； 服务；侍候； 供职
She serves in a restaurant. 她在一家餐馆工作。
The waiter is serving another customer. 服务员正在接待另一位客人。
搭配： serve as 担任 (充当；起 ... 的作用)
The man served as a teacher for many years. 那个男人担任教师多年。
词性转换：service n. 服务 servant n. 仆人，佣人
6. absent adj. 不在的，缺席的
be absent from 不在......, 缺席......
He was absent from school yesterday. 他昨天没去上学。
absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的
She was absent-minded during the exam and made many mistakes.她考试时心不在焉，犯了很多错误。
7. seldom adv. 很少，罕见，不常
He seldom eats breakfast. 他很少吃早餐。
We seldom meet each other. 我们很少见面。
8. marry v. 结婚；娶；嫁
1). marry sb. 嫁给某人；娶某人
She decided to marry the man she loved. 她决定嫁给她所爱的男人。
She is going to marry her boyfriend next year. 她打算明年嫁给她的男朋友。
2). get/be married to sb. 与某人结婚
He got married to his secretary three years ago. 他三年前跟他的秘书结了婚。
He was married to a friend of mine. 他和我的一个朋友结了婚。
They got married last week. 他们上周结了婚。
3). marry sb. to sb. 把某人嫁给某人；为某人娶某人
They married their daughter to a successful businessman. 他们把女儿嫁给了一位成功的商人。
9. alive adj. 仍然存在的; 活着的
Are your grandparents still alive 你的祖父母还在世吗？
keep... alive 保持...活着；维持...活跃
keep a tradition alive 继承传统
How can old traditions be kept alive (= continued) 传统习俗如何保留下来
10. 辨析： live, alive, lively, living的用法区别
1) live
① [l v] v. 居住，生活
People cannot live without air. 没有空气，人们就不能生存。
Where do you live 你住在哪儿？
Many elderly people live an idle life. 许多老年人过着悠闲的生活。
② [la v] adj. 活的（通常指物，不指人） adj./adv. 直播的/地
live animals 活的动物
live show 现场表演
live streaming 视频直播（实时流）
The concert will be live on TV tonight. 今晚的音乐会将在电视上直播。
We went to a live show last night and it was amazing. 我们昨晚去看了一场现场表演，太精彩了。
The cat is playing with a live mouse. 猫在戏弄那只活老鼠。
2).alive adj. 仍然存在的；活着的
通常用于人或动物，强调生命的存在。alive是一个表语形容词，作定语时必须放在被修饰的名词之后 。
a man alive 一个活着的人
She is the only person alive in the accident. 她是事故中唯一活着的人。
My grandfather is 95 years old and still alive. 我的祖父95岁了，仍然活着。
3). lively ['la vli] adj. 充满活力的；生气勃勃的；活泼的/活跃的, 栩栩如生的
Tom is both outgoing and lively. Tom 性格开朗而又活泼。
They had a lively discussion at the meeting. 他们在会议上进行了一场热烈的讨论。
4). living ：动词live的现在分词
① adj. 正在活着的, 有生命的
He was the greatest living novelist in England. 他是英国活着的最伟大的小说家。
Every living thing needs food. 每一个活着的东西都需要食物。
注意：the living 表示“活着的人们”
The living must finish the work of those dead. 活着的人必须完成那些死去的人的事业。
② n. 生活；生计
make/earn a living 谋生
living standard 生活水平
They are struggling to make a living. 他们努力谋生。
What do you do for a living 你以什么谋生？
小练笔：用 alive, lively, living, live 填空
Miss Chen’s English is _______.
He is a great _______ writer in China.
This year’s Beijing Music Awards will be covered ______ on Sunshine TV this Saturday. 今年北京音乐奖的颁奖典礼将会在阳光电视台进行现场直播。
Don’t cry. The little dog is still ______.
答案分别为：lively; living; live; alive
11.finish v. 完成，做完
finish doing sth. 完成做某事
I need to finish reading this book before the exam. 我需要在考试前读完这本书。
12. refuse v. 拒绝，回绝
refuse sb./sth. 拒绝某人/某物
She refused the gift from her friend. 她拒绝了她朋友的礼物。
refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
He refused to pay the bill. 他拒绝支付账单。
13. with 结构作后置定语
with 作后置定语，意思通常是“带有”、“具有”或“伴随”。
I have a friend with long curly hair. 我有一个长着卷发的朋友。
The room was dark with only a small window. 这个房间很暗，只有一个小小的窗户。
The house has a beautiful garden with many flowers. 这座房子有一个美丽的花园，花园里有很多花。
14. without 没有，无
The man came in without knocking on the door. 这个人没有敲门就进来了。
He left the house without saying goodbye. 他没有说再见就离开了家。
She finished her homework without any help. 她没有帮助就完成了作业。
15. pick up 捡起; （开车）接人；接电话
Please pick up your toys and put them away. 请捡起你的玩具并把它们放好。
Will Linda come back today Let me pick her up. 琳达今天会回来吗？让我开车去接他吧。
The lady heard the ring and picked up the phone. 那位女士听到铃声， 接听了电话。
16. 由more 构成的比较级：
对于多音节形容词和部分双音节形容词来说，要借助于more 来构成比较级。
Health is more important than money. 健康比金钱更重要。
17. not... at all “一点也不，根本不”， 表示语气强烈的否定。
I don't like this game at all. 我一点也不喜欢这个游戏。
I went to the zoo, but I didn't have fun at all. 我去动物园了，但我玩得一点儿都不开心。
18. each other 互相；各自
The twins always share toys with each other. 这对双胞胎总是互相分享玩具。
The teacher asked us to help each other. 老师要我们互相帮助。
19. dress v. 打扮；穿衣；穿着；给（某人）穿衣
搭配：
① dress up as ... 打扮成...
He wanted to dress up as Father Christmas. 他想要打扮成圣诞老人。
② dress up 打扮，穿上盛装
The girls all dressed up to take part in the evening party.姑娘们全都打扮起来去参加晚会。
③ dress oneself 给自己穿衣服
The little boy is learning to dress himself. 这个小男孩正在学习自己穿衣服。
④ dress sb. 给某人穿衣服
His mother dresses him every morning. 他的妈妈每天早上给他穿衣服。
20. silent adj. 不作声的；安静的
The old house was quite silent. 这所旧房子非常寂静。
搭配：keep silent 保持沉默
Please keep silent during the exam. 请在考试期间保持沉默。
词性转换：silence n. 沉默 silently adv. 默默地
21. with the help of ... 在......的帮助下
He passed the exam with the help of his classmates.在同学们的帮助下，他通过了考试。
With the help of technology, we can communicate with people all over the world. 在科技的帮助下，我们可以与世界各地的人交流。
22. between 与 among
1). between 表示在两者之间，通常和 and 搭配
She sat between John and Mary at the table.
between 可以表示地点或方位，还可以表示时间和年龄等。
Children must attend school between 5 and 16. 5至16岁的孩子必须上学。
The meeting is between 3:00 and 5:00. 会议在3点和5点之间。
2). among 表示在三者或三者以上的人或物之间。通常和表示笼统数量的可数名词的复数搭配
I live among the mountains. 我住在群山之中。
Among all the books, this is the most interesting one. 在所有的书中，这是最有趣的一本。
Tom is the tallest boy among us. 汤姆是我们当中个子最高的男孩。
23. before 在......之前
You should knock at the door before you go into my room. 在进入我的房间之前，你应该先敲门。
You should wash your hands before eating. 在吃饭之前，你应该洗手。
24. result n. 结果，后果
He is indifferent to the result of the exam. 他对考试结果漠不关心。
The harder you study, the better result (结果）you will get. 你学习越努力，成绩就会越好。
as a result 结果；因此
I started eating more vegetables. As a result, I feel healthier. 我开始多吃蔬菜，结果我感觉更健康了。
Tom worked very hard at all his lessons. As a result, she became the top student in his class. 汤姆对所有的功课都非常用功。因此，他成了班上的尖子生。
25. cross, across, through 辨析
1). cross 与 across 区别起来很简单，仅从词性区别即可。
cross 为动词， across 为介词
go/walk across= cross
It's very dangerous for children to cross the busy street. 孩子们来说,穿过车来车往的街道很危险。
2). across 与 through
across 表示横穿 （从平面穿过），through 则表示穿过（从空间穿）
Before walking across the street in England, you must look right first. 在英国过马路之前，你必须先看右边。
Don’t go across the street. The light is red now.
A delicious smell came in through the window. 一股香味从窗户飘进来。
The train is going through the tunnel. 火车正在穿过隧道。
26. loud, aloud 与 loudly 辨析
1). aloud: 只用作副词，意为"出声地”， 即将声音发出，以便让人听见。无比较级和最高级。
read aloud 朗读
The teacher listened to the children reading aloud. 老师听着孩子们朗读。
Speak aloud, do not whisper, if you want people to hear you. 如果你想要人家听到，就大点声说，别轻声细语的。
同cry, shout, laugh 等动词连用，表示“大声地” 时，三者可互换。
2). loudly 为形容词 loud 的常用副词，它只作副词，意为“ 响亮地；大声地” 。无比较级和最高级。
The audience laughed loudly at the joke. 观众听到这笑话大笑起来。
Don't talk so loudly. You're disturbing the others. 不要那么大声音说话，你打扰到其他人了。
3). loud 可作形容词和副词，意为“大声的/地”，“响亮的/地”，指声音强度大，传得远。它有比较级 "louder" 和最高级 "loudest"。
Don't talk so loud. You'll wake the whole street. 不要这么大声，你会把所有街坊都吵醒的。
All of this loud music is driving me up the wall. 这吵闹的音乐快令我发疯了。
He spoke in a very loud voice. 他说话声音很大。
总结： "aloud"、"loudly" 和 "loud" 都可以与某些动词连用，但它们的侧重点不同。"aloud" 强调的是声音的发出，而 "loudly" 和 "loud" 强调的是声音的响度。在实际使用中，"loudly" 和 "loud" 可以互换，但 "aloud" 通常不与 "loudly" 或 "loud" 互换。
"loud" 作为形容词时，通常放在名词前，如 "a loud noise"（一个响亮的噪音）。
"loud" 作为副词时，通常用来修饰动词，如 "He spoke loud enough to be heard"（他说话声音足够大，能被听见）。
27. touching adj. 动人的；感人的
This is the most touching story I have ever heard. 这是我听到过的最动人的故事。
touched adj. 感动的
I was very touched by their present.
I was touched by the kindness of the strangers who helped me. 陌生人的善良让我感动。
28. take over v. 接收；接管；接任；承袭
After his father retired, he decided to take over the family business. 他父亲退休后，他决定接管家族企业。
The new manager will take over the project next week. 新经理将在下周接管这个项目。
29. position n. 位置；职位；立场；状态
The position of manager is still open. 经理职位仍然空缺。
Can you find our position on this map 你能在这幅地图上找到我们的位置吗
The company is in a difficult position now. 这家公司现在正处于困难境况。
30. growth n.增长；生长；发展；种植
The company's growth has been steady over the past decade. 这家公司在过去十年里稳步增长。
The growth of the city has led to increased traffic and pollution. 城市的增长导致了交通和污染的增加。
31. find a way out vi. 找到出路
a way out 摆脱(困难)的方法
When we got lost in the forest, we had to find a way out. 当我们在森林里迷路时，我们得找到一条出路。
After failing the test, he was looking for a way out to improve his grades. 考试没通过后，他正在寻找提高成绩的方法。
32. for the first time 初次； 首次
I went to the science museum for the first time last weekend. 上周末，我第一次去了科学博物馆。
For the first time, I knew how hard it was to be a parent. 我第一次体会道了做父母的艰辛。
33. memory n. 记忆力；回忆；记忆；[计]存储
1). 记忆力
He has a good visual memory. 他有良好的视觉记忆力。
2). 记忆，回忆
The old photo brought back many fond memories of our childhood. 这张老照片唤起了我们童年的许多美好回忆。
3). 存储器
This computer has a 256K memory. 这台计算机的内存是256K。
34. relationship n. 关系；联系
He has a good relationship with his classmates.
Is there any relationship between them 它们之间有联系吗
35. in order to 为了
In order to solve problems in family, you can turn to your parents. 为了解决家庭问题，你可以向父母求助。
We saved money for months in order to buy a new computer. 我们存了好几个月的钱，为了买一台新电脑。
注意：in order to" 和 "to" 都可以用来表示目的
36. turn to 求助于； 转向
When he couldn't solve the problem, he turned to the internet for answers. 当他解决不了问题时，他转向互联网寻找答案。
She turned to her friends when she needed emotional support. 当她需要情感支持时，她转向了她的朋友们。
37. matter
1). v. 有关系；要紧
Does it matter what you do next 你下一步所做的事关系重大吗
It doesn't matter if we're a few minutes late, the meeting hasn't started yet. 我们迟到几分钟没关系，会议还没开始。
2). n.事情 ,问题
What’s the matter with you 你怎么了？
I don't talk with my boss about my private matters. 我不和我的老板谈私事。
38. 英语中的四个“的”
1). 汤姆的朋友：Tom's friend （有生命, 用's)
Teachers’ Day 教师节
2). 中国的地图：the map of China （无生命，用of)
3). 门的钥匙：the key to the door (一一对应，用 to)
4). 她的朋友：her friend ( 形容词性物主代词）
注意：
a. 表示时间、距离、地点的无生命的事物也可以用's
时间： 一天的旅行 one day's trip
距离：一个小时的车程 an hour's drive
地点：这座城市的花园 the city's parks
b. Lucy’s and Lily’s bikes 露西的和李丽的自行车（各自所有）
Alice and Lily’s bedroom 艾丽丝和莉莉的卧室 （共同所有）

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