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八省八校2025届高三部分重点中学12月联合测评英语试题
考试时间:2024年12 月13 日8:00-10: 00 试卷满分：150分 考试用时：120分钟
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是C.
1. Where are the speakers going
A. A restaurant. B. Their home. C. The shopping mall.
2. How will the woman get home today
A. By bus. B. By car. C. By train.
3. What does Robert want
A. A new jacket. B. A new sweater. C. A pair of new pants.
4. In which department does Ben work now
A. Sales. B. Marketing. C. Engineering.
5. What is the man doing
A. Asking the woman for advice.
B. Expressing his dissatisfaction.
C. Trying to make an appointment.
第二节 (共15 小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第 6、7题。
6. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. A house. B. A photo. C. A painting.
7. Where did the man find the thing
A. In his house. B. At a hospital. C. In an art gallery.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What does the man want the woman to do
A. Watch a movie. B. Read a book. C. Play basketball.
9. Why does the woman refuse the man's offer
A. She is tired. B. She is upset. C. She is sick.
10. What will the man do
A. Buy drinks. B. Play basketball, C. Go cycling.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Who is the Best Car Design Prize winner
A. Mr. Zarba. B. Ms. Miller. C. Mr. Giddings.
12. What do we know about the Best Car Design competition
A. It was very fierce.
B. There were few competitors.
C. The winner will receive much money.
13. Where is the Hyatt Hotel
A. Across from a bank.
B. Opposite a department store.
C. On the left side of Granville Avenue.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What was the purpose of Mrs. Whinfield's visits to Kew Gardens
A. To learn more about plants.
B. To meet the writers she read.
C. To write an article on gardens.
15. Where did Mrs. Whinfield live before she moved to her present home
A. Dorset. B. Somerset. C. West London.
16. Where does Mrs. Whinfield get most of her plants
A. She grows them from seeds.
B. She buys them from a market.
C. She gets them from her friends.
17. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers
A. Tourist and gardener.
B. Professor and student.
C. Reporter and interviewee.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. When did Zhu Liwei start to photograph readers on the subway
A. In 2018. B. In 2019. C. In 2020,
19. Why does Zhu Liwei photograph readers from behind
A. To show her great skills.
B. To protect their privacy.
C. To make the photos look special.
20. What does Zhu Liwei plan to do
A. Encourage more people to read on the subway.
B. Interview some people about their reading habits.
C. Photograph readers on the subways in other cities.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Prices have been rising rapidly in cities across the world, driving the cost of living higher than ever before. But not everywhere has been impacted équally. For travelers, these places can offer the same big-city convenient facilities at a much lower cost of living. Lisbon, Portugal
As the least-expensive city in Western Europe, according to the EIU rankings, Lisbon has been a hot
spot for travelers in recent years. Mercedes Zach recommends exploring the bohemian(波西米亚式的) Bairro Alt o neighbourhood to uncover street art, city views and sunset gatherings with locals. The Roman Theatre
Museum gives a glimpse into the city's Roman past, with preserved theatre ruins.
Toronto, Canada
Canadian cities to the north continue to remain lower in the cost-of-living rankings. Of all the Canadian
cities ranked, Toronto ranks the most affordable. Toronto resident Stephanie Ciccarelli recommends city sightseeing via boat cruise on Lake Ontario, or visiting the Hockey Hall of Fame.
Tokyo, Japan
Moving three down the index(指标) this year and ranking 60 overall, Tokyo continues to be Japan's
most expensive city yet is now more affordable than, fellow Asian clties like Singapore and Hong Kong. Tokyo resident Masa Yamamoto encourages ' tourists to wander around the urban garden and public art displays at the newly developed Azabudai Hills neighbourhood for free. For a new perspective on the city, he recommends the contemporary art Mori Art Museum and its connected Tokyo City View, which offers a view of the city
from 250 m above sea level for just 2,000 yen.
21. Which attraction can give you brief insights into the city's history
A. The Hockey Hall of Fame. B. The Mori Art Museum.
C. The Roman Theatre Museum. D. The Bairro Alt o neighbourhood.
22. What tourist highlights are shared by Lisbon and Tokyo
A. City views and artistic appeal. B. Street markets and urban parks.
C. Historical ruins and museums. D. Local customs and landmarks.
23. What is the primary focus of this passage
A. Affordable big cities for travelers.
B. EIU ranking of cost-effective cities.
C. The rapid rise in global living expenses.
D. Cities known for their high cost of living.
B
Adams Cassinga has had many identities: refugee(难民); journalist, mining consultant. And now, defender
of wildlife.’
As a child, he was fascinated by animals— gorillas living in the forests outside his hometown of
Bukavu in the Democratic Republic of the Corigo (DRC)—büt his path to conservation was winding. His father, who feared Adams would be taken as a child soldier, sent him to South Africa. In Johannesburg, Adams
learnt to survive on the streets while teaching himself English in public libraries. After he was granted official refugee status, he studied journalism and landed his first job working for a local newspaper. While working
as an investigative reporter in 2006, Adams was shot three times! Adami s changed career paths again, this time to work in the profitable mining industry in South Africa. In this role, he returned years later to the DRC to visit gold mines.
One day, while flying to a gold mine in northeastern Congo, Adams saw the. wounds of mining operations on the lush forest landscape. He began to think about the beauty of his country's wild places and the struggle to protect them. After volunteering as an honorary ranger(护林人), Adams took his wildlife mission one big step further, founding Consery Congo in 2017. Conserv Congo fights-illegal hunting - and - trafficking(非法交易) through undercover investigations in pursuit of criminals in the illegal wildlife tráde. With a
team of volunteers including police officers, politicians and students'; Adams steals into trafficking networks and conducts organized traps with the authorities.
Adains places gre t value in winning over the heart's and minds of the police officers he works with.
“They need to understand the reason behind what we do. We have to transfórm them into nature lovers. They can only protect what they know and love,” he says: It also partners with multiple national parks, helping
prevent illegal hunting, training volunteers to patrol the parks with rangers, and buying uniforms and other
supplies for rangers. To date, the non-profit has worked on more than 6,000 criminal cases, rescued hundreds of trafficked animals from chimps to parrots, and seized tons of ivory and pangolin scales.
24. What did Adams go through when he arrived in South Africa
A. Civil war. B. Culture shock.
C. Language barrier. D. Regional discrimination.
25. What motivated Adams to start out on the path of conservation
A. The beautiful scenery of the forest.
B. The deep affection for wild animals.
C. The gold mine in northeastern Congo.
D. The forest destruction caused by mining.
26. What is Adams trying to achieve in partnership with the police officers
A. A uniform rule for, national parks.
B. A comprehensive supply for rangers.
C. A scientific system of training volunteers.
D.. A. transformation in attitude towards nature.
27: Which words can best describe Adams
A. Rigid and reserved. B. Active and committed.
C. Adaptable and humorous; D. Humble and diligent.
C
It goes without saying that hard physical labor wears you out, but what about hard mental labor
“Influential theories suggested that fatigue(疲惫) is' a sort of illüsi ri' cooked up by the brain to
make us stop whatever we are doing and turn to a more gratifying activity,” says Mathias Pessiglione of Pitié-Salpêtri ère ' University in Paris, France. “But our findings show that cognitive work results in a true functional transformation— accumulation of toxic substances—— so fatigue would indeed be a signal that makes us stop working but for a different purpose: to preserve the integrity of brain functioning.”
Pessiglione and colleagues wanted to understand what mental fatigue really is. They used magnetic
resonance spectroscopy(MRS) to monitor brain chemistry over the course of a workday. They studied two
groups of people: those who needed to think hard and those who had relatively simple cognitive tasks.
They saw signs of fatigue, only in the group doing hard mental work. Those in that group also exhibited in their choices a change toward options proposing rewards at short delay with minimal effort. Critically,
they also had higher levels of glutamate(谷氨酸) in the brain's prefrontal cortex(前额皮质). Together with
earlier evidence, the scientists say it supports the hypothesis that glutamate accumulation makes further activation of the prefrontal cortex more costly, such that cognitive control is more' difficult after a mentally tough workday.
So, is there some way to overcome this limitation of our braih's ability to think hard “Not really, I'm afraid,” Pessiglione said. “I would riploy good old recipes: rest and sleep! There is good evidence that glutamate is removed from the brain during sleep.”
There may be other practical implications of the findings. For example, the researchers say, monitoring of prefrontal cortex could help to detect severe mental fatigue. Such an ability may help adjust work agendas to avoid burnout. Pessiglione also advises people to avoid making important decisions when they' re tired.
28. What does the underlined word“gratifying” in Paragraph 1 mean
A. Relaxing. B. Complex. C. Temporary, D. Rewarding.
29. What does the group performing hard mental work exhibit in the study
A. Fewer signs of mental fatigue.
B. Greater motivation and effort.
C. Higher efficiency in complex tasks.
D. Stronger preference for immediate rewards.
30. What do we know about glutamate accumulation
A. It causes a sense of peaceful mind.
B. It enhances brain function in a limited way.
C. It signals the brain is emptying its mental energy.
D. It decreases the cost of prefrontal cortex activation.
31. What is Pessiglione's advice for those overwhelmed by mentally ' demanding tasks
A. Remove them from the work agenda.
B. Reduce the complexity of all cognitive tasks.
C. Schedule strategic breaks to allow for. recovery.
D. Apply technology to monitoring the brain activity.
D
Confirmation bias refers to people's tendency to seek out information that supports their existing beliefs. While it's usually subconscious, its impacts are significant. It can cloud people's judgement and decision-making processes.
One explanation for confirmation bias is that it is an efficient way to process information. Humans' are constantly fed with information and cannot possibly take the time to carefully process
each piece. It is adaptive for humans to rely on subconscious', autòmatic judgements that contribute to the efficiency. Another reason why people show còrifirmation bias is to protect their self-worth. People like to feel good about themselves, and discovering a belief they highly value is incorrect makes them feel bad about themselves. Therefore, confirmation bias will encourage them to disrégard the information contrary to their belief.
Researclres show that confirmation bias is strong and widespread. In studies examining my-side bias, people were able to generate and remember more reasons supporting their side of a controversial issue than the opposing side. Only when a researcher directly asked people to generate arguments against their own beliefs were they able to do so. It is not that people are incapable of generating arguments that are contrary to their beliefs, but, rather, people are not motivated to do so.
Confirmation bias also surfaces in interpersonal communication. When interacting with people who perceivers think have certain personalities; the perceivers: will ask questions that are biased toward supporting the perceivers' beliefs. If a new roommate is èxpected to be friendly and outgoing, Maria may ask her if she likes to go to parties rather than asking if she often studies in the library.
Confirmation bias may lead to incomplete and misinterpreted understanding of an issue or topic, as crucial information may be overlooked or dismissed. Thu , to avoid it, people are supposed to· diversify the sources of information accessed as seeking multiple perspectives brings a broader understanding of the subject matter and allows for well- rounded decision-making. Another way is to actively challenge the bias by questioning assumptions and relying on evidence rather than personal opinions, which helps us consciously recognize informational biases and minimize their impact.
32. Why de people show confirmation bias
A. To help maintain their dignity.B. To prevent shallow judgements.
C. To handle complex information.D. To develop their logical reasoning.
33. What did the studies in Paragraph 3 find
A. People couldn't produce arguments against their belief.
B. Information supporting people's belief often won preference,
C. It took considerable motivation to face controversial issues.
D. People focused on information concerning the opposing side.
34. How does the writer illustrate confirmation bias in communication
A. By making comparison. B. By giving an example.
C. By introducing a study. D. By defining a concept.
35. What is the passage mainly about
A. The role of my-side bias in enhancing people's. own beliefs.
B. The effects of information overload on decision-making process.
C. The impact of confirmation bias on interpersonal communication.
D. Understanding of confirmation bias and strategies to overcome it.
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为.多余选项。
Hobbies are more than just a fun way to kill the time. A widespread and harmful misunderstanding is that engaging in hobbies mirrors a· lack of self-discipline. 36 In fact, hobbies can provide essential balance in our lives and enhance overall well-being. The benefits you obtain will depend on your hobby— taking up jogging, for instance, will benefit your cardiovascular(心血管的) health more than, say, crossword puzzles, which may improve your cognitive health. The point is that nearly all hobbies can provide measurable positive health benefits.
If we regularly spend time on hobbies, we usually enjoy a higher level of fitness. 37 A 2023 comprehensive analysis of multiple studies found strong evidence that engaging in leisure activities can improve health by protecting against heart disease and age-related physical decline. The report, published in the journal Lancet Psychiatry, found that for people who were suffering from a chronic(慢性的) illness, doing a hobby helped them manage their symptoms and even slowed the progression of their illness. But another of the researchers’ findings is perhaps the most striking: the strong relationship between doing leisure activities and increased longevity(长寿). 38 It found that older adults have a19% lower risk of disease-related death when they engage in regular leisure activities.
39 They are vital to sustaining our mental health. People who made a conscious effort each day to spend time doing hobbies(no matter what they were) showed an average boost of 8% in well-being and a 10% drop in stress and anxiety, according to a 2023 study published in the Journal of Personality. “On a fundamental level, humans need meaning, something that gives them a sense of purpose. 40 ” says Dr. Hafeez,
who has led several massive studies on hobbies. “Engaging in what you enjoy greatly enhances your well-being.”
With all these visible benefits of hobbies, why not just make time for activities that bring you joy and fulfillment every day
A. The science backs this up.
B. Hobbies make us happier.
C. You gain a lot from hobbies.
D. Nothing could be further from the truth.
E. The more you engage in hobbies, the longer you will live.
F. A different study conducted last year confirmed the impact.
G. And being able to pursue your passion really contributes to that.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
If there's one crucial lesson that Tara Snyder, a seasoned(有经验的) mail carrier for the U. S. Postal Service, reveals to every new 41 , it's this:“Even if a dog seems friendly for 364 days of the year, they can still have a bad day— and bite.”
Snyder speaks from 42 . In April 2024, while completing her usual route in Pennsylvania, she 43 a resident's door to obtain a signature for a piece of mail. 44 she had time to react, a 70-pound dog charged out of the house and attacked her hand. She 45 to protect herself with her mailbag, but it was too late. “It 46 my hand open pretty severely,” she recalls. The injury required 17 stitches, a round of antibiotics, and three weeks off work to recover.
This wasn't the first or last 47 between Snyder and aggressive dogs at that residence. On a separate occasion, another dog 48 her on the porch, though fortunately, she wasn't bitten that time. The incident has 49 Animal Control to investigate the owners, and the Postal Service is taking every 50 to protect its mail carriers. Sadly, Snyder's story is far from 51 : according to Postal Service data, there were 5,800 reported dog-related incidents involving postal workers in 2023.
This brings us to the 52 paw-print stickers you may have noticed on mailboxes. An orange sticker 53 a dog resides at that address, while a yellow sticker shows that a dog lives nearby. The 54 was to warn Postal Service employees and other delivery workers to remain alert(警惕的), 55 around dogs with a known history of negative reactions to mail carriers.
41. A. employer B. customer C. trainee D. neighbour
42. A. experience B. capability C. knowledge D. profession
43. A. kicked B. opened C. blocked D. approached
44. A. Until B. Before C. Since D. Immediately
45. A. failed B. managed C. attempted D. resolved
46. A. pushed B. tore C. threw D. speared
47. A. bond B. encounter C. disagreement D.competition
48. A. cornered B. discouraged C. squeezed D. accompanied
49. A. urged B. empowered C. directed D. persuaded
50. A. turn B. energy C. measure D. course
51. A. unique B. simple C.common D. frequent
52. A. plain B. sketched C. faded D. colored
53. A. hides B. signals C. flashes D. introduces
54. A. prospect B. occupation C. expectation D. intention
55. A. especially B. reasonably C. occasionally D. constantly
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a forest on the outskirts of Nanjing, China, 58-year-old real-estate 56 (develop) Lu Jun, has his pride and joy: the Sifang Art Museum, a21,528-square-foot art space comprised of numerous 57 (function) spaces, as well as permanent and temporary exhibition venues.
The museum 58 (form) by a field of parallel(平行的) perspective spaces and garden walls in black bamboo-formed concrete over which a light“figure” hovers. The straight passages on the ground level gradually turn into the 59 (wind) passage of the figure above. The upper gallery, 60 (suspend) high in the air, unwraps in a clockwise turning order and ends at“in-position” viewing of the city of Nanjing in the distance.
The courtyard is paved with Old Hutong bricks recycled 61 the destroyed courtyards in the center of Nanjing. Limiting the colors of the museum to black and white matches it to the ancient buildings in the city, and 62 (give) a background to the artwork to be exhibited within.
The Sifang Parkland is about the experience. The site is a living, ever-evolving project that waits 63 (experience) personally, as each visit will give a different, individual journey. Art and architecture
exist harmoniously with nature here, and visitors can not only experience contemporary architectural spaces and art works, 64 seek spiritual satisfaction away from the maddening noise of urban centers.
China's wealthy people like Mr. Lu are underwriting 65 major cultural boom, spending billions of yuan on grand buildings to showcase impressive collections of art, antiques and other cultural rarities.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
假定你是李华，在英国一所中学做交换生。你在该校举办的“Showcase the Cultural Charm of Your Nation”艺术创作大赛上获得了一等奖。请你写一篇获奖感言，内容包括：
1.介绍你的作品；
2.自己的感想。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为 80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear teachers and friends,
第二节 (满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My brother Jack was so smart that he earned a full scholarship to Harvard. I often wished he wasn't so perfect because it made me feel like I had to work twice as hard just to prove myself to others. On one hand, his success was a challenge that I enjoyed, but on the other hand, it was an immense pressure that I struggled to cope with.
To balance his record in high school, I felt like I was constantly running on a treadmill(跑步机), dedicating
every moment to a non-stop race. There was no room for relaxation as I pursued that perfect record. My life seemed to be compressed into a series of endless tasks and deadlines.
“I needed an A,” I repeated to myself before the biology test, so that I would maintain my perfect record and secure a place on the honor roll. I studied till the last minute of lunch and rushed to class. I felt a sense of confidence as I glanced over the first page of the test, quickly filling in the answers with a smile. However, as I turned to the last page, my mind went blank. Time ticked by, and soon, the classroom began to empty as students finished their tests and left, except me. “Lara, class ended. I need you to hand in your test,” Mrs. Phloem said, stretching out her hand. Reluctantly, I handed her the test paper.
The next day, I received my test back. I stared dumbfounded at the red mark: 76. Not even a B minus, my
mind screamed. Just average. It's over. No perfect record. I felt an unprecedented(前所未有的) sense of frustration and disappointment. After school, I dragged my heavy feet back home. When I pushed open the door, Jack was sitting on the couch, reading. Seeing his leisurely state, I cried, hard to contain the jealousy and sadness in my heart.
Jack immediately noticed the depression on my face. He asked with concern,“What's wrong, Lara ” Blinded by
frustration mixed with a touch of jealousy, I shouted at him“How I wish you were not so perfect!”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1: With a hint of hurt and surprise in his eyes, Jack gently approached me.
Paragraph2: His words were like a warm breeze, blowing my depression away and changing my mindset. _
2025届高三部分重点中学 12月联合测评
英语试题
参考答案及多维细目表
第一部分 听力
1—5 BAABC 6—10 CBAAB
11—15 CABAC 16—20 CC:ABC
第二部分 阅读
第一节
21—23 CAA 24—27 CDDB
28—31 ADCC 32—35 ABBI)
【A篇大意】本文是一篇介绍性说明文。文章列举了在全球物价普遍上涨的背景下，生活成本相对较低，却拥有完善便利设施的三个大城市：葡萄牙的里斯本、加拿大的多伦多和日本的东京，并为有意前往的旅行者提供了实用的旅行推荐。
21. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“The Roman Theatre Museum gives a glimpse into the city's Roman past, with preserved theatre ruins.”可知,通过游览 the Roman Theatre Museum,游客可以对罗马这座城市的历史有所了解。
22. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“Mercedes Zach recommends exploring the bohemian Bairro Alt o neighbourhood to uncover street art. city views and sunset gatherings with locals.”以及第四段第二句中的“public art displays at the newly developed Azabudai Hills neighbourhood for free”和第三句中的“which offers a view of the city from250 m above sea level for just 2,000 yen”可知,游客在里斯本和东京两座城市都可以既欣赏城.市景观，又可以感受艺术魅力。
23. A 【解析】主旨大意题。本文旨在列举目前在全球范围内，生活成本相对较低，同时拥有完善便利设施的三个大城市供旅行者参考，并为旅行者提供了实用的旅行推荐。
【B篇大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Adams Cassinga从难民到野生动物保护者,创立“保护刚果”组织，通过卧底调查打击非法狩猎和野生动物交易，致力于保护刚果的自然环境和野生动物。
24. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的第三句“In Johannesburg. Adams learnt to survive on the streets while teaching himself English in public libraries.”可知, Adams 在约翰内斯堡时学会了在街头生存，同时在公共图书馆自学英语。因此，可推断出他刚到南非时面临着语言障碍。
25. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句和第二句可知，Adams在飞往刚果东北部的一个金矿时，看到了采矿作业对茂密森林景观的破坏，于是开始思考保护国家野生动植物的重要性。因此，采矿导致的森林破坏促使 Adams走上了保护野生动植物之路。
26. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“They need to understand the reason behind what we do. We have to transform them into nature lovers. They can only protect what they know and love...”可知. Adams 与警察合作的目标是尽力改变他们对自然的态度，让他们成为自然爱好者，从而更积极地参与保护工作。
27. B 【解析】推理判断题。 文章描述了 Adams Cassinga 作为野生动物保护者的经历，他经历了多种身份的转变，最终致力于保护刚果的自然环境和野生动物。他创立“保护刚果”组织，通过卧底调查打击非法狩猎和野生动物交易，并与警方、国家公园等多方合作，积极展开保护工作。 这表明 Adams是一个积极行动、意志坚定尽心尽力投入保护行动的人。
【C篇大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了脑力疲惫是什么，脑力疲惫产生时大脑皮层里会发生哪些变化，以及应该采取哪些措施来应对脑力疲惫。
28. A 【解析】词义猜测题。 根据第一段中的“Influential theories suggested that fatigue is a sort of illusion cooked up by the brain to make us stop whatever we are doing and turn to a
more gratifying activity ...”可知,当身体感到疲惫时，大脑会让我们停下手里的工作，转向“轻松的”活动。
29. D 【解析】细节理解题。 根据第三段中的“Those in that group also exhibited in their choices a change toward options proposing rewards at short delay with minimal effort.”可知，实验中从事艰苦脑力劳动的小组会倾向于以最小努力在短时间内获得奖励的选择。
30. C 【解析】推理判断题 根据第三段的最后一句 “Together with earlier evidence. the scientists say . it supports the hypothesis that glutamate accumulation makes further activation of the prefrontal cortex more costly. such that cognitive control is more difficult after a mentally tough workday.”可知,出现在大脑前额皮质的谷氨酸使前额皮质进一步激活的成本更高(更费力)，因此在脑力紧张的工作日之后，认知控制变得更加困难。 因此，可推知谷氨酸的积累标志着大脑正在耗尽精神能量。
31. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中 Pessiglione 所说的“I would employ good old recipes: rest and sleep! There is good evidence that glutamate is removed fróm the brain during sleep.”可知,睡眠和休息非常重要。因此.可推知 Pessiglione建议那些不堪脑力要求高的任务的人要合理安排休息时间。
【I)篇大意】本文是一篇说明文。确认偏见是指人们倾向于寻找支持自身信念的信息，进而影响判断与决策。为了克服确认偏见，应使信息来源多样化并主动质疑假设，提升理解和判断能力。
32. A 【解析】细节理解题。 根据第二段中的“Another reason why people show confirmation bias is to protect their self-worth.”可知,人们是为了保护自己的自尊而呈现出确认偏见。
33. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“people were able to generate and remember more reasons supporting their side of a controversial issue than the opposing side”可知,人们在面对复杂问题的时候，会偏向那些支持他们立场的信息而不是与他们的立场相对立的信息。
34. B 【解析】写作手法题。第四段主要讲述确认偏见在人际交往中的体现，最后给出例子“If anew roommate is expected to be friendly and outgoing, Maria may ask her if she likes to go to parties rather than asking if she often studies in the library.”来进行说明。因此,作者是运用举例的写作手法来解释说明人际沟通中的确认偏见。
35. D 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章5个自然段从概念、原因、表现、影响以及如何避免的角度，帮助读者深刻理解确认偏见并提出了克服它的策略。
第二节
36—40 DAFBG
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了爱好的重要性及其对健康、幸福和长寿的积极影响，纠正了关于爱好的常见误解，并呼吁人们重视爱好带来的益处。
36. D 【解析】本空位于段中。 前文提到一种“普遍且有害的误解”，即认为从事爱好的活动反映了缺乏自律，而后文直接否定这种观点，强调爱好对生活平衡和提升整体幸福感的重要作用。因此. D项“事实并非如此”承上启下，符合语境。
37. A 【解析】本空位于段中。前文提到“定期参与爱好的活动通常能提升健康水平”，后文通过引用研究结果具体阐述这一观点。因此，A项“科学支持这一点”作为过渡句，强调研究的科学依据，符合语境。
38. F 【解析】本空位于段中。前文提到一项研究表明爱好与健康之间的关系，后文进一步展开了该研究的具体发现.特别是爱好对老年人的寿命影响。 F项“去年进行的另一项研究证实了这一影响”引出了后文的具体数据，衔接前后文，符合语境，且空后的“it”指代的是 F 项中的“a different study”。
39. B 【解析】本空位于段首，为本段的主旨句。本段主要论述爱好对心理健康的积极作用，特别提到幸福感的提升和焦虑的减少。因此，B项“爱好让我们更快乐”概括了本段主旨，符合语境。
40. G 【解析】本空位于段中。前文提到“人类需要意义感”，而后文强调从事自己喜欢的活动可以显著提升幸福感。因此，G项“能够追求你所热爱的确实有助于那一点”呼应前后文，语义连贯，符合语境。
第三部分 语言运用
第一节
41—45 CADBC 46—50 BBAAC
51—55 ADBDA
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是美国邮局的邮递员 Snyder给新来的培训生分享送件时遭遇恶犬并受伤的经历。这次事件也推动了美国邮局采取措施来保护邮递员。他们想到的方法是在邮箱上贴“狗狗贴纸”，来提醒邮递员注意恶犬。
41. C 【解析】考查名词. 根据前文中的“seasoned mail carrier”可知. Snyder 在给新来的培训生(trainee)做经验分享。
42. A 【解析】考查名词。根据后文提到的2024年4 月发生的被恶狗撕咬的故事可知，这里 Snyder是结合个人经历(experience)来讲述的。
43. D 【解析】考查动词。 根据语境可知, Snyder是走向(approach)大门，获得邮件的签名。
44. B 【解析】考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示她还没来得及(before)反应。
45. C 【解析】考查动词。根据后文中的“but it was too late”可知,她尝试(attempt)去保护自己,但没有成功。attempt to do sth. 尝试去做某事, manage to do sth.设法成功做成某事。
46. B 【解析】考查动词。根据句意可知，此处表示狗撕咬她的手。tear… open将……撕开; spear用尖物刺穿。
47. B 【解析】考查名词。根据前文内容可知，此处表示这不是第一次或最后一次与恶狗的对峙(encounter)。
48. A 【解析】考查动词。根据语境可知，此处表示另一只狗把她堵在门廊。corner将……逼入死角；使……走投无路。
49. A 【解析】考查动词。根据语境可知，此处表示此事件促使动物控制部门去调查狗主人。 urge sb. to do sth. 鼓动/敦促某人,做某事;empowér sb. to do sth.给某人权力去做某事.增加(某人的)自主权。
50. C 【解析】考查名词。根据语境可知，此处表示美国邮局采取措施保护邮递员。take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事。
51. A 【解析】考查形容词。后文介绍了2023年发生的恶性事件达5.800件。因此，此处表示此事件并不是唯一的。far from unique 某事物并不是唯一的，并不独特。
52. D 【解析】考查形容词。根据后文中的“orange”“yellow”可知,此处指的涂成不同颜色的贴纸。color(用颜料、彩色笔等)为……着色。
53. B 【解析】考查动词。根据语境可知，此处一个橘色贴纸表示(signal)这家有狗，黄色的表示附近有狗。
54. D 【解析】考查名词。根据语境可知，此处表示贴不同颜色的贴纸的目的(intention)是用来提醒邮局的工作人员和其他送货员保持警惕，特别(especially)是在对邮递员有不良反应的狗的周围。
55. A 【解析】考查副词。解析见第54题。
第二节
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了位于中国南京的四方美术馆。该美术馆展示了现代艺术，建筑与自然融合，注重个体体验的突出特色。文章同时也强调了它的开发商陆军投资兴建宏伟艺术空间来推动中国文化繁荣。
56. developer 【解析】考查名词。分析句子成分可知.空处与 Lu Jun是同位语，应用名词形式，表示“开发商”. 故填 developer.
57. functional 【解析】考查形容词、分析句子成分可知，空处修饰 spaces作定语，应用形容词形式。 故填 functional。
58. is formed 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据上下文可知，此处描述的是一般情况，故用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，此处应用谓语动词,且主语 the museum 和 form 为被动关系。故填 is formed。
59. winding 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作 passage的定语，表示“蜿蜒的”，且前后为主动关系，应用现在分词。 故填 winding。
60. suspended 【解析】考查非谓语动词。 分析句子成分可知，空处已有谓语动词 unwraps，所以此处应填非谓语动词。空处修饰名词 the upper gallery.表示“此建筑悬挂在空中”,空处所填词表示状态。故填 suspended。
61. from 【解析】考查介词。 分析句意可知，此处表示院子是由从南京城里的旧院子回收的老胡同的砖块铺就而成。from 表示“来自”。 故填 from。
62. gives 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。 分析句子结构可知，空处与空前的 matches为并列的谓语动词，所填词形式应一致。 故填 gives。
63. to be experienced 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句意可知，此处表示这个美术馆等待着被体验，应用不定式的被动语态作宾语。故填 to be experienced。
64. but 【解析】考查连词。 根据前面的“visitors can not only experience contemporary architectural spaces and art works”可知,空处是与 not only相搭配的连词 but。故填 but。
65. a 【解析】考查冠词。 分析句子成分及句意可知，空处需要用不定冠词来修饰后面的名词 boom.表示我国的富人们在投资推动文化繁荣。 故填a。
第四部分 写作
第一节
一、评分原则
1.本题总分为15分，按5个档次给分。
2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3.词数少于 60词或多于100词的，从总分中减去2分。
4.评分时，应注意的主要内容为：时态、人称、内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性、上下文的连贯性、语言的得体性及应用文体裁格式。
5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面.评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。 英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
6.如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。
二、各档次的给分范围和要求
第五档(13-15分)
1.完全完成了试题规定的任务。
2.覆盖所有内容要点。
3.应用了较多的语法结构和词汇
4.语法或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或词汇所致。
5.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分.使全文结构紧凑。
6.完全达到了预期的写作目的。
第四档(10-12分)
1.完成了试题规定的任务。
2.虽漏掉一两个次要点，但覆盖所有主要内容。
3.应用的语法结构和词汇方面能满足任务的要求。
4.语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。
5.应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。
6.达到了预期的写作目的。
第三档(7-9分)
1. 基本完成了试题规定的任务。
2.虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。
3.应用的语法结构和词汇方面基本能满足任务的要求。
4.有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。
5.应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。
6.整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。
第二档(4-6分)
1. 未恰当完成试题规定的任务。
2.漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容。
3.语法结构单调，词汇知识有限。
4.有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。
5.较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。
6.信息未能清楚地传达给读者。
第一档(1-3分)
1.未完成试题规定的任务。
2.明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求。
3.语法结构单调，词汇知识很有限。
4.较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。
5.缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。
6. 信息未能传达给读者。
不得分(0分)
未能传达给读者任何信息：内容太少，无法评判。所写内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。
说明：
1.内容要点可用不同方式表达。
2.应紧扣主题，可适当发挥。
One possible version:
Dear teachers and friends.
I am honored to receive first prize in this competition.
My artwork, Whispers of Bamboo, is a traditional Chinese ink wash painting that features bamboo, symbolizing resilience and strength in Chinese culture. Through delicate brushstrokes and shades of green and black, I aimed to capture bamboo's beauty and vitality in a natural setting, with light and shadow adding a sense of serenity.
Winning this award means a lot to me. as it reflects not only my art but also the support from my teachers and classmates. I am grateful for the chance to share my culture and learn from you all.
Thank you!
第二节
一、评分原则
1.本题总分25分.按以下5个档次给分。
2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3.评分时，应注意的主要内容为：与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度：内容的丰富性和创新性；应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；上下文的连贯性。
4.词数少于 130的或者多于170的，从总分中减去2分。
5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
6.如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。
二、各档次的给分范围和要求
第五档(21-25分)
1.与所给短文融洽度高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接合理。
2.内容丰富。
3.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑，表达合理。
第四档(16-20分)
1.与所给短文融洽度较高，与段落开头衔接较为合理。
2.内容比较丰富。
3. 比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑，表达合理。
第三档(11-15分)
1.与所给短文关系较为密切，与段落开头有一定程度的衔接。
2.写出了若干有关内容。
3.应用简单的语句间的连接成分.使全文内容连贯。表达基本合理。
第二档(6-10分)
1.与所给短文有一定的关系，与段落开头有一定程度的衔接。
2.写出了一些有关内容。
3.较少使用语句间连接成分.全文内容缺少连贯性。表达不够合理。
第一档(1-5分)
1.与段落开头语衔接较差。
2.写出内容太少。
3.全文内容不连贯，表达不合理。
不得分(0分)
白卷；内容太少，无法判断或所写内容与所提供内容无关。
One possible version:
With a hi nt of hurt and surprise in his eyes. Jack-gently approached me.. He placed a hand on my shoulder, asked me again what had happened. I took out my test paper and told him that I would never match up to him in a choked voice. Jack's smile grew warmer. and he gave my shoulder a reassuring squeeze.“You don't have to measure up to anyone and achievements. You' re more than just a number on a test. Remember that be yourself; everyone else is already taken.”
His words were like a warm breeze, blowing my depression away and changing my mindset. I was still engaged in endless tasks and deadlines, but I no longer felt constrained by my brother's shadow. Realizing that comparison is the thief of joy. I strove for excellence instead of perfection, which is often unattainable and can lead to burnout. I felt a weight lifted off my shoulders as I realized that my value wasn't tied to a single test score. I felt more confident and less overwhelmed as I know that believing in doing my best will always be the ultimate best score.
really helps me a lot to write an article on Dorset gardens for our paper. Now I wonder ifI could ask you a few questions.
W: Yes. sure.
M: Could you tell me when you became interested in gardening
W: Well, in 1980 I read Margery Fisher's book College Garden Flowers. But L was reading about plants that I didn't know. So I started to read as much as I could and get different writers advice. I also used to visit Kew Gardens a lot. That was when we lived in Harrow. West London. I learned a lot from my visits. By the way. Dorset is one of England's three most beautiful towns, the other two being Wiltshire and Somerset. You must know that. I am often invited to give talks to biology students in colleges.
M: Yes, certainly. That's why I came here. Do you grow many plants yourself
W:I don't grow many plants from seeds. but I have several friends. and then we often give each other plants. My garden is a place that reminds me of so many people through the plants they' ve given me.
Text 10
M: In the past days, Zhu Liwei has taken many photos of people reading books on the subway in Beijing. She says the photos are an answer to her question— Are there still people reading paper books The question comes up often in the age of smartphones.
The project started one day in February2018. when Zhu took the first photo with her phone of people reading on the subway. Zhu has been photographing people reading books on the subway ever since. To avoid privacy issues, Zhu's photos always focus on the book. rather than the reader. She takes the photos from behind. She created a book list of subway reading. It now includes 183 novels, 359 non- fiction books for various exams and qualifications. And the list continues to grow.
Some people are inspired by Zhu and suggest that she photograph readers on the subways in other cities— maybe Shanghai.. Nanjing or Hángzhou. Zhù likes the idea and says she will try to do it.
多维细目表
题型 题号 分值 关键能力 学科素养 必备知识 预估难度
语言能力 文化意识 思维品质 学习能力 语音知识 词汇知识 语法知识 语篇知识 语用知识 文化知识 易 中 难
听力 1 1.5 获取具体信息
2 1.5 推断 .
3 1.5 获取具体信息 .
4 1.5 获取具体信息 .
5 1.5 推断
6 1.5 获取具体信息
7 1.5 获取具体信息
8 1.5 获取具体信息
9 1.5 获取具体信息
10 1.5 获取具体信息
11 1.5 获取具体信息
12 1.5 获取具体信息
13 1.5 获取具体信息
14 1.5 推断
15 1.5 获取具体信息
16 1.5 获取具体信息
17 1.5 推断
18 1.5 获取具体信息 丷
19 1.5 获取具体信息
20 1.5 获取具体信息
阅读 21 2.5 理解具体信息
22 2.5 理解具体信息
23 2.5 理解主旨要义
24 2.5 推断
25 2.5 理解具体信息
26 2.5 理解具体信息
27 2.5 推断
28 2.5 理解词汇
29 2.5 理解具体信息
30 2.5 推断
31 2.5 理解具体信息
32 2.5 理解具体信息
33 2.5 理解具体信息
34 2.5 理解文章结构、类型
35 2.5 理解主旨要义
英语试题 参考答案 第8页 共9页
题型 题号 分值 关键能力 学科素养 必备知识 预估难度
语言能力 文化意识 思维品质 学习能力 语音知识 词汇知识 语法知识 语篇知识 语用知识 文化知识 易 中 难
七选五 36 2.5 理解基本结构及上下衔接关系
37 2.5 理解基本结构及上下衔接关系
38 2.5 理解基本结构及上下衔接关系 ﹀
39 2.5 理解基本结构及主旨句 、
40 2.5 理解基本结构及上下衔接关系 .
完形填空 41 1 名词在具体语境中的使用
42 1 名词在具体语境中的使用
43 1 动词在具体语境中的使用
44 1 连词在具体语境中的使用
45 1 动词在具体语境中的使用
46 1 动词在具体语境中的使用
47 I 名词在具体语境中的使用
48 1 动词在具体语境中的使用
49 1 动词在具体语境中的使用
50 1 名词在具体语境中的使用 丷
51 1 形容词在具体语境中的使用 、
52 1 形容词在具体语境中的使用 丷
53 1 动词在具体语境中的使用
54 1 名词在具体语境中的使用
55 1 副词在具体语境中的使用
语法填空 56 1.5 在语篇中名词的用法
57 1.5 在语篇中形容词的用法
58 1.5 在语篇中动词时态和语态的用法
59 1.5 在语篇中非谓语动词的用法
60 1.5 在语篇中非谓语动词的用法
61 1.5 在语篇中介词的用法
62 1.5 在语篇中动词时态和主谓一致的用法
63 1.5 在语篇中非谓语动词的用法 ﹀
64 1.5 在语篇中连词的用法
65 1.5 在语篇中冠词的用法
书面表达 66 15 要求学生有较强的审题能力，还要紧扣主题，能选择恰当的艺术形式表达中华文化的魅力。此外，还要有正确和熟练运用英语语言的能力
67 25 阅读能力、语篇把握和创新能力

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