资源简介

(共39张PPT)
语法一　名词
第2部分　语法专题探究
考点精讲
试题精练
链接中考
考点2　名词的数
考点精讲
1. 可数名词及其单复数
(1)可数名词单数变复数的规则变化
分类情况 变化规则 例子
一般情况 在词尾加-s biscuit→①____________(2024.28),
feeling→feelings(2024.76),
foreigner→foreigners(2023.77)
以字母s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词 在词尾加-es bus→buses, brush→brushes,
watch→②___________， box→③____________
特例：stomach→stomachs
biscuits　
watches　
boxes　
分类情况 变化规则 例子
以元音字母加-y结尾的名词 在词尾加-s toy→toys, day→days,
key→④____________
以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词 变y为i，再加-es baby→babies, family→families,
factory→⑤____________
keys　
factories　
分类情况 变化规则 例子
以字母f或fe结尾的名词 在词尾加-s roof→roofs, belief→beliefs
变f/fe为v，再加-es 【巧学妙记】妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌；躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life)，半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。
两者皆可 scarf→scarfs/scarves
分类情况 变化规则 例子
以o 结尾的名词 表示有生命的人和事物的词加-es hero→heroes, potato→potatoes, tomato→⑥____________
【巧学妙记】英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。
表示无生命的事物的词加-s photo→⑦____________， piano→pianos
tomatoes　
photos　
【注意】(1)有些以-s结尾的名词，不是复数名词。如：physics 物理　maths 数学　politics 政治　news 新闻
(2)chopsticks, glasses(眼镜), scissors, trousers, jeans等词一般以复数形式出现，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。但若被a pair of修饰，谓语动词则用单数形式。
(3)常见的集体名词
①形式为单数，但意义可以为单数和复数，如family, public, class, crowd, team, couple等。当它们作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调集体中的每一个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
②形式为单数，但意义一般为复数，如people, police, staff等。如：The police are trying to find a solution. 警方正在努力寻找解决办法。
(2)可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化
分类情况 例子
a→e man→men,woman→women, policeman→⑧____________
oo→ee foot→⑨____________， tooth→teeth
单复数同形 sheep, deer
特例：fish(指条数)→fish, fish(指种类)→fishes, fish(指鱼肉)是不可数名词
特殊变化 mouse→mice, child→children
policemen　
feet　
分类情况 例子
某国人 Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese, Englishman→Englishmen, Frenchman→Frenchmen 【巧学妙记】中日不变英法变，其余-s加后面。
复合名词 第一部分是man或woman时，两部分都变复数形式 A man teacher→two men teachers,
a woman doctor→two ⑩______ _______
把后面的中心词变为复数形式 A girl student→two girl students, an apple tree→two _____ ____
women doctors　
apple trees　
2. 不可数名词
不可数名词没有复数形式，且不能用基数词或a/an直接修饰。
(1)不可数名词的量化，即“数词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词”
变复数时，把a/an变为具体数词，量词变为复数。如：
a glass/box of milk 一杯/盒牛奶　two glasses of water 两杯水
(2)既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词的词
常见的此类名词有：
名词 可数 不可数
time 次数；倍数 时间；时刻
experience 经历 经验
paper 报纸；试卷；论文 纸张
life 性命；一生 生命；生物
glass 眼镜；玻璃杯 玻璃
wood 树林 木头；木材
名词 可数 不可数
room 房间 空间
orange 橙子 橙汁
exercise 习题；练习 锻炼；运动
work 作品 工作
chicken 鸡 鸡肉
word 单词；说的话 消息
(3)修饰可数名词和不可数名词的常见限定词
类别 例子
只能修饰可数名词的限定词 many很多　several一些　few不多；很少　a few一些
a (great/large) number of许多　a couple of一对
只能修饰不可数名词的限定词 much很多　little很少；极少量的　a little 少量　
a large amount of大量的　a great deal of很多　
a bit of一点儿
两者皆可修饰的限定词 all全部　some一些　most大多数的　a lot of/lots of很多　
plenty of大量，众多
链接中考
名词的数在选词填空中的应用
(必考，每年2～3道)
广西中考的选词填空往往考查2～3个名词，近两年均考查了名词单复数形式的变化。
【解题思路】(1)首先，判断空格处所填单词为可数名词还是不可数名词；
(2)若为不可数名词(无复数形式)，可直接填入；
(3)若为可数名词，需判断应填单数形式还是复数形式。方法如下：
填单数 形式 (1)a/an/one＋名词单数；
(2)this/that/every/each/either/another＋名词单数；
(3)名词单数(作主语)＋谓语动词单数。如：
Kate’s ①____________(desk) is in good order and everything is in its proper place.
desk　
填复数 形式 (1)大于1的基数词＋名词复数；
(2)many/these/those/few/both/all/several等限定词＋名词复数；
(3)a lot of/a number of/a couple of/a pair of/“one of (＋the＋形容词最高级)”等＋名词复数；
(4)名词复数(作主语)＋谓语动词复数。如：
Chinese family ②____________(member) usually like to get together, especially during festivals.
【注意】 若空格前没有上述标志词，可根据上下文语境或隐形标志词(原词、近反义词、上下义词、语义关联词等)来决定所填名词的单复数形式。
members　
celebrate　close　feeling　they　favorite　
write　quietly　radio　because　without
(2024广西76题、81题选词填空节选)Music has magic. Different kinds of music bring you different 76. ____________. For example, rock music makes you excited while classical music makes you relaxed… It’s easy to get music in your life. You can just turn on the 81. ____________ and listen to different kinds of music for fun.
解析：76题：根据“For example, rock music makes you excited…”可知，不同的音乐会带给你不同的感觉，所以此空选feeling，又因空前有different，应用其复数形式。故填feelings。
81题：根据下文“listen to different kinds of music”和备选词可推断，你可以打开收音机收听不同类型的音乐。故填名词radio。
试题精练
一、选词填空基础练
hero　confidence　term　leaf　woman
door　paper　video　sheep　tourist
1. I’d like to write something. Please give me a piece of ________．
2. The ________ are fed well by the farmer. All of them look fat.
3. (2024成都改编)For a shy student, it takes _____________ to give a speech in class.
4．More and more ___________ come to visit Xinjiang this year because of the TV show.
paper　
sheep　
confidence　
tourists　
5. In autumn, the _________ of the trees along the river turn yellow.
6. (2024安徽改编)Every _______ is a new beginning for all the students and teachers.
7. Our hospital needs several ________ doctors. You can ask your daughter to have a try.
8. You can learn to cook by watching some _________ about making delicious food on Douyin.
9. (2024自贡改编)It’s good to open the _______ and the window in the morning to let fresh air in.
10. (2024达州改编)A lot of _________ lost their young lives for the long-lasting peace of our country.
leaves　
term　
women　
videos　
door　
heroes　
二、选词填空微语篇(2024湖北改编)(主题：人与自然·首届垃圾收集世界杯　难度：★★★　用时：5分钟)
根据语篇内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。每个单词只能用一次。
country　problem　animal　idea　life
Do you believe picking up rubbish has become a world competition
In November of 2023, the first SpoGomi World Cup was held in Asia. Teams from Japan and 20 other 1. ____________ took part in it. According to the rules, each team will have 90 minutes to collect rubbish as much as
countries　
possible. Britain finally won the first prize. “We hope more people around the world will pay attention to all kinds of environmental 2. ________，” said a British team member.
When Ken, the founder(创始人) of the competition, was interviewed, he talked about how he came up with the 3. _______. Years ago, he found many sea 4. __________ died after they ate the rubbish in the sea. So he started to pick up rubbish on his way to the beach every morning.
“Picking up a piece of rubbish may save a turtle’s(海龟的) 5. _____. It’s also a good way to keep the beach clean,” Ken said.
problems　
idea　
animals　
life　
三、选词填空(主题：人与自我·台上十分钟，台下十年功　难度：★★★★　用时：8分钟)
根据语篇内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。每个单词只能用一次。
practice　journey　course　actor　weight　skill　
pronunciation　foot　time　chance
When I was eight years old, I became interested in Beijing opera. When I watched those 1. _________ dancing and singing beautifully on TV, I was touched. I told my mom that I wanted to learn the wonderful art,
actors　
and she sent me to take a(n) 2. _________ in Beijing opera. I was very excited. Since then, I’ve been on my 3. __________ of learning Beijing opera for five years.
During those years, I had to wake up at six o’clock every morning to improve the key 4. _________， such as leg exercises, voice training and so on. When practicing handstands(倒立), all the 5. _________ was on my arms and I almost cried. And to make my 6. ________________ better, I read the lines loudly and quickly. It made my mouth hurt, but I didn’t give up.
course　
journey　
skills　
weight　
pronunciation　
Once, I fell down and hurt my two 7. _______ and knees while practicing. That made it difficult for me to go up and down stairs for a long 8. _____．
As the saying goes, “One minute on stage needs ten years’ 9. ________ off stage.” All the hard work was worth it when I got a(n)
10. _________ to perform Beijing opera in public. Last month, I performed a part from The Drunken Concubine(《贵妃醉酒》) during a show on TV.
Beijing opera puts together different parts of theater like writing, music, painting and costumes. The charm(魅力) and beauty of this art form is timeless(永恒的).
feet　
time　
practice　
chance　
考点精讲
试题精练
　名词所有格
考点精讲
1. -’s所有格
类别 用法 例子
单数名词 一般在词尾加’s the boy’s mother 这个男孩的母亲， Jack’s book 杰克的书， ①____________(yesterday) newspaper 昨天的报纸
复数名词 以-s结尾的加’ these ②____________(customer) requirements 这些顾客们的要求， two hours’ rest两小时的休息
不以-s结尾的加’s Children’s Day儿童节， Women’s Day妇女节
yesterday’s　
customers’　
类别 用法 例子
表示某物为每个人各自所有 各名词词尾均需加’s Jane’s and Lucy’s pencils 简的铅笔和露西的铅笔
表示某物为几个人共同拥有 在最后一个名词词尾加’s Lucy and Lily’s room 露西和莉莉的房间
表示某人的家、诊所、店铺等 在词尾加’s, 且常常省略其后的名词 my uncle’s 我叔叔家， the doctor’s 诊所
2. of所有格：表示无生命的事物的名词可以用of所有格表示所属关系
构成 例子
名词＋of＋名词 the leg ③_____the chair 椅子腿， the history of the school 学校的历史
of　
3. 双重所有格：表示整体中的一部分
构成 例子
of＋名词’s a photo of my brother’s 我弟弟的一张照片(多张照片中的一张)
of＋名词性物主代词 sweet memories of ④______(our) 我们的甜蜜回忆
ours　
试题精练
单项选择
1. We will put on a show to celebrate ________ Day to express thanks to them.
A．Teacher’s B．Teachers　 C．Teachers’
2. —The bedroom is tidy and nice. Whose is it
—It’s ________．
A．Laura and Clara B．Laura’s and Clara’s
C．Laura and Clara’s
3. —Is this blue hat ________？
—No, the red hat is ________．
A．Lucy’s; hers B．Lucy; hers C．Lucy’s; her
4. Jack is a good friend ________， and he often comes to our home for a visit.
A．of my father B．for my father C．of my father’s
5. ________mothers can’t come to school on School Day because they have to work.
A．Bob and Alan’s
B．Bob’s and Alan
C．Bob’s and Alan’s

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