资源简介 (共39张PPT)语法一 名词第2部分 语法专题探究考点精讲试题精练链接中考考点2 名词的数考点精讲1. 可数名词及其单复数(1)可数名词单数变复数的规则变化分类情况 变化规则 例子一般情况 在词尾加-s biscuit→①____________(2024.28),feeling→feelings(2024.76),foreigner→foreigners(2023.77)以字母s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词 在词尾加-es bus→buses, brush→brushes,watch→②___________, box→③____________特例:stomach→stomachsbiscuits watches boxes 分类情况 变化规则 例子以元音字母加-y结尾的名词 在词尾加-s toy→toys, day→days,key→④____________以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词 变y为i,再加-es baby→babies, family→families,factory→⑤____________keys factories 分类情况 变化规则 例子以字母f或fe结尾的名词 在词尾加-s roof→roofs, belief→beliefs变f/fe为v,再加-es 【巧学妙记】妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf),小偷(thief)吓得发了慌;躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life),半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。两者皆可 scarf→scarfs/scarves分类情况 变化规则 例子以o 结尾的名词 表示有生命的人和事物的词加-es hero→heroes, potato→potatoes, tomato→⑥____________【巧学妙记】英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。表示无生命的事物的词加-s photo→⑦____________, piano→pianostomatoes photos 【注意】(1)有些以-s结尾的名词,不是复数名词。如:physics 物理 maths 数学 politics 政治 news 新闻(2)chopsticks, glasses(眼镜), scissors, trousers, jeans等词一般以复数形式出现,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。但若被a pair of修饰,谓语动词则用单数形式。(3)常见的集体名词①形式为单数,但意义可以为单数和复数,如family, public, class, crowd, team, couple等。当它们作主语时,如果强调整体,谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调集体中的每一个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。如:②形式为单数,但意义一般为复数,如people, police, staff等。如:The police are trying to find a solution. 警方正在努力寻找解决办法。(2)可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化分类情况 例子a→e man→men,woman→women, policeman→⑧____________oo→ee foot→⑨____________, tooth→teeth单复数同形 sheep, deer特例:fish(指条数)→fish, fish(指种类)→fishes, fish(指鱼肉)是不可数名词特殊变化 mouse→mice, child→childrenpolicemen feet 分类情况 例子某国人 Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese, Englishman→Englishmen, Frenchman→Frenchmen 【巧学妙记】中日不变英法变,其余-s加后面。复合名词 第一部分是man或woman时,两部分都变复数形式 A man teacher→two men teachers,a woman doctor→two ⑩______ _______把后面的中心词变为复数形式 A girl student→two girl students, an apple tree→two _____ ____women doctors apple trees 2. 不可数名词不可数名词没有复数形式,且不能用基数词或a/an直接修饰。(1)不可数名词的量化,即“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”变复数时,把a/an变为具体数词,量词变为复数。如:a glass/box of milk 一杯/盒牛奶 two glasses of water 两杯水(2)既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词的词常见的此类名词有:名词 可数 不可数time 次数;倍数 时间;时刻experience 经历 经验paper 报纸;试卷;论文 纸张life 性命;一生 生命;生物glass 眼镜;玻璃杯 玻璃wood 树林 木头;木材名词 可数 不可数room 房间 空间orange 橙子 橙汁exercise 习题;练习 锻炼;运动work 作品 工作chicken 鸡 鸡肉word 单词;说的话 消息(3)修饰可数名词和不可数名词的常见限定词类别 例子只能修饰可数名词的限定词 many很多 several一些 few不多;很少 a few一些a (great/large) number of许多 a couple of一对只能修饰不可数名词的限定词 much很多 little很少;极少量的 a little 少量 a large amount of大量的 a great deal of很多 a bit of一点儿两者皆可修饰的限定词 all全部 some一些 most大多数的 a lot of/lots of很多 plenty of大量,众多链接中考名词的数在选词填空中的应用(必考,每年2~3道)广西中考的选词填空往往考查2~3个名词,近两年均考查了名词单复数形式的变化。【解题思路】(1)首先,判断空格处所填单词为可数名词还是不可数名词;(2)若为不可数名词(无复数形式),可直接填入;(3)若为可数名词,需判断应填单数形式还是复数形式。方法如下:填单数 形式 (1)a/an/one+名词单数;(2)this/that/every/each/either/another+名词单数;(3)名词单数(作主语)+谓语动词单数。如:Kate’s ①____________(desk) is in good order and everything is in its proper place.desk 填复数 形式 (1)大于1的基数词+名词复数;(2)many/these/those/few/both/all/several等限定词+名词复数;(3)a lot of/a number of/a couple of/a pair of/“one of (+the+形容词最高级)”等+名词复数;(4)名词复数(作主语)+谓语动词复数。如:Chinese family ②____________(member) usually like to get together, especially during festivals.【注意】 若空格前没有上述标志词,可根据上下文语境或隐形标志词(原词、近反义词、上下义词、语义关联词等)来决定所填名词的单复数形式。members celebrate close feeling they favorite write quietly radio because without(2024广西76题、81题选词填空节选)Music has magic. Different kinds of music bring you different 76. ____________. For example, rock music makes you excited while classical music makes you relaxed… It’s easy to get music in your life. You can just turn on the 81. ____________ and listen to different kinds of music for fun.解析:76题:根据“For example, rock music makes you excited…”可知,不同的音乐会带给你不同的感觉,所以此空选feeling,又因空前有different,应用其复数形式。故填feelings。81题:根据下文“listen to different kinds of music”和备选词可推断,你可以打开收音机收听不同类型的音乐。故填名词radio。试题精练一、选词填空基础练hero confidence term leaf womandoor paper video sheep tourist1. I’d like to write something. Please give me a piece of ________.2. The ________ are fed well by the farmer. All of them look fat.3. (2024成都改编)For a shy student, it takes _____________ to give a speech in class.4.More and more ___________ come to visit Xinjiang this year because of the TV show.paper sheep confidence tourists 5. In autumn, the _________ of the trees along the river turn yellow.6. (2024安徽改编)Every _______ is a new beginning for all the students and teachers.7. Our hospital needs several ________ doctors. You can ask your daughter to have a try.8. You can learn to cook by watching some _________ about making delicious food on Douyin.9. (2024自贡改编)It’s good to open the _______ and the window in the morning to let fresh air in.10. (2024达州改编)A lot of _________ lost their young lives for the long-lasting peace of our country.leaves term women videos door heroes 二、选词填空微语篇(2024湖北改编)(主题:人与自然·首届垃圾收集世界杯 难度:★★★ 用时:5分钟)根据语篇内容,从方框中选择恰当的单词,并用其正确形式填空。每个单词只能用一次。country problem animal idea lifeDo you believe picking up rubbish has become a world competition In November of 2023, the first SpoGomi World Cup was held in Asia. Teams from Japan and 20 other 1. ____________ took part in it. According to the rules, each team will have 90 minutes to collect rubbish as much ascountries possible. Britain finally won the first prize. “We hope more people around the world will pay attention to all kinds of environmental 2. ________,” said a British team member.When Ken, the founder(创始人) of the competition, was interviewed, he talked about how he came up with the 3. _______. Years ago, he found many sea 4. __________ died after they ate the rubbish in the sea. So he started to pick up rubbish on his way to the beach every morning.“Picking up a piece of rubbish may save a turtle’s(海龟的) 5. _____. It’s also a good way to keep the beach clean,” Ken said.problems idea animals life 三、选词填空(主题:人与自我·台上十分钟,台下十年功 难度:★★★★ 用时:8分钟)根据语篇内容,从方框中选择恰当的单词,并用其正确形式填空。每个单词只能用一次。practice journey course actor weight skill pronunciation foot time chanceWhen I was eight years old, I became interested in Beijing opera. When I watched those 1. _________ dancing and singing beautifully on TV, I was touched. I told my mom that I wanted to learn the wonderful art,actors and she sent me to take a(n) 2. _________ in Beijing opera. I was very excited. Since then, I’ve been on my 3. __________ of learning Beijing opera for five years.During those years, I had to wake up at six o’clock every morning to improve the key 4. _________, such as leg exercises, voice training and so on. When practicing handstands(倒立), all the 5. _________ was on my arms and I almost cried. And to make my 6. ________________ better, I read the lines loudly and quickly. It made my mouth hurt, but I didn’t give up.course journey skills weight pronunciation Once, I fell down and hurt my two 7. _______ and knees while practicing. That made it difficult for me to go up and down stairs for a long 8. _____.As the saying goes, “One minute on stage needs ten years’ 9. ________ off stage.” All the hard work was worth it when I got a(n)10. _________ to perform Beijing opera in public. Last month, I performed a part from The Drunken Concubine(《贵妃醉酒》) during a show on TV.Beijing opera puts together different parts of theater like writing, music, painting and costumes. The charm(魅力) and beauty of this art form is timeless(永恒的).feet time practice chance 考点精讲试题精练 名词所有格考点精讲1. -’s所有格类别 用法 例子单数名词 一般在词尾加’s the boy’s mother 这个男孩的母亲, Jack’s book 杰克的书, ①____________(yesterday) newspaper 昨天的报纸复数名词 以-s结尾的加’ these ②____________(customer) requirements 这些顾客们的要求, two hours’ rest两小时的休息不以-s结尾的加’s Children’s Day儿童节, Women’s Day妇女节yesterday’s customers’ 类别 用法 例子表示某物为每个人各自所有 各名词词尾均需加’s Jane’s and Lucy’s pencils 简的铅笔和露西的铅笔表示某物为几个人共同拥有 在最后一个名词词尾加’s Lucy and Lily’s room 露西和莉莉的房间表示某人的家、诊所、店铺等 在词尾加’s, 且常常省略其后的名词 my uncle’s 我叔叔家, the doctor’s 诊所2. of所有格:表示无生命的事物的名词可以用of所有格表示所属关系构成 例子名词+of+名词 the leg ③_____the chair 椅子腿, the history of the school 学校的历史of 3. 双重所有格:表示整体中的一部分构成 例子of+名词’s a photo of my brother’s 我弟弟的一张照片(多张照片中的一张)of+名词性物主代词 sweet memories of ④______(our) 我们的甜蜜回忆ours 试题精练单项选择1. We will put on a show to celebrate ________ Day to express thanks to them.A.Teacher’s B.Teachers C.Teachers’2. —The bedroom is tidy and nice. Whose is it —It’s ________.A.Laura and Clara B.Laura’s and Clara’sC.Laura and Clara’s3. —Is this blue hat ________?—No, the red hat is ________.A.Lucy’s; hers B.Lucy; hers C.Lucy’s; her4. Jack is a good friend ________, and he often comes to our home for a visit.A.of my father B.for my father C.of my father’s5. ________mothers can’t come to school on School Day because they have to work.A.Bob and Alan’sB.Bob’s and AlanC.Bob’s and Alan’s 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览