资源简介

代词
考点一 人称代词
人称代词即指对人的称呼的词（你、我、他等），分为主格和宾格两种形式。
(
分
类
) 用法 主格 宾格
单数 I, you, he, she, it me, you, him, her, it
复数 we, you, they us, you, them
功能 作主语 作及物动词、介词的宾语，be动词的表语，省略句中表示相同的情况
例句 She is a singer. 她是一名歌手。 I can play the guitar. 我会弹吉他。 —We don’t know him. 我们不认识他。 —Me, too. 我也是。
【温馨提示】人称代词语序
单数人称代词并列作主语时用“二、三、一（you, he/she and I）”；复数人称代词并列作主语时用“一、二、三（we, you and they）”。例如：
①You, he and I are all good friends. 你、他和我都是好朋友。
②We, you and they like the same sport. 我们、你们和他们都喜欢同一项运动。
注意：在承认错误、担当责任时，把说话人I放在首位。
考点二 物主代词
物主代词即指事物的主人（我的，你的，他的），分为形容词性物主代词（名词前）和名词性物主代词（后无名词）。
数 人称 类别 单数 复数
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your their
名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
汉语 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他（她、它）们的
【温馨提示】
形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的区别：
词类 区别 例句
形容词性物主代词 位于名词前，用作定语，限定该名词的意义 May I use your pen Yours works better. 我可以用你的钢笔吗？你的更好用。
名词性物主代词 在句子中充当主语、宾语或表语，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，后面不能再跟名词
考点三 反身代词
1. 反身代词的单复数形式
反身代词就是指某人自己，单数以-self结尾，复数以-selves 结尾。第一、二人称反身代词由形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成，第三人称反身代词由宾格人称代词 + self/selves构成。
(
人
称
) 数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself yourself himself, herself, itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
①Tom enjoyed himself in the Water Park. 汤姆在水上公园玩得很开心。
②“I’ll teach myself. I’m sure I can do it by myself. ” Linda said to herself.
琳达心里想：“我要自学，我确定我能独立做它。”
2. 反身代词的语法功能
（1）作宾语
当主语与宾语是同一人时，宾语要用反身代词，人称和数要与主语一致
We teach ourselves English. 我们自学英语。
（2）作同位语
用来加强语气，作主语的同位语时，有时为了使句子平衡而把同位语放在句子末尾
I can do it myself. 我自己能做它。
（3）作表语
常与系动词be，look， feel，seem连用，表示或描述一种感觉、情绪或状态
I don’t feel myself today. 我今天感到不舒服。
反身代词的常用词组
teach oneself ______________ learn by oneself_____________
enjoy oneself______________ help oneself_______________
hurt oneself________________ by oneself________________
考点四 不定代词
不明确指代某个（些）人、某个（些）事物的代词叫不定代词。
不 定 代 词 功能 在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和同位语等
分类 肯定性 both, all, many, much, one, other, each, another, either, a few, a little, some (someone, somebody, something, somewhere), any(anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere), every (everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere)
否定性 no, neither, none, nobody, nothing, few, little
不定代词的特殊用法
(1)当形容词或else修饰不定代词时，不定代词总是位于修饰词的前面。例如：
①There is nothing new in his speech. 在他的演讲中没有新内容。
②Did she tell you anything else 她告诉你别的事情了吗？
(2)当句子的主语是指人的复合不定代词时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词they 来代替；当句子的主语是指物的复合不定代词时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词it来代替。例如：
①Everyone is here, aren’t they 大家都在这儿，难道不是吗？
②Everything begins to grow in spring, doesn’t it 春天万物开始生长，不是吗？
常见不定代词的用法
1. some/any的用法比较
some （1）一般用于肯定句中，表示“一些，某些；某个” （2）也可用于疑问句中，希望得到对方的肯定回答或委婉提出建议与要求
any （1）一般用于否定句、疑问句及条件句中，表示“任何一个/ 一些” （2）也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何”的意思
①Would you like some coffee 你要来点咖啡吗？
②You can ask me any question. 你可以问我任何一个问题。
2. few，a few和little，a little的用法比较
little 很少 few 很少 表否定
a little 少量，有一些 a few 有几个，有一些 表肯定
修饰不可数名词 修饰可数名词
①The problem is too difficult, few students can work it out. 这道题太难了，没几个学生能做出来。
②She says little but does much. 她说得少，做得多。
3. each/either/both/all/neither/none
意义 谓语动词形式 句中的作用 相同点
each 每一个(≥2) 单数形式 主语、宾语、定语、同位语 ①都能与of短语连用, 且能在句中作主语 ②都能单独作主语
either 两者中的任何一个 单数形式 主语、宾语、同位语
both （两者）都 复数形式 主语、定语、宾语、同位语
all 都（≥3） 复数形式 主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语
neither （两者）都不 单数形式 主语、宾语、定语
none （≥3）都不 单/复数都可以 主语、宾语
①All of the boys in our class like Yao Ming. 我们班所有的男生都喜欢姚明。
②None can speak Japanese in our class. 我们班里无一人会说日语。
(
代
词
)4. other/others/the other/the others/another
区别 other others the other the others another
意义 泛指另外的 泛指另一些 特指两部分中的另一个（些） 特指其余的一些 泛指三者或三者以上的另外的一个
用法 常作形容词，修饰名词复数 只能单独使用，常用“some...others. . . ” 结构 可单独使用，也可修饰名词，常用“one. . the other. . . ”结构 只能单独使用 可单独使用，也可修饰可数名词单数或“数词+可数名词复数”
There are many foreigners here. Some are Americans, the others are Australians.
这里有许多外国人，一些是美国人，其余的全是澳大利亚人。
②I have two photos. One is black and white, the other is colourful.
我这里有两张照片。一张是黑白的，另一张是彩色的。
③I don’t like this one. Have you got any others
我不喜欢这个，你还有别的吗？
④I don’t like the pen. Please show me another one.
我不喜欢这支钢笔。请给我看另一支。
5. one/it的用法比较
one 代指上文中提到的同类事物中的一个（非原物）
it 代指上文中提到的同一事物（原物）
Joe has a pet dog. It’s very lovely. I want to have one like it, too.
乔有只宠物狗，它很可爱。我也想拥有一只像它一样的（小狗）。
【温馨提示】
it的其他用法
(1)代指婴儿或不明身份的人 —Who’s knocking at the door ——谁在敲门？ —It must be my brother. ——它一定是我的弟弟。
(2)表示天气、时间或距离 It’s 8: 00 now and it’s raining hard. 现在是八点钟，雨下得正大。
(3)答语中代替this/that —What’s that ——那是什么？ —It’s a snowball. ——它是一个雪球。
(4)形式主语常见句式 A. It’s +adj. + (for sb. ) to do sth. B. It’s time for sb. to do sth. C. It takes (took/will take)sb. +时间+to do sth. D. It seems +that从句 E. It’s +adj. +that从句
(5)形式宾语 You’ll find it interesting to be with us. 你会发现和我们相处很有趣。
考点五 指示代词、疑问代词
1. 指示代词
单数 复数 用法
this these 一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人。 Toys! These are my toys! 玩具！这些是我的玩具！
指下面将要讲到的事物。 What I want to say is this: pronunciation is very important in learning English． 我想说的是：发音在英语学习中非常重要。
that those 指时间和空间上较远的事物或人。 In those days the workers had a hard time．在那些日子里工人们有着艰苦的时光。
指前面讲到过的事物。 I had a cold. That’s why I didn’t come. 我感冒了。那是我没来的原因。
有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常用that或those代替。 Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai． 北京制造的电视机和上海制造的一样好。
【温馨提示】
(1)打电话时用this介绍自己，用that询问对方。例如：
This is Sally speaking. Is that Linda 我是萨莉。你是琳达吗？
(2)that 常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的单数名词或不可数名词；若前面提到的是复数名词，则用those代替。例如：
①The weather in Guangzhou is much warmer than that in Beijing in winter.
冬天广州的天气比北京的暖和得多。
②The apples on this tree are bigger than those on that one. 这棵树上的苹果比那棵树上的大。
2. 疑问代词
常见疑问代词及其用法
疑问代词 意义 基本用法 例句
who 谁 主语、表语、宾语 Who are you waiting for 你正在等谁？
whom 谁 宾语（who的宾格） With whom did you go swimming 你和谁去游泳的？
whose 谁的 主语、表语、宾语、 定语（who的所有格） Whose pen is this 这是谁的钢笔？
what 什么 主语、表语、宾语、定语 What do you know about it 你对它了解多少啊？
which 哪个 主语、表语、宾语、定语 Which movie do you like best 你最喜欢哪部电影？
模拟练习
Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Simon and Linda didn’t tell us the news. They wanted to keep the secret to _______ (they).
2. The story _______ (it) is interesting, but it’s a little difficult for children.
3. Our teachers encourage us to join the volunteer project to help _______ (other).
4. Their teachers are as friendly to students as _______ (we).
5. Don’t worry about your son. He is old enough to be independent and live by _______ (he).
Ⅱ. 单项选择
1. — Is your father or mother a teacher
— ________. My father is a doctor and my mother is an office worker.
A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. None
2. — Which of the two T-shirts will you take
— I’ll take _______. One is for my brother and the other is for myself.
A. either B. both C. all
3. —Where is my pen
—Oh, sorry, I have taken _______ by mistake.
A. yours B. mine C. hers D. his
4. —Jack, who helped _______ make the model ship
—Nobody! I made it all by _______.
A. your; my B. your, mine C. you; myself D. you; mine
5. —Where did you go for your winter vacation
—My family went to Paris. _______ had a great time.
A. He B. She C. We D. They
6. There’s _______ wrong with the camera. Look! It works well.
A. something B. nothing C. everything
7. Welcome to my new house, Ann and John! Help _______ to some fruit.
A. myself B. yourself C. yourselves
8. —Is this your key, Jenny
—No. _______ is in my handbag.
A. His B. Hers C. Mine D. Yours
9. —The pet cat in your hand is very nice. Is it ______
—Yes, but I’ll give it to my friend Lucy as _______ birthday present.
A. you; her B. your; her C. yours; her D. you; hers
10. A foreign visitor is coming to visit our new house this evening. My mother will offer him ______ to eat.
A. anything delicious B. something real Chinese
C. something Japanese food D. delicious something
11. —Who helped Jessie with her English
— _______. She taught herself.
A. Anybody B. Somebody C. Nobody D. Everybody
12. I have two brothers. One is a teacher, ______ is a doctor.
A. another B. other
C. others D. the other
13. — _______ is that man over there
—He is Dick’s uncle.
A. Where B. What C. Who D. Which
14. —What are _______ teachers doing
—They are having a meeting.
A. this B. that C. those
15. —How did your uncle learn to play the guitar
—By _______.
myself B. yourself C. herself D. himself
Ⅲ.提高题
1 ---Tom,supper is ready.---I don’t want to eat_______,Mum. I’m not feeling well.
A everything B nothing C something D anything
2 You don’t have a drink.Can I get you________
A something B everything C anything D nothing
3---I’m leaving for the exam.Bye-bye,Mum.
---Well,make sure you’ve got________ready.
A something B anything C everything D nothing
4 ---I am a little hungry,Mom.
----There are some cakes on the plate.You can take______
A it B one C that D this
5---Excuse me .I want to buy some stamps.Where can I find a post office
----I know_______not far from here,You can easily find_________
A that, it B it, one C one, it
6 ----Your tea smells great!
-----It’s from India.Would you like________
A it B this C some D little
7 There are lots of restaurants in our town.And most of ________ are clean and cheap.
A it B they C us D them
8 We have decided to try________ best to raise more money for the local charity.
A us B our C we D ours
9 My father is ill in bed. I have to look after_______at home.
A he B his D him D himself
10 It’s very important for us to learn how to learn by___________
A ourselves B itself C myself D themselves
11 The man called his professor for help because he couldn’t solve the problem by__________
A herself B himself C yourself D themselves
12 I Believe I Can Fly is a nice song by R.Kelly.This song tells us that believing in _____is very important.
A themselves B ourselves C itself
13 ---Which of the two subjects do you like,art or music
----__________.They are really interesting.
A Neither B Both C None D All
14 They were all very tired, but______ of them took a rest.
A none B all C both D either
15----Would you like some juice or coffee
-----________.I really don’t mind.
A Either B Neither C Both
16 He has written many books,but__________of them are good.
A few B many C any
17 CCTV-10 often plays_________ around the world.It can help us learn more about not only nature but also different cultures and customs.
A new something B something new C anything new
18---Is there________in today’s newspaper
---Yes,our National Table Tennis won all the seven gold medals once more.
A something new B anything new C somebody special D anybody special
19 New Zealand has two island,One is North Island and _________is South Island.
A another B the other C other D the others
20 She got up to get some sleeping pills but found there was_______ left at home.
A nothing B none C something D nobody.
参考答案
Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1-5 themselves itself others ourselves himself
Ⅱ. 单项选择
1-5 CBADC
6-10 ACCCB
11-15 CDCCD
Ⅲ.提高题
1-10 DACBC CDBDA
11-20 BBBAA ABBBA

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