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New Concept English 新概念英语第一册（初阶）
Lesson 143
A walk through the woods 林中散步
授课教师： Tel:
Review Lesson 142
Does anyone ever repair this car
Someone repaires it regularly. It is repaired regularly.
What is it
英语动词有两种语态：
主动语态 (the Active Voice)
被动语态(the Passive Voice)
A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
We planted the tree.
B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
The tree was planted by us.
被动语态结构：be + 过去分词(P.P) + (by …)
被动语态的构成:
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时： am／is／are＋spoken
一般过去时： was／were＋spoken
一般将来时： will／shall be＋spoken
现在进行时： am／is／are being＋spoken
过去进行时： was/were being＋spoken
现在完成时： have／has been＋spoken
过去完成时： had been + spoken
元音音素
5长：/a:/ / :/ / :/ /i:/ /u:/
7短：/ / / / / / / / /u/ /e/ / /
8双：/a / /e / / / / / /ε / /u / /au/ / u/
28个辅音
清辅音（声带不振动）：
/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/
/θ/ /s/ / / /h/
/t / /ts/ /tr/
浊辅音（声带振动）：
/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/
/ / /z/ / / /r/
/d / /dz/ /dr/
/j/ /w/ /m/ /n/ / / /l/
过去式/过去分词ed的读法：/d/、/t/
结尾是/t/或/d/,发音为/ d/
invited decided excited
结尾是清辅音,发音为/t/
looked dressed asked
embarrassed watched washed
结尾是元音或浊辅音,发音为/d/
middle-aged opened amused
travelled answered
清对清，浊对浊；清清元浊浊
1. 约翰打开了收音机。
________________________________________________________
变为被动语态：
________________________________________________________
2. 奶奶照看我的姐姐。
________________________________________________________
变为被动语态：
________________________________________________________
We must speak to old people politely.
Old people must be spoken to politely.
注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。
They said that he would come back soon.
It was said that he would come back soon.
类似的还有：
It is reported/believed/hoped/supposed that...
不用被动语态的几种情况：
1) 不及物动词没有被动语态。
如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, 等。
* Great changes have taken place in this city.
* That bike doesn’t belong to Mike.
2) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态
have/fit
I have a TV set.
The coat fits me well.
3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。
【正】Look at the blackboard, please.
【误】The blackboard is looked at by you.
4) 系动词没有被动态和进行时态
这鱼味道很好。
The fish tastes good.
这条围巾摸上去很软。
The scarf feels soft.
5) 反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。
例如：
【正】You must look after yourself.
【误】Yourself must be looked after.
某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。
这书很好卖。The book sells well.
这书卖完了。The book is sold out.
这种布很好洗。
This kind of cloth washes very well.
这块表需要修理一下。
The watch needs mending.
=The watch needs to be mended.
=We need to mend the watch.
一、Answer right or wrong
1. 必须照看好孩子们。
The children must be taken good care.( )
The children must be taken good care of.( )
2. 这本书是鲁迅写的。
This book was wrote by Lu Xun.( )
This book was written by Lu Xun.( )
3. 昨天那支笔是他给我的。
That pencil was given me by him yesterday.( )
That pencil was given to me by him yesterday.( )
二、单项选择
1. A neighbor helped to keep our dog. It __________ while we were on holiday.
A. was taken care B. took care of
C. is taken care of D. was taken care of
2. Watches ___________ Shanghai are good.
A. are made in B. is made
C. are made from D. made
3. A coat can __________ for keeping warm.
A. be used B. is used
C. been used D. used
4. The book __________ as present yesterday.
A. was given to him
B. was given for him
C. was give him
5. The house_____ in 2004.
A. is built B. is building C. was built D. used
三、用所给动词的正确形式填空
1. The bike __________(fix) up by Xiao Ming yesterday.
2. Sunglasses __________ (use) for protecting people’s eyes.
3. A picture __________ (put) up on the blackboard.
4. French ___________ (speak) in France.
5. Teenagers should ___________ (allow) to choose their own
clothes.
四、翻译下列句子
1. 这本书1969年写成的。
________________________________________________________
2. 孩子们必须被好好照顾。
________________________________________________________
3. 这只鸟昨天在哪儿被发现的？
________________________________________________________
4. 那只杯子是被Jack打破的。
________________________________________________________
Lesson 143 A walk through the woods 林中散步
Read the passage then answer this question. What was so funny about the words on the sign
读课文, 然后回答问题。牌子上的字有什么可笑的地方？
Passage：
I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. It is a famous beauty spot.
我住在一个由美丽的树林环绕的古老小镇上。这是一个著名的风景胜地。
On Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods.
每逢星期天，有许许多多的人从城里来参观我们的小镇，并在树林中散步。
Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy. Litter-baskets have been placed under the trees, but people still throw their rubbish everywhere.
游客们已被告知要保持树林的整洁。树下都已设置了废物筐，但是人们仍到处扔垃圾。
Last Wednesday, I went for a walk in the woods. What I saw made me very sad. I counted seven old cars and three old refrigerators.
上星期三我到树林里去散步。我所见到的一切使我非常难过。我数了一下，有7辆旧汽车和3个旧冰箱。
The litter-baskets were empty and the ground was covered with pieces of paper, cigarette-ends, old tyres, empty bottles and rusty tins. Among the rubbish I found a sign which said，‘Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted.’!
废物筐是空的，而满地都是纸片、烟头、旧轮胎、空瓶子和生锈的空罐头盒。在垃圾堆中我发现了一块牌子，上面写着：“凡在此树林里丢弃垃圾者，将依法处置。”
New words and expressions 生词和短语
surround [s 'raund] v. 包围 wood [wud] n. 树林
beauty spot ['bju:ti-sp t] 风景点 hundred ['h ndrid] n. 百
city ['siti] n. 城市 through [θru:] prep. 穿过
visitor ['vizit ] n. 参观者，游客，来访者
tidy ['taidi] a. 整齐的 litter ['lit ] n. 杂乱的东西
litter basket 废物筐
New words and expressions 生词和短语
place [pleis] v. 放 throw [θr u] v. 扔，抛
rubbish ['r bi ] n. 垃圾 count [kaunt] v. 数，点
cover ['k v ] v. 覆盖 piece [pi:s] n. 碎片
tyre ['tai ] n. 轮胎 rusty ['r sti] a. 生锈的
among [ 'm ] prep. 在…之间
prosecute ['pr sikju:t] v. 依法处置
Key words:
1. surround v. 包围
(1) 围绕，环绕 be surrounded by... 被......环绕/包围
Our crystal is surrounded by enemies.
我方水晶塔被敌人包围。
This house is surrounded by big trees.
这所房子被大树包围着。
(2) adj. surrounding 周围的
surroundings n. (复数)环境，周围的事
the surrounding areas 周边地区
2. wood [wud] n. 树林
wood woods forest
① n.（复数）树林，森林（通常比forest小）
eg. She got lost in the woods. 她在森林中迷路了。
② n.（不可数）木材，木料
eg. This house is made of wood. 这栋房子是木制的。
wooden adj. 木头的，木制的
a wooden case 一只木箱子
3. beauty spot 风景点
a beauty spot/a beauty mark 美人痣

There are a great number of beauty spots in Jiangsu Province.
4. hundred ['h ndrid] n.百
five hundred
hundreds of 数以百计的…，几百的…
thousand, million, billion
即：有s就有of，有数字就没有s
5. city n. 城市
live in the city 住在城里
country
n. 国，国家；全国人民，全体国民（the country）；乡下，乡村；地区，区域；乡村音乐；故乡
adj. 乡下的，农村的；乡村音乐的；祖国的，故乡的；粗鲁的
We should plant more trees in the city.
我们应该在城里多种些树。
6. through
prep. 穿过，从一端到另一端；透过（玻璃、窗户等）；越过（地区或空间），在……之间；断开，洞穿；（在应停处）径直通过；以，凭借；贯穿，遍及；自始至终，从头至尾；<美>直至；彻底地（查看或检查）；经历，度过；胜利完成；（提议、观点）获得通过，得到批准
Look through the window.
walk through 走过 go through 经受；仔细检查
all through 一直；始终
through and through 完全；彻底；彻头彻尾
易混介词 along, across, through
He likes to drive along the river.
Don't run across the road.
Go through the bridge, please.
总结：　　
(1) along 沿着
(2) across 横穿（表面）
(3) through 穿过（立体空间）
The policeman is helping the old man go across the street.
（从物体表面穿过）
go through the forest（指从物体空间内穿过）
7. visitor 参观者，游客，来访者
visitors from China 从中国来的游客 visitor centre 游客中心
词形扩充：visit v. 拜访；参观
I visited my teacher last week.
He wanted to visit his brother. I visited the Great Wall in 2002.
职业名词的构成
(1) 动词后加er/以e结尾的加r
wait →waiter 服务员 write →writer 作家
(2) 在动词后加or
visit→visitor 参观者 act→actor 男演员
(3) -ist 后缀
science→ scientist 科学家 art →artist 艺术家
8. tidy adj. 整齐的
e.g. I always keep my room tidy.
我一直保持我的房间整洁。
常用搭配：neat and tidy 整齐
反义词： untidy, messy
9. litter n. 杂乱的东西、垃圾
If you see litter on the ground, please pick it up.
如果你看到地上有垃圾，就把它捡起来。
Please don’t drop litter. 请不要乱扔垃圾。
no litter 禁止扔垃圾
litter basket 废物筐
rubbish bin
10. place
v. 放，安置
He placed the books on the right.
n. 地方；场所
place of interest 名胜古迹
take place 举行 ; 进行 ; 产生
in place of 代替 ; 取代
take the place of 代替 ; 取代 ; 代理 ; 替代
in the first place 第一
11. throw v. 扔，抛 (throw - threw- thrown)
Please throw me that towel.
请把那条毛巾扔给我。
throw a dice 扔骰子
throw down 扔下
throw…at… 投向，向…投去
throw… back into 把…扔回…里
throw … into 把…扔到…里
throw away 扔掉
12. rubbish n. 垃圾(不可数名词)
e.g. Our job is clear away the rubbish.
a rubbish can 垃圾桶
throw the rubbish 扔垃圾
13. cover v. 覆盖；n. 封面；包装纸；盖子
常用搭配：be covered with… 被......覆盖
冬天地上覆盖着雪。
The ground is covered with snow in winter.
14. count
v.（按顺序）数数；计数，点数目；把……算入，包括；重要；被允许，被接受；看作，认为
n. 计算，总数；数数；量的计数；（被指控的）罪状，事项；论点，观点；伯爵；（纱线的）支数
count on 依靠 ; 指望 ; 期待
first count 第一拍
Count Basie贝西伯爵 ; 西爵士 ; 贝西公爵
15. piece n. 碎片
the pieces of glass 玻璃碎片
pieces of paper 许多纸片
a piece of news 一则新闻
a piece of bread 一片面包
a piece of advice 一条建议
a piece of chalk 一支粉笔
a piece of cheese 一块奶酪
16. tyre n. 轮胎
a spare tyre 备用轮胎
17. rusty adj. 生锈的
a rusty nail 一枚生锈的钉子
rusty cans 生锈的罐头
The lock on the door is rusty.
My French is a bit rusty. (生疏的)
18. among prep. 在......之间（三者或三者以上）
e.g. Tom 在所有的学生中是最高的一个。
Tom is the tallest among all the students.
The boy is sitting _________ the two girls.
Miss Li is standing _________ the students.
19. prosecute v. 依法处置
If you leaves litter everywhere, you will be prosecuted.
如果你随地乱扔垃圾，将被依法处置。
Thanks for
your listening!

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