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2025译林版高中英语选择性必修第四册
Unit 2　Understanding each other
Part 3　Extended reading, Project, Assessment & Further study
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.His application was 　　　　(拒绝) once again, which made him disappointed.
2.(2024江苏苏州月考)Athletes from our school team have won many gold medals in table tennis 　　　　(比赛) in recent years.
3.There is no reason to be p　　　　 about the future, because we are young enough to do everything.
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.He began to slip into a bad habit of smoking.词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
2.The thief was caught trying to slip into the room.词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
3.The floor is wet, and be careful not to slip.
词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
4.He recited the whole poem without making a single slip.词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
5.(2023浙江1月)His popularity has slipped since the final season of the show.
词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.Mary is fluent 　　　　　 English and she's just started to learn Japanese.
2.White represents 　　　　　(pure) in that culture, which is why a bride wears white on her wedding day.
3.Because this activity will be presented on the English website, I 　　　　　(sincere) want you to give me some advice.
4.Another reason why I oppose 　　　　　(study) abroad is that it would cost a considerable sum of money.
5.Many people find 　　　　　 worthwhile to join a reading club.
6.The author intended to tell us that a man should learn 　　　　　(suit) ways to deal with life.
7.After a while, she apologized for the way 　　　　　 she talked to me.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.鉴于你想要保持健康,我想向你推荐一项理想的运动——慢跑。(given)
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, I'd like to recommend an ideal sport to you—jogging.
2.(2022全国甲)你在任何一个特定的国家待的时间越长,你就会开始对这个国家的异域文化习俗感到越舒适。(the+比较级...,the+比较级...)
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 in any given country, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
3.We didn't realize that the world is not as pure and simple as we thought until we experienced it in person.(句型转换,对时间状语进行强调)
→　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 we realized that the world is not as pure and simple as we thought.
4.随着演出的临近,他有焦虑的倾向。(一句多译)
①With the show approaching, he 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.(tendency)
②With the show approaching, he 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.(tend)(读后续写—心理描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Word borrowing comes about when two cultures with different languages interact. This phenomenon 　1　(occur)for thousands of years. With the 　2　(develop)of globalization and communication technology, different 　3　(culture)interact more easily and get closer together. Words are more likely to be borrowed from the source language at a 　4　(fast) pace than ever before. However, the process is still complex, 　5　 takes time before new words are integrated 　6　 everyday speech.
There are two 　7　(differ) attitudes towards borrowed words. The English-speaking community 　8　(ready) welcomes borrowed words while the French official linguistic organization creates new words in order to avoid borrowed words. For better 　9　 for worse, the tendency 　10　(borrow) words has never gone out of style.
1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　
6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024湖南娄底月考)
Emojis are widely used in our daily lives and have become 　1　 important way of communication. The first emojis were created in 1999 by Japanese designer Shigetaka Kurita, 　2　 worked on a mobile Internet platform 　3　(call) i-mode. Kurita attempted to develop a simple way for people 　4　(express) emotions in short text messages.
As emojis gained 　5　(popular), they faced a significant technical hurdle(障碍): early emojis could not 　6　(send) across different mobile platforms, since there was no standardized encoding. This issue was resolved in 2010 by the Unicode Consortium, an organization responsible 　7　 maintaining a standardized encoding of text and symbols across platforms. This allowed for cross-platform communication and continued expansion in emoji usage worldwide.
Given 　8　(they) origins in Japan, many early emoji characters were reflective of Japanese culture. As they've spread 　9　(global), new characters have been added to account for cultural differences and provide a more universal means of communication. Users must also consider cultural sensitivities when 　10　(communicate) via emojis, as certain symbols can have hugely different meanings across different cultures.
1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　
6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
Ⅲ.阅读理解
(2023湖南长沙市雅礼中学期中)
Which's more important: your employee or your customer A popular business expression is, “The customer is always right.” But you should never say “always”.
The owners of a restaurant in Alaska won international praise for protecting their autistic(孤独症的) employee.
When the employee delivered the wrong food to a customer's house, that customer reacted violently and unkindly. Even after the employee corrected the slip, the customer continued to shout. And that same customer was even rude to the restaurant owners' daughter. So the owners “fired” the customer.
Restaurant owners P.J. and Spiro Gialopsos have added the customer to the restaurant's “Do Not Deliver” list. That customer is now persona non grata, Latin for “an unwelcome person”.
P.J. Gialopsos wrote on the restaurant's Facebook page, “You would think the majority of the population would have learned or at least heard about autism.”
P.J. said, “The employee has worked at the Little Italy Restaurant in Anchorage, Alaska, for two years. He was very upset about the angry customer.”
P.J. described the employee as a seriously gifted university student who is curious about the world. She added that the employee also has “an amazing personality, a great sense of humor and a strong work ethic”.
“This employee is also one who will not have to deal with that rude customer anymore,” added P.J.
Reached at home by reporters, P.J. said she was happy about the positive comments she and her husband were receiving. By Tuesday afternoon, her Facebook posting about the incident gained more than 30,000 “Likes” and hundreds of positive ments and e-mails came from Australia, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Namibia and the United Arab Emirates.
P.J. said she spent a couple of emotional days crying over the posts on the Facebook page. She added that many parents from around the country who have children with autism wrote to her about the incident. “Their stories broke my heart,” she said. Another comment on Facebook that she found “striking” was from a woman who thanked them for hiring someone who is “differently abled”.
1.Why did the owners of the restaurant receive praise 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.They always put their customers first.
B.They had a “Do Not Deliver” list in their restaurant.
C.They “fired” a customer for hurting their autistic worker.
D.They promised to deliver food to their customers' house.
2.What made the customer angry
A.The employee acted unkindly.
B.The food delivered to his house was not what he ordered.
C.The owners' daughter was very impolite.
D.He was considered as an unwelcome person.
3.Why did P.J. cry when she read the posts on Facebook
A.She was moved by others' comments.
B.Children with autism were grateful to her.
C.Nobody understood what she had done.
D.Stories on the Facebook page hurt her feelings.
4.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.A restaurant guide.　　　B.A news report.
C.A research paper.　　　D.A personal diary.
Ⅳ.七选五
(2023湖北新高考联考协作体联考)
We've all hurt someone we love to varying degrees. I am always impressed when someone recognizes their role and wants to take responsibility. That's the first step. 　1　 Here are several things to keep in mind:
You probably hold powerful beliefs about apologizing. 　2　 It can be helpful to reflect on how your family handled mistakes and forgiveness while you were growing up. Did your family show you what an apology sounds like If apologizing is new to you, validate (证实) how scary and uncomfortable it may feel to admit you are wrong.
Your intention matters. Why do you want to apologize Did you do something that actually deserves an apology or are you trying to keep peace 　3　
　4　 When someone is hurt, they may not want to hear your apology right away. There may not be a “perfect” time, but forcing someone to speak to you or hear you out before they are ready can feel less like an apology and more like an ambush. Sometimes, our urgency is driven by guilt or fear of losing someone, misaligning(使不一致) our timing with the person's need for some space to process relevant information.
An apology is not a magic cure. Just because you have apologized, it doesn't mean everything will go back to normal. 　5　 An apology can strengthen a relationship, but it may also just allow you to part company in a friendly way. Have realistic expectations and make sure that you don't pressure someone to “go back to normal” right away.
A.Your words matter.
B.But apologizing is not always easy.
C.You need to choose your timing wisely.
D.Explore any hesitation or fear you may have.
E.Before apologizing, pause and reflect on why you are saying sorry.
F.It will take time for the relationship to be repaired and perhaps shift into its new dynamics.
G.We should apologize because we want to take responsibility and because it represents who we are as people.
1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　
Ⅴ.读后续写
(2023河北沧州阶段练习)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
For my fourteenth birthday, my mom offered to take me and several friends of mine to the city nearest our small town to visit a mall, go shopping, eat pizza and then watch a movie. All the friends I'd invited showed up except Nora. I felt confused and angry.
So, as soon as I returned to my house, I gave her a call. “It's my birthday! You didn't come, and you didn't even let me know. What kind of friend are you How could you do this to me ”
Then Nora explained she had to stay at home because she got sick. “OK, so you're sick...But how was I supposed to know if you didn't tell me ” I answered. It only grew worse from there, and Nora cried as we hung up moments later. Immediately, her mother called back. Angrily, she told me how much I'd hurt her daughter, how much Nora had wanted to join us, and that she was the one to change Nora's plan. Still thinking only of myself, I ended the call with Nora's mom and still felt angry.
At school on Monday, I found it easy to avoid Nora since she and I had no classes together. For the rest of the school year, we hardly spoke.
The next year I entered a senior high school, with twice as many students as in my junior high school. I made some new friends and kept some old ones. But my friendship with Nora had been in the past.
Years later—just over twenty, to be specific—I discovered Facebook suggested Nora as an online friend. We'd attended the same school and had many Facebook friends in common; it made sense. So, I sent the friend request. Nora accepted.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
　　After several days of polite online communication,I began to reflect on that phone conversation with Nora years ago.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　Immediately,she responded with a message of her heartfelt forgiveness.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 2　Understanding each other
Part 3　Extended reading, Project,
Assessment & Further study
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.rejected　2.contests　3.pessimistic
Ⅱ.1.动词;陷入　句意:他开始染上吸烟的坏习惯。
2.动词;溜　句意:小偷被发现试图溜进房间。
3.动词;滑倒　句意:地面是湿的,小心不要滑倒。
4.名词;错误　句意:他一字不差地背诵了全诗。
5.动词;下降　句意:自演出最后一季以来,他的人气有所下滑。
Ⅲ.1.in　考查介词。be fluent in... ……讲得流利,故填in。
2.purity　考查名词。设空处作宾语,应用名词,purity“纯洁”为不可数名词。故填purity。
3.sincerely　考查副词。句意:因为这个活动将会在英文网站上呈现,我真诚地希望你能给我一些建议。设空处修饰动词want,应用副词,故填sincerely。
4.studying　考查动名词。句意:我反对出国留学的另一个原因是出国留学要花一大笔钱。oppose doing sth.反对做某事,故填studying。
5.it　考查代词it的用法。句意:许多人认为加入阅读俱乐部是值得的。分析句子可知,此处是“find+宾语+宾补”结构,真正的宾语是动词不定式短语to join a reading club,应用it作形式宾语。
6.suitable　考查形容词。句意:作者想要告诉我们,一个人应该学会应对生活的合适方法。设空处作定语,修饰ways,应用形容词,表示“合适的”。故填suitable。
7.that　考查定语从句。句意:过了一会儿,她为自己同我说话的方式道歉。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词the way,关系词在从句中作状语,应用that。
Ⅳ.1.Given that you want to keep fit/healthy　2.The more time you spend; the more comfortable　3.It was not until we experienced it in person that　4.①has a tendency to get anxious　②tends to get anxious
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.has been occurring　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语for thousands of years和语境可知,occur表示的动作从过去一直延续到现在,并且有可能持续下去,应用现在完成进行时,主语是名词单数形式,助动词应用单数。故填has been occurring。
2.development　考查名词。根据空前的the和空后的of可知此处应用名词,故填development。
3.cultures　考查名词复数。设空处作主语,根据谓语动词interact可知,主语应用复数形式,故填cultures。
4.faster　考查形容词比较级。根据空后的than可知设空处应用比较级,故填faster。
5.which　考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词process,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which。
6.into/with　考查介词。integrate A into/with B表示“使A与B合并”,此处为此短语的被动形式,故填into或with。
7.different　考查形容词。设空处修饰名词attitudes,应用形容词,故填different。
8.readily　考查副词。设空处修饰动词welcomes,需用副词,故填readily,表示“乐意地”。
9.or　考查固定短语。for better or for worse表示“不论好坏”。
10.to borrow　考查动词不定式。设空处作后置定语,修饰tendency,应用动词不定式,the tendency to do sth.表示“做某事的倾向/趋势”,故填to borrow。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了表情符号的起源、传播等信息。
1.an　考查冠词。设空处修饰可数名词way,泛指“一种重要的沟通方式”,应用不定冠词,且important的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。
2.who　考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Shigetaka Kurita,关系词在从句中作主语,指人,故填who。
3.called　考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知,设空处在从句中作后置定语,修饰Internet platform,动词call与Internet platform之间是被动关系,应用过去分词,故填called。
4.to express　考查不定式。设空处作后置定语,修饰way,应用动词不定式,故填to express。
5.popularity　考查名词。设空处作gained的宾语,应用名词popularity,为不可数名词。故填popularity。
6.be sent　考查动词的语态。send和主语emojis之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,且could not后跟动词原形,故填be sent。
7.for　考查介词。短语be responsible for表示“对……负责”。故填for。
8.their　考查代词。设空处修饰名词origins,应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
9.globally　考查副词。设空处修饰动词spread,应用副词,故填globally。
municating　考查现在分词。此处为状语从句的省略,communicate与Users之间是主动关系,应用现在分词,故填communicating。
【高频词汇】　1.attempt v.尝试　2.emotion n.情绪
3.significant adj.重大的　4.maintain v.维持,保持
【差距词汇】　standardized adj.标准化的
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了阿拉斯加的一家餐馆的老板因保护了他们的孤独症员工而赢得了国际赞誉的故事。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段和第三段可知,因为一位顾客态度恶劣、言语粗鲁,伤害了这家餐馆的孤独症员工,所以这家餐馆的老板“解雇”了这位顾客,他们因此得到了赞誉。故选C项。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,孤独症员工送错了食物,使得这位顾客收到的不是他点的食物,因此他很生气。故选B项。
3.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,她在脸书上收到很多有孤独症孩子的父母的留言和一位女士感谢他们雇用了一个“残疾”人的评论。由此可推断,她被脸书上的其他人的评论感动哭了。故选A项。
4.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Reached at home by reporters, P.J. said...”可知,P.J.在家中接受了记者采访,而且全文多次出现P.J.接受采访时说的话,由此可推断,本文最可能来自一篇新闻报道。故选B项。
【高频词汇】　1.expression n.词语,措辞;表示　2.deliver v.递送　3.violently adv.凶狠地　4.majority n.大多数　5.be curious about对……好奇　6.personality n.个性,性格　7.comment n.评论　8.incident n.事件
长难句
原句　Another comment on Facebook that she found “striking” was from a woman who thanked them for hiring someone who is “differently abled”.
分析　本句为主从复合句。that引导定语从句,修饰先行词Another comment;两个who都引导定语从句,分别修饰先行词a woman和someone。
译文　脸书上另一个她认为“异乎寻常的”评论来自一位女士,那位女士感谢他们雇用了一个“残疾”人。
Ⅳ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在道歉时需要记住的几件事情。
1.B　过渡句。上文提到人们认识到自己的角色并想承担责任是第一步,下文介绍了几件道歉时需要记住的事情,由此可知,设空处承上启下,B项“但是,道歉并不总是容易的。”符合语境。故选B项。
2.D　细节句。本段从道歉时的内心信念入手,思考自己成长过程中家人是如何处理错误和原谅的,从而消除自己的犹豫和恐惧,坚定信念,D项“探索你可能存在的任何犹豫或恐惧。”与下文衔接紧密,符合语境。故选D项。
3.E　细节句。根据本段中心句以及设空处上文可知,你的意图很重要,要知道为什么要道歉,E项“道歉之前,停下来认真思考一下你为什么要道歉。”承接上文,符合本段主旨。故选E项。
4.C　主旨句。设空处是本段的主旨句。下文提到当一个人受伤后,他们可能不想立刻听到你的道歉,而是需要空间来处理相关信息,因此本段的中心思想与道歉的时机有关。C项“你需要明智地选择时机。”能够概括本段主旨。故选C项。
5.F　过渡句。上文提到仅仅因为你道歉了并不意味着一切都会恢复正常,下文提到道歉可能会加强这段关系,但也可能让你们以友好的方式分手,F项“它(这段关系)会需要一段时间才能修复,然后也许会转为新的动态。”承接上文提到的关系不一定会恢复正常,引出下文提到的关系可能会出现的动态。故选F项。
【高频词汇】　1.impressed adj.钦佩,有深刻的好印象　2.recognize v.认识到　3.responsibility n.责任　4.apologize v.道歉　apology n.道歉　5.reflect on认真思考　6.handle v.处理,解决　7.admit v.承认　8.deserve v.值得,应得
【差距词汇】　dynamics n.[pl.]动态
长难句
原句　It can be helpful to reflect on how your family handled mistakes and forgiveness while you were growing up.
分析　本句为主从复合句。主句是“It+be+adj.+to do sth.”句型,It作形式主语,动词不定式是真正的主语;how引导的宾语从句作reflect on的宾语;while引导时间状语从句。
译文　认真思考一下在你成长过程中,你的家人是如何处理错误和宽恕的,这会很有帮助。
Ⅴ.
写作指导
情节线 情感线
故事要素 Time on the author's fourteenth birthday, on Monday, the next year, over twenty years later 困惑且生气 生气 后悔 高兴
Place in the city nearest the author's small town, in the author's house, at school
Character the author, the author's mom, several friends of the author's, Nora, Nora's mom
What The author invited Nora to her fourteenth birthday activity, but she didn't come, so the author felt very angry and ended their friendship.
情节 Beginning Nora没有参加作者的生日活动,作者很生气。
Development 作者打电话质问Nora,但不理会Nora的解释。作者在学校躲避Nora,很少与她说话,两人的友谊结束。多年后,作者发现脸书将Nora推荐为好友,于是作者向Nora发出了好友请求,Nora接受了。
续写方向 Para. 1 After several days of polite online communication, I began to reflect on that phone conversation with Nora years ago. ①作者回想过去有何感悟 ②作者向Nora道歉了吗
Para. 2 Immediately, she responded with a message of her heartfelt forgiveness. ①Nora有何回应 ②作者和Nora 的友谊恢复了吗
One possible version:
After several days of polite online communication,I began to reflect on that phone conversation with Nora years ago. I recognized how self-centered I'd been. There were no cellphones back then. I didn't even give her a chance to talk to me face to face at school, and I regretted how I treated her. Regardless of the fact that decades had passed since that telephone call, I wanted to make things right. I logged into Facebook and began composing an apology letter and then sent it to Nora.
Immediately,she responded with a message of her heartfelt forgiveness. She told me how she'd missed me after that birthday celebration. She wanted to stay friends with me. After that, Nora and I often shared with each other things about our children, jobs or new recipes. We were happy to bring a sad moment from the past to a healthy conclusion.
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