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(共24张PPT)
数词的表达3
大数、半数及数字运算
初中英语语法课件
ENGLISH LESSON
英
英
语
语
堂
堂
课
课
目 录
01
大数的表达
02
03
半数的表达
数字的运算
PART ONE
大数的表达
数字 形式 例词
100~ 999 整百 位数 由1~9后面加“hundred(百)”构成。 100→one hundred; 200→ two hundred
300→three hundred; 500→five hundred
600→six hundred; 700→seven hundred
800→eight hundred; 900→nine hundred
非整百 位数 由“整百位数+整十位数+个位数”构成,百位数与十位数之间用“and”连接,十位数与个位数之间用连字符“-”连接。如果没有十位数,则百位数和个位数之间用and连接。 223→two hundred and twenty-three
320→three hundred and twenty
444→four hundred and forty-four
108→one hundred and eight
one hundred
/w n h ndr d/
百 100
one thousand
/ w n θa znd /
千 1000
ten thousand
/ ten θa znd /
万 10000
one hundred thousand
/ w n h ndr d θa znd /
十万100000
million
/ m lj n/
百万1000000
ten million
/ ten m lj n/
千万10000000
a hundred million
/ h ndr d m lj n/
亿 100000000
billion
/ b lj n/
十亿 1000000000
≥ 100
100 a/one hundred;
1,000 a/one thousand;
1,000,000 a/one million;
1, 000,000,000 a/one billion = a/one thousand million
记住哦！
1,000以上的基数词的读法
从右至左三逗开，一逗千，二逗百万，
三逗就是十万万，左右三位分开读，
987，210，978，564
千
百万
十万万
five billion, one hundred and
twenty-three million, four hundred and fifty-six thousand,
one hundred and twenty four
5,1 2 3,4 5 6,1 2 4
1,000以上的基数词的读法
读一读
PART TWO
半数的表达
half是一半的意思，可以用作名词、形容词或副词，
并且在不同的语境中具有多种用法和搭配。
I ate half of the apple. 我吃了一半苹果。
He only filled half the form. 他只填了一半表格。
I half agreed with your suggestion. 我部分同意你的建议。
The bottle is half full. 瓶子是半满的。
He was only half joking. 他只是半开玩笑的。
half作名词
half作形容词
half作副词
half作形容词
half作形容词
表示半个：
half a/an + n.(s.) = a/an half + n.(s.)
half a apple = a half apple half an hour = a half hour
表示一个半：
a + n.(s.) + and a half = one and a half+ n.(pl.)
an apple and a half. one and a half apple
两个半：
two + n.(pl.) + and a half = two and a half + n.(pl.)
two apples and a half two and a half apples
We waited for half an hour .
We waited for a half hour.
我们等了半小时。
It took the workers one year and a half to complete the building.
It took the workers a year and a half to complete the building.
工人们花费了一年半的时间修建完成这个建筑。
She ate two cakes and a half yesterday.
She ate two and a half cakes yesterday.
她昨天吃了两个半蛋糕。
固定搭配 ：
half the time 一半的时间
Half the time, I don't even know what he's talking about.
一半的时间，我甚至不知道他在说什么。
half the price/cost 半价/半费用
I bought the book at half the price. 我半价买了这本书。
half an inch/mile 半英寸/英里
I'm just a half a mile from here. 我还有半哩路就到了。
PART THREE
数字的运算
is/are
equals/equal
makes/make
is/are equal to
3+16=19
Three and/plus sixteen are/is nineteen.
Three and/plus sixteen equal(s) nineteen.
Three and/plus sixteen make(s) nineteen.
Three and/plus sixteen is/are equal to nineteen.
加法运算
减法运算
is
equals
leaves
is equal to
20-4=16
Twenty minus four is sixteen.
Four from twenty equals sixteen.
Four taken from/subtracted from twenty is sixteen.

乘法运算
is/are
makes/make
equals /equal
4×5=20
Four times five is/are twenty.
Four multiplied by five makes/make twenty.
is/are
makes/make
除法运算
gives
is
equals
makes
is equal to
goes
20÷4=5
Twenty divided by four is five.
1．It took him ____ to find the key to the drawer.
A．one and half hours
B．one and a half hours
C．one and a half hour
D．one and half hour
practice
B
2．—____ 7 by 8.
—7 _ __ by 8 equals 56.
A．Multiply; multiplied
B．Multiply; multiply
C．Multiplied; multiply
D．Multiplied; multiplied
practice
A
3．We read 10, 206 like this:
A．one thousand, two hundred and six
B．one thousand two hundreds and six
C．ten thousand, two hundred and six
D．ten thousands and two hundreds and six
practice
C
4．The world may have 9 ____ people by 2050.
A．billion
B．billions
C．billion of
D．billions of
practice
A
5．The number of the students in our school is about nine ______. ______ of them are boys.
A．hundreds; Two thirds
B．hundred; Two thirds
C．hundred; Two thirds
D．hundreds; Two third
practice
B
THE END(共28张PPT)
数词的表达4
数目 数量 长宽高重 温度
初中英语语法课件
ENGLISH LESSON
英
英
语
语
堂
堂
课
课
数目
数量
温度
长宽高重
目 录
PART ONE
数目的表示
确切数目
不确切数目
数目表示
确切数目+ hundred, thousand, million等的单数表示
hundred, thousand, million等的复数形式加 of表示
two hundred
hundreds of
确切不确切数目表示法记忆口诀：
百、千、百前具体数，
后无-s和of;
如前没有具体数，
后加-s 和 of。
确切数目加 hundred, thousand, million等的单数表示。
The man sent four hundred books to a mountain village
school on Children's Day.
在儿童节那天,这个男人向一所山村学校送了两百本书。
Two thousand people took part in the sports meet.
2000人参加了运动会。
与具体数字连用, hundred, thousand, million 等用单数
不确切数目用 hundred, thousand等的复数形式加 of表示。
There were hundreds of teachers attending this meeting.
有数以百计的老师参加了这次会议。
Millions of people around the world suffer from hunger every day.
世界上数百万人每天都在挨饿。
The oil well extended several hundreds of feet in depth.
hundred,thousand等前还可以被 many, several, few 等词修饰
PART TWO
数量的表达
1.约数的表达
大于某数用 more than, over, or more等表示
more than ten books 十多本书
students of eighteen and over 18岁以及18岁以上的学生
30 students or more 30及30以上
小于某数用less than, under, below, almost, nearly 等表示
It’s nearly (almost) 8 o’clock. 快八点了。
He is under 13 years old.他还不到13岁。
It was ten degrees below zero last night.
昨天夜里的气温是零下10摄氏度。
1.约数的表达
大约数的表示法
可用or, or so, about, around, more or less 等表示
Mary will go to Beijing in one or two days. 玛丽过一两天去北京。
It spends me 1 hour or so to finish everyday.
每天我大概需要一个小时来完成它。
The toy will cost around (round, about) 20 dollars.
这个玩具大概要20美元左右。
I read more or less fifty pages last night. 我昨晚看了大约50页。
2.表示“再要几个”
another+数字+复数可数名词
数字+ more/ other+复数可数名词
Can you give me another two apples
= Can you give me two more apples
你能再给我两个苹果吗
I have to spend two more hours to do my homework.
= I have to spend another two hours to do my homework.
我不得不另外花2个小时做作业。
3.复合形容词作定语
数词+名词+名词/形容词结构（复合形容词）作定语时，名词用单数形式，复合形容词中各部分要用连字符来连接。
8- year - old boy
5 - meter - long bridge
数词+名词+名词/形容词
+
名词
复合形容词
修饰
3.复合形容词作定语
He‘s an ten-year-old girl.她是一个10岁的小女孩。
Usually children have an 8-week holiday in summer.
孩子们在夏天通常会有8周的假期。
There is a three-metre-long rope on the chair.
椅子上有一根3米长的绳子。
the workers have to work in a ten-metre-deep well.
工人们不得不在10米深的井里工作。
PART THREE
长宽高重的表达
表示长度、宽度、高度、深度等，可用“基数词 + 单位词 +形容词”结构，可作为复合形容词来修饰后面的名词。
We need a stick about 10 meters long.
我们需要一根约10米长的绳子。
The well is about 40 meters deep.
这口井约40米深。
The man is 2 meters high.
这个男人两米高。
有时也可用“基数词 +单位词 +in +长度或重量的名词”表示长度、宽度、高度、深度等。
The river is eight meters wide.
=the river is eight meters in width.
这条河8米宽。
The fish is two feet long.
The fish is two feet in length.
这条鱼有两英尺长。
表示重量时，可用 in weight 结构，不用heavy结构。
How heavy is the tiger
It’s 300 kilograms.
= It’s 300 kilograms in in weight.
The box is 10 kilos.
= The box is 10 kilos in weight.
The box is 10 kilos heavy.（Ⅹ）
PART FOUR
温度的
表达
在表示温度时
非零下温度用基数词+degree(S)+单位词。
1°C: one degree centigrade
29°C: twenty nine degrees centigrade
零下温度用基数词+degree(S)+below zero+单位词。
Minus+基数词+degree(S)+单位词。
-1°C: one degree below zero centigrade
-29°C: twenty nine degrees below zero centigrade
= Minus twenty nine degrees centigrade
What's the temperature today
今天多少度？
It’s ten degrees
centigrade.
今天10度。
What's the temperature today
今天多少度？
It’s 10 degrees
below zero centigrade
今天零下10度。
How heavy is the box
How long is the river
It’s 1000 metres long.
How tall is the man
How high is the mountain
It’s 8 kilos in weight
He is 1.85 metres tall.
It’s 8,850 metres high.
描述长、宽、高、重量、温度的主要结构
What's the temperature
It’s ten degrees centigrade.
1．Canton Tower is one of the tallest buildings in the world. It is ____.
A．600-metre-high
B．600-metre high
C．600 metres high
D．high 600 metres
practice
C
2．—Mom, I’m hungry. Are you going to have lunch
—Yeah, but it’s not ready. Please wait for ___ five minutes.
A．other B．another
C．more D．else
practice
B
3．Lesson ____ is so difficult that it will take them ____ to learn it.
A．Sixth; two and a half days
B．Six; two days and half
C．Sixth; two and a half day
D．Six; two days and a half
practice
D
4．_____ the workers have done most of the work. They’d like to rest for a while.
A．Thousand of
B．Two thousand of
C．Two hundred
D．Hundreds
practice
B
5．Water ______ at zero _____.
A．froze, degree centigrade
B．frozen, degree Fahrenheit
C．freezes, degree Celsius
D．freezes, degrees centigrade
practice
D
THE END(共28张PPT)
初中英语语法课件
介词及介词的分类
介词（preposition）用于表示名词与名词、代词、动词或短语之间的关系的词。介词常常位于句子中的其他词之前，用于说明时间、地点、方式、原因、目的等。
介词的定义
介词是虚词，能与名词、
动词等构成短语介词。
同一个场合意义不同，
用法也不相同。
根据构成
划分
根据形式
划分
根据介词构成
根据介词意义
简单介词
合成介词
双重介词
短语介词
时间介词
让步介词
方式介词
地点介词
原因介词
其他介词
简单介词
简单介词指由一个单词构成的介词
at in on to for by
在.. 在…里 在…上 至；到; 往 对于，为了 被，由
with of from before after near
与…一起 ...的 从... 在...之前 在...之后 在...附近
since up like off about against
自从... 在…上 像... 从...脱离 关于 逆着 靠着
behind under among as during over
在...后面 在…下面 在…中间 作为 在...期间 在…上面
简单介词
1. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。
2. Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东部。
3. I sold my bicycle at a low price. 我以低价把我的自行车卖了。
4. This box is made of paper. 这个盒子由纸制成。
5. The book is on the table. 书在桌子上面。
简单介词
6. I went to the park with my friends.我和我朋友一起去公园。
7. Can you tell me something about yourself
你能告诉我关于你的事情吗？
8. He died from the wound. 他受伤而亡。
9. We pushed through the crowd to get to the front.
我们挤过人群走到了前面。
10. I get up before 6 o’clock. 我六点之前起床。
合成介词指由两个词合在一起构成的介词
into within throughout
到…里面 在(某段时间)之内 自始至终
upon onto towards
在…之上 到…之上 向…朝着
inside outside without
在…内 在…之外 没有,缺乏
合成介词
1. I traveled throughout Europe in my twenties.
在二十多岁时，我已游历了整个欧洲。
2. The United Nations' work is towards peace.
3. 联合国的工作是为了实现和平。
4. The enemy was upon us. 敌人逼近我们。
5. I can‘t be outside. 我做不到置身事外。
6. He worked late into the night. 他工作到深夜。
合成介词
双重介词指的是由两个介词组成的介词
up to from behind until after
多达 在……后面 直到 之后
out of at about from among
在……外 在大约······ 从·····中间
from under from around from inside
从·····之下 从·····周围 从·····里面
双重介词
双重介词
A shot rang out from inside the theatre.剧院里响起一声枪响。
A light appeared from behind the curtain.窗帘后面出现了一盏灯。
People get water from under the ground.人们从地下取水。
I can take up to 6 people in my car. 我的汽车最多能坐6个人。
The sun finally peeped out from behind the clouds.
太阳终于从云层后面露了出来。
短语介词由一个或几个简单介词和一个或几个其他词类组合构成，只相当于一个介词。
for the sake of instead of in spite of
为了 替代；而不是 不管
in view of in case of except for
由于；鉴于 以防 除了
on behalf of in front of in charge of
代表 在······前面 主管
短语介词
短语介词
1.We just had soup instead of a full meal. 我们没有吃全餐,只喝了汤。
2. The teacher in charge of our class is fond of music.
我们的班主任老师喜欢音乐。
3. Except for a broken desk, the room is empty.
除了一把破旧的桌子，这个房间是空的。
4.Take an umbrella with you in case of rain. 带把伞吧,以防下雨。
5. In view of this, the decision may not be easy.
考虑到这点,可能很难作出决定。
时间
介词
in, on, at, after,
before, from…to,
past, between, for
He gets up at six in the morning.
他早晨6点起床。
I will go swimming after class.
我课后准备去游泳。
I usually finish work between 4 pm and 6 pm.
我通常在下午四点和六点之间下班。
地点介词
under, over, near, beside, between, above, inside, below
We went into the classroom and began to read the books.
我们走进教室开始读书。
On a cold evening it is pleasant to sit by the fire.
在寒冷的夜晚，坐在炉火旁边很舒服。
让步介词
In spite of ,despite for all, with all
Despite the rain, we still went to the school.
尽管下雨,我们还是去了学校。
For all his poor, he was still happy .
尽管他很穷,但他很快乐。
with all his experience, he couldn`t get the job.
尽管他有经验,他还是没能得到这份工作。
原因介词
for, from, to, with, because of, at
She told him the truth from a sense of loyalty.
她告诉他真相是出于忠诚。
we canceled today's activities because of the bad weather.
因为天气不好,我们取消了今天的户外活动。
He was surprised at the news. 他听到这消息大吃一惊。
方式介词
by, in , with
through
I learned English by watching movies.
我通过看电影来学习英语。
They were speaking in English.
他们在用英语讲话。
He caught the ball with his left hand. 他用左手接球。
其他介词
as, over, but for, like, in case of besides, without
She is dressed in red.
她穿着红色的衣服。
I don't like a house without a garden.
我不喜欢没有花园的房子。
Besides food, we also need to bring some drinks.
除了食物,我们还需要带点儿饮料。
1.在上海 ____ Shanghai
3.在电影院 ____ the cinema
5.在海边 _____the sea
7.在河里 _____the river
9.树上的梨子 pears ____the tree
11.树上的小鸟 birds ____the tree
13.在天空上 ____the sky
15.在图书馆外 ________the library
17.在校园里 ______campus
19.在街道上 ______the street
in
at
by
in
on
in
in
outside
on
in
2.相邻，靠近 next ___
4.将来 ___ the future
6.由于,幸亏 thanks ___
8.过了一会儿 _______ a while
10.在地球上 ___ earth
12.放学______ class
14.展出 ___ show
16.值日 ___ duty
18.独立, 单独 all ___ oneself
20.令(某人)惊讶 ___ one’s surprise
to
in
to
after
on
after
on
on
by
to
记一记
practice
1．Today, there are still a lot of people who
prefer to ____ the Huangpu River____ ferries.
A．across; on B．cross; on
C．cross; by D．across; by
C
practice
2．The man ____ a blue coat is standing ___ my father.
A．wears; in front of
B．in, in the front of
C．in, in front of
D．wears, in the front of
C
3．The students went to the museum _____ No. 10 bus. As they were caught _____ a traffic jam, they were late _____ the lecture.
A．in; in; for B．by; by; to
C．on; by; to D．on; in; for
practice
D
4．We have T-shirts _____ red, blue and white _____ only 15 dollars.
A．in; at B．of; for
C．for; on D．in; for
practice
D
5．—What do you think of being a volunteer _____ the Youth Olympic Games
—Well, I feel proud that I can work here _____ a volunteer.
A．about; for B．for; about
C．as; for D．for; as
practice
D
THE END(共22张PPT)
介词的句法功能
初中英语语法课件
ENGLISH LESSON
英
英
语
语
堂
堂
课
课
介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语，在句中可以作宾语、定语、表语、补足语和独立成分。
介词宾语
介词短语
介词
作状语
作定语
作表语
作宾补
独立成分
The post office is just across the street邮局就在街对面your help is of great value to us，你们的帮助对我们很有价值
介词短语的句法功能
介词短语可以做：
状语: There is a apple on the table. 动作发生的地点等
表语: The apple is on the table. 系动词后面
定语: the apple on the table is mine. 名词后
补语: Put the apple on the table. 解释说明宾语的状态
The post office is just across the street邮局就在街对面your help is of great value to us，你们的帮助对我们很有价值
介词短语的句法功能
SVO+介词短语
SVO+介词短语 SVO+介词短语 SVO+介词短语
作状语 作定语 作补语
介词短语作状语绝多数是对于句子的发生提供一个时间、地点、方式或原因。所以有的是时间状语，有的是地点状语、方式状语或原因状语。
作状语
Because of the traffic , I was late for class.
由于交通拥堵，我上课迟到了。
Ten students in our class will celebrate
their fourteenth birthdays in October.
我们班有10个同学将在10月份过他们14岁的生日。
There was a garage at the back.
后边有一个车库。

介词短语作定语一般是后置定语，就是介词短语放在名词的后面，对前面的名词起到修饰作用。
作定语
The books on the table are interesting.
桌子上的书很有趣。
Trees on both sides of the road are good shade.
路两边的树是很好的阴凉。
The girl in red is my elder sister.
穿红衣服的女孩是我的姐姐。
介词短语作表语非常好识别，表语的位置就是在系动词的后面，所以我们只要见到系动词就能识别到表语了。
作表语
The post office is just across the street.
邮局就在街对面。
your help is of great value to us.
你们的帮助对我们很有价值。
I'm on the train now, heading towards the city.
我现在在火车上准备去城里。
根据句子的结构，介词短语作宾补的时要放在主谓宾的后面，对于前面的宾语的状态起到描述作用。
作宾补
We found everything in good condition.
我们发现一切安好。
He helped the old man across the street.
她帮助这位老人过马路。
We found her in tears.
我们发现她满脸泪痕。

介词短语可以作为独立成分出现在句子中，用以提供时间、地点、方式等背景信息，不与句子其他成分构成语法关系。
独立成分
In short , she is not qualified for the job.
简而言之，她对这份工作不胜任。
By the way, would you please tell me the way
顺便问一下，你能不能告诉我路往哪走
As a matter of fact, you are taller than him.
事实上，你比他个子高。

TIP
介词短语作为独立成分时，位置相对灵活，但通常位于句首或句末，起到开篇点题或总结说明的作用。
without a second thought, she jumped into the icy water .
她毫不犹豫地跳进了冰冷的水中。
介词短语作宾补
介词短语作表语
介词短语作定语
介词短语作状语
介词短语作宾补
介词短语作表语
介词短语作状语
介词短语作定语
She left the ball in the garden.
The ball is in the garden.
The ball in the garden is hers.
She played ball in the garden.
Don’t let Mary go and keep her at home.
Mary is still at home.
Mary grows flowers in the garden.
The flowers in the garden are beautiful.
two
1．In which country do people greet one another ___ a kiss _____ each cheek
A．use; in B．use; on
C．with; in D．with; on
practice
D
two
2．We usually stay _____ home _____ Saturday afternoon.
A．at, in B．at, on
C．in, at D．on, on
practice
B
two
3．—Inner Mongolia lies ____ the north of China.
—Mongolia lies _____ the north of China.
A．on; in B．at; in
C．on; at D．in; on
practice
D
two
4．The house _____ a big garden looks _____.
A．with; beautifully
B．has; beautiful
C．with; beautiful
D．has; beautifully
practice
C
two
5．Zhang Yi won the Golden Rooster Award ____
Best Actor _____ his role in the film Cliff Walkers.
A．for; in B．for; for
C．in; for D．for; as
practice
B
THE END(共29张PPT)
ENGLISH LESSON
英
英
语
语
堂
堂
课
课
常考介词用法辨析1
（时间介词）
初中英语语法课件
知识要点
02
03
01
in, after
by, before, until
04
at, in, on, during
for, since
类别 常考介词 举例
表年、月、 日、时刻 at, on, in at noon； at 8 o’clock；on Sunday； on a cold winter morning；in July;
表时间的前后 before, after before noon; after lunch
表某个时间点之前、开始、结束 by, until, till by 5 o’clock; until next week；till now
表某个时间段 for, during, through during the summer； for 3 days; through February
表时间的起点 from, since from 9 to 5;since last week
表时间的经过 in, within in 2024; in September; within 7 days
中考常见表时间介词
at, in, on, during
01
at, in, on, during
①at表示时间点，通常用于具体的时刻、年龄或重大节日前。
We usually go to school at eight.
我们通常 9点开始上班。
She got married at the age of 28.
她28岁时结婚了。
We eat moon cakes at Mid-Autumn Festival.
我们在中秋节吃月饼。


。
at+具体时刻
at+年龄
at+节日
②in强调时间段，表示在较长的一段时间内，后多接年代、月份、四季或某一天的上午、下午或晚上的时间段。in还可表示在将来。


。
in+月份
in+季节
in+一段时间表将来
She was born in September, 2006.
她2006年九月出生。
I like to fly a kite in the park in spring.
我春天喜欢在公园里放风筝。
The work must be finished in 7 days.
这个工作必须七天内完成。


②in强调时间段，表示在较长的一段时间内，后多接年代、月份、四季或某一天的上午、下午或晚上的时间段。in还可表示在将来。
I will be on vacation in August.
我将在八月度假。
In the early mornings, we often go jogging in the park.
每天早晨, 我在公园里慢跑。
He often watched the boats returning to port in the late afternoon.
他常常看到小船在傍晚正回到港口。
泛指某一天的傍晚
泛指某一天的早上
In+月份
③on用于星期几、具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上前，也可用于节日前。
Ｉam wearing a shirt on Monday.
我星期一穿衬衫。
The girl was born on the morning of 18th.
这个小姑娘18号的早上出生了。
On the eve of the New Year, there will be a family dinner.
新年前夕，有一顿丰盛的家庭晚餐。

On+节日
具体某一天早上
on+星期几
TIP
on the morning和 in the morning区别
in the morning　不具体指哪一天早上
on the morning　on the morning of +日期 They said so on the morning news.
I get up early in the morning.
不是每天早上， 单指今天早上的新闻
每天早上， 泛指几乎每天情况一样
④during “在 期间”，强调时间的延续。表示动作可以贯穿这段时间的始终，也可以表示发生在这段时间中的某个时刻或某一个时段。
I use the Internet at work during my lunch hour.
我上班时在午餐时间上网。
Don't speak during the meal.
吃饭时别说话。
They swim every day during the holidays.
他们在假期天天游泳。
during +假期这段时间
动作贯穿吃饭始终
动作发生在午餐这段时间
for, since
02
for, since
①for后接表示一段时间的词语，表示动作状态持续的时间长短，可以翻译成“共计 时间，用 时间”，但没有指明动作具体发生的时间。
They have lived in Beijing for more than twenty years.
我在这个城市住了十多年了。
I slept for eight hours last night.
昨天晚上我睡了八个小时。
I have had the bike for three years.
我拥有这辆自行车三年了。
居住的状态持续超过20年
睡觉的动作持续超过８小时
拥有的状态持续了３年
②since “自从，自 以后” ，后接时间点，通常与完成时连用，表示一直延续的动作或行为，谓语动词为延续性动词。
The school has been here since 1980.
那家工厂自从1999年春天就在那里了。
I haven't seen him since last week.
自从上周以来,我就再也没有见到他了。
He's been there ever since you left!
从你离开后我一直在那。
。
常见延续性动词复习
study lie keep
work know have
stand walk wait
watch sing read
sleep live stay
非延续性动词－延续性动词转化
borrow buy put on go there come here
keep have wear be there be here
come back leave open close go/get out
be back be away be open be closed be out
finish/end become get up begin/start
be over be be up be on
in, after
03
in, after
①“in+时间段　“在 之后”，常以说话时间为基准来计算时间。表示需要多长时间之后动作才能发生，谓语动词常用一般将来时。
I'll be back in a month.
我将在一个月后回来。
It's seven o'clock. I will come back in two hours.
现在是7点。我2个小时之后回来。
They will get married in a year.
他们将要一年后结婚。
②“after+时间点或时间段”，在……之后”,after 指的是以过去时间或将来时间为起点的一段时间以后,因此常用于一般过去时或一般将来时。
His car stopped working after two weeks , so he started walking.
两周后他的汽车跑不动了，因此他开始步行。
The meeting will begin after 2:00 p.m.
会议将在下午2点之后开始。
Mary came back after a year.
玛丽一年之后来的。　

by, before,
until/till
by, before, until
04
①by　“最晚不迟于 ，到 为止” 。如果by之后是将来的时间，则与将来时连用；如果是过去的时间，则与过去完成时连用。
Lunch will be ready by 11:00.
午饭将在11点之前准备好。
By the time I got home, he had already left.
当我到家时,他已经离开了。
By the end of the day, I will have finished all my assignments.
到今天结束,我将完成所有的作业。
②before “在 之前”，指的是动作具体发生的时间，而不是动作延续的时间，也不是动作最迟的时间限制。
I will be finish my homework before supper.
我将在晚饭前完成作业。
Before eating the apple, I washed it carefully.
在吃苹果之前，我把它仔细洗过了。
I like to go for a run before a breakfast.
我喜欢早饭前去跑步。
③until/till用在肯定句中，意为“直到 为止”，谓语动词为延续性动词；用在否定句中，意为“直到 才”，谓语动词为非延续性动词。在非延续性动词的否定式中，二者可通用，但位于句首。
We didn't leave until the very end.
我们直到最后才离开。
I will work here until/till six o'clock.
我在这里将一直工作到6点。
Until now I have always lived alone.
直到现在,我一直独自生活。
at后接时间点，千万别忘“work”、“night”和“Christmas”。
at noon/night, in the day,习惯用语记心间。
用in一般“上下午和晚上”, on常用于天, in常用于月、季、年。
on表示在具体某一天及具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上。
By前 by后 时态要一致 ，until注意否定句。
TIPS
practice
1．I have an important meeting ______ the morning of October 10th.
A．in B．on
C．at D．with
B
2．— Is your birthday party ____ December
— No. It is ____ Monday, November 26th.
A．on; in B．in; on
C．on; on D．in; in
practice
B
3．—When is the ping-pong match
—It’s ____ eight o’clock ___ the afternoon of June 8th.
A．at; on B．at; in
C．on; in D．in; on
practice
A
4．—Can you hear someone playing the guitar
—Yes, it’s Ann. She practices the guitar ____ an hour every day.
A．after B．for
C．during D．in
practice
B
5．Simon is not allowed to go out in the evening unless he promises to be home ___ 10 o’clock at the latest.
A．since B．by
C．after D．till
practice
B
THE END(共30张PPT)
ENGLISH LESSON
英
英
语
语
堂
堂
课
课
常考介词用法辨析2
（地点方位介词）
初中英语语法课件
知 识 要 点
03
05
01
between, among
in,on,to
in, on, at
04
06
02
into, onto, out of, off
across.through, past
08
in front of, in the front of
above,below, over, under ,on
07
near, beside, next to
中考常见表地点的介词
on
between
near
behind
in front of
in the front of
under
中考常见表地点的介词
in, on, to
介词 用法 例句 图例
in “位于”，表示在某一地区之内的方位（属于该范围） Xinjiang lies in the west of China. 新疆在中国的西部。
on “位于”，表示在某一地区之外的方位（不属于该范围） Henan province is on the south of Hebei province. 河南省在河北省的南边。
to “位于”，表示两地点相邻、接壤 Haikou is to the south of Beijing. 海口在北京的南边。
01
in,on,to
A
B
B
A
B
A
Heilongjiang lies in the northeast of China.
Sichuan province is on the north of Yunnan province.
Guangxi is to the south of Henan province.
练一练
Jilin is in the east of China. 吉林位于中国的东部。
Henan is on the south of Hebei. 河南在河北的南方。
China lies to the north of Japan. 中国在日本的北边。
in front of,
in the front of
02
in front of, in the front of
介词 用法 例句 图例
In front of 表示在某一空间外部的前面，表示建筑物或者无生命的具体位置时更常用in front of, 其反义词是behind。 The policeman is standing in front of the bus. 这个警察站在公交车前。
In the front of 表示在某一空间内部的前面。与in front of的区别是弄清楚是在某一个空间的内部还是外部。 There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室前面有一块黑板。
in, on, at
介词 用法 例句 图例
in “在…里面”，表示在某范围或空间的内部。 A ball is in the box. 盒子里有个球。
on “在…上面”，表示在某个物体的表面上，且与物体表面接触。 My bag is on the desk. 我的书包在桌子上。
at 多指较小地方或某一点的具体位置。没有限制的点或地点，不强调“在…里面”或“在…上面” We met at the bus station. 我们在公交车站会面。
03
in,on,at
Apples are on the tree.
birds are in the tree.
above, below, over, under，on
04
above,below, over, under，on
介词 用法 例句 图例
above “在…之上”，斜上方（不接触） A plane flew above our heads. 一架飞机从我们头上飞过。
below “在…之下”，斜下方（不接触） The sun sank below the horizon. 太阳落到了地平线下。
over “在…正上方”，垂直之上（不接触） There is a bridge over the river. 　　河上有一座桥。
under “在…正下方”，垂直下方（不接触） They sat under a big tree, 　　他们坐在一棵大树下。
on “在…上；在…旁”，上方（接触） There is a red apple on the desk. 桌子上有一个苹果。
between, among
05
between, among
between 表示“2者之间”，常和and连用构成短语between…and…
among 表示“在……之间”（3个或3个以上）
There is a river between the two mountains. 两座山之间有一条河流。
Don't eat between meals. 两餐之间不要吃零食。
I live among the mountains. 我住在群山之中.
He hid among the branches.他爬上树，藏在树枝后面。
into, onto,
out of, off
06
into, onto, out of, off
介词 用法 例句 图例
into 表示进入 The girl threw a stone into the river. 那个女孩把一块石头扔进河里。
onto 表示到另一个平面上 Don't jump onto the desk, will you 跳到桌子上去，好吗
out of 表示从…中出来 Let's get out of this place! 咱们离开这儿吧！
off 表示脱离某一地方或物体 He took his feet off the desk. 他把脚从桌上移开。
near, beside, next to
07
near, beside, next to
near: 在…附近(有距离）
The hotel is near the beach. 这家旅馆靠近海滩。
beside: 与…紧挨着（通常是左右)
Come and sit beside us. 过来坐在我们旁边吧。
next to: 与…相邻(通常有顺序关系）
My house is next to the bank. 我的房子临近银行。
across. through, past
介词 用法 例句 图例
across 表示从表面横穿 They can swim across the river. 他们能游过这条河。
through 表示是 从内部空间穿过 They walked through the forest. 他们走过了森林。
past 从某一物体的旁边经过 They drove past a big supermarket.他们开车经过一家大超市。
across.through, past
08
in在里面on在上，by和beside在近旁；
next to 在旁边，通常表示有顺序；
above斜上方，below恰好反方向；
over用在正上方，under表示正下方；
四个介词不接触，但on表上要接触；
in front of表在前，反义behind在后面；
注意有the没有the，意思千万别混淆；
从里穿过用through，表面通过across；
进到里面用into，落到上面用onto；
from表示自何方，to和towards表朝向。
口诀要
记住哦！
practice
1．Do you walk ____ the food shop every day
A．pass B．Past
C．through D．across
B
2．—Where is the post office
—It’s ____ Center Street. It’s across ____ the park.
A．next to; on B．in; on
C．on; from D．at; from
C
practice
3．—Do you mean the new library is _____ our school
—Yes. It’s across from our school.
A．opposite B．among
C．through D．over
A
practice
4．Japan lies ____ the east of China. And the United States is ____ the south of Canada.
A．on; to B．to; on
C．in; to D．with; on
B
practice
5．—Look! There are so many oranges ___the tree.
—Wow! And I see a bird is ___ the tree, too.
A．in; on B．on; in
C．on; on D．in; in
B
practice
The End

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