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中考专题：主谓一致：
语法一致原则
不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：To see is to believe.（眼见为实。）
表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：The students are having their math class.（学生们正在上数学课。）
and 连接主语时，需要分情况讨论：
- 该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：Eating vegetables and doing exercise are good for our health.（吃蔬菜和做运动对我们的健康有好处。）
- 指的是“同一个人或事物”（and 后面的名词前面没有冠词），则谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如：The writer and teacher is coming.（那位作家兼教师来了。）
both...and...连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：Both Peter and Mike come from England.（彼得和迈克都来自英国。）
有些只有复数形式的名词（如 glasses，shorts，trousers，jeans，shoes，clothes，gloves 等）作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：Jack's glasses are broken.（杰克的眼镜坏了。）
“a number of + 复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of + 复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：A number of trees have been planted.（许多树已经被种植了。）The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120.（我们学校男教师的数量超过 120 人。）
不定代词 another，each one，either，neither，the other，somebody，someone，something，nobody，everybody，everyone，everything，nothing，anybody，anything，anyone，no one 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：Is everyone here （大家都在这儿吗？）Something is wrong with my computer.（我的电脑出问题了。）
主语后面跟 with，along with，like，except，besides，as well as，together with，including，no less than，rather than，as much as 等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致。
例如：Mei Mei，with her parents，often goes to the park on Sunday.（梅梅和她的父母经常在周日去公园。）
A teacher，together with some students，is standing at the gate.（一位老师和一些学生正站在门口。）
主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind（sort/type/form/pair/cup/glass/piece/load/block/box/handful/quantity/ton/metre/…）of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式。
例如：This kind of car is made in China.（这种车是中国制造的。）Large quantities of water are needed.（需要大量的水。）
“分数或百分数 + 名词”作主语或“a lot of/lots of，plenty of，most of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。
若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；
若名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：Two thirds of the work has been finished.（三分之二的工作已经完成了。）
Most of the books are written in English.（大部分书是用英语写的。）
意义一致原则
有些集体名词如 crowd，family，team，group，government，class，staff，public 等，作主语时谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定。表示一个集体单位时，动词用单数形式；表示集体中的成员时，谓语用复数形式。
例如：His family isn't large.（他家不大。）
His family are fond of watching sports programs.（他的家人喜欢看体育节目。）
有些集合名词如 people，police，cattle，poultry（家禽）等，形式上是单数，而意义上表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如 news，means，works，physics，politics，maths 等，形式上是复数，而意义上表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：The police are searching for the murder.（警察正在搜捕凶手。）Physics is really difficult for me.（物理对我来说真的很难。）
“the + 某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：The young are energetic.（年轻人充满活力。）
某些代词或短语如 half（of），plenty（of），the rest（of），（a）part（of）等作主语时，谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数。
例如：Half of the work has been finished.（一半的工作已经完成了。）Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time.（一半的工人已经提前完成了他们的工作。）
就近原则
当主语被某些连词（短语）连接时，谓语动词的数与离它最近的词保持一致。
例如：Either my father or brother is coming.（我父亲来，要不然就是我弟弟来。）
Not only you but also they are good students.（不仅你是好学生，而且他们也是好学生。）
There is a pen and some books on the desk.（课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。）
中考真题以及模拟
1．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）—There ________ many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best
—Climbing a Tower by Wang Zhihuan.
A．are B．is C．were D．was
2．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）In China, a number of birthday persons ________ cakes with candles. The number of candles ________ the person’s age.
A．has; is B．eats; are C．eat; is
3．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Look! There ________ some information about traffic rules in this book.
A．is B．are C．was
4．（2023·湖南湘西·中考真题）There ________ a Miao Drum Culture Festival (苗鼓文化节) in the southwest of China next weekend.
A．is B．will have C．will be
5．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）Not only Jim but also his sister ________ a few cities since they came to China.
A．have visited B．has visited C．visited D．visits
6．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）The number of students in this school ________ five hundred, and about ________ of them like creative English homework.
A．is; three fifth B．is; three fifths C．are; three fifth D．are; three fifths
7．（2023·西藏·中考真题）There ________ a clear lake in my city.
A．be B．am C．is D．are
8．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）There ________ many modern high-speed railways in Jiangsu and they help people travel easily.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
9．（2023·四川雅安·中考真题）—Lucy, the Dragon Boat Festival is coming. I want to learn how to make zongzi.
—OK. If my grandma ________ free tomorrow, she will teach us.
A．is B．are C．am D．will be
10．（2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题）— There ________ a lot of new magazines in our school reading room.
— Oh, really Shall we go there this afternoon
A．is B．was C．are D．were
11．（2023·辽宁抚顺·中考真题）Look! There ________ some information about traffic safety in this book.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
12．（2023·吉林长春·中考真题）There _______ some beautiful flowers on the teacher’s desk now.
A．is B．was C．are D．were
13．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）Xu Mengtao won the 2022 Touching China award. Never giving up ________ the key to her success.
A．is B．are C．were
14．（2023·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）The students ________ how to do eye exercises just now.
A．was taught B．were taught C．taught
15．（2023·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）— Could you tell me something about Yuan Longping
— Yes, he’s called the “Father of Hybrid Rice”. He helped to save ________ China ________ the world from hunger.
A．neither; nor B．either; or C．not only; but also
16．（2024·内蒙古兴安盟·二模）—It is said that ________ people who the car accidents have killed ________ more than three hundred all across China in the past 3 months.
—So everyone should know more about the traffic rules.
a number of; is B．the numbers of; are
C．numbers of; are D．the number of; is
17．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）—Do you think ________ more pollution in a few years
—Yes! So we must do something to save the earth.
A．there is B．there will have C．there are D．there will be
18．（2024·黑龙江·三模）“A country is truly prosperous (繁荣的) only when its people ________ prosperous,” said President Xi Jinping.
A．are B．is C．were
19．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·三模）The number of volunteers in our school, including some teachers, ________ in the past few years.
A．increased B．has increased C．have increased
20．（2024·四川成都·三模）—What do you think of this restaurant’s food
—It tastes so awful that ________ my brother ________ I like it.
A．both; and B．either; or C．neither; nor
答案解析
1. 答案：A
解析：句子“There many ancient Chinese poems in this book.”是there be句型，be动词的形式要根据后面的主语来确定。这里的主语是“many ancient Chinese poems”，是复数形式，而且句子描述的是一般情况，所以用一般现在时，be动词用are，答案选A。
2. 答案：C
解析：第一个空，“a number of birthday persons”表示“许多过生日的人”，是复数概念，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式，“eat cakes”符合；第二个空，“The number of candles”表示“蜡烛的数量”，是单数概念，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，“is”符合，答案选C。
3. 答案：A
解析：这是there be句型，“some information”是不可数名词，作主语时be动词用单数形式，而且句子是一般现在时，所以用is，答案选A。
4. 答案：C
解析：句子“There a Miao Drum Culture Festival in the southwest of China next weekend.”中，“next weekend”表示将来时间，所以要用there be句型的一般将来时形式，即there will be，答案选C。
5. 答案：B
解析：“Not only Jim but also his sister”连接两个并列主语，谓语动词的形式要根据就近原则，即与“his sister”保持一致，“his sister”是第三人称单数，而且句子中有“since they came to China”，要用现在完成时，所以用has visited，答案选B。
6. 答案：B
解析：第一个空，“The number of students in this school”表示“这所学校学生的数量”，是单数概念，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，用is；第二个空，“three fifths”表示“五分之三”，答案选B。
7. 答案：C
解析：这是there be句型，“a clear lake”是单数，作主语时be动词用is，答案选C。
8. 答案：B
解析：句子“There many modern high - speed railways in Jiangsu”是there be句型，“many modern high - speed railways”是复数形式，作主语时be动词用are，答案选B。
9. 答案：A
解析：这是一个含有条件状语从句的句子，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句中主语是“my grandma”，是第三人称单数，be动词用is，答案选A。
10. 答案：C
解析：句子“There a lot of new magazines in our school reading room.”是there be句型，“a lot of new magazines”是复数形式，作主语时be动词用are，答案选C。
11. 答案：A
解析：这是there be句型，“some information”是不可数名词，作主语时be动词用单数形式，而且句子是一般现在时，所以用is，答案选A。
12. 答案：C
解析：句子“There some beautiful flowers on the teacher’s desk now.”是there be句型，“some beautiful flowers”是复数形式，作主语时be动词用are，答案选C。
13. 答案：A
解析：句子“Never giving up the key to her success.”中，“Never giving up”是一个动名词短语，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，用is，答案选A。
14. 答案：B
解析：句子“The students how to do eye exercises just now.”中，“students”是复数形式，是被教授如何做眼保健操，要用被动语态，而且是一般过去时，所以用were taught，答案选B。
15. 答案：C
解析：句子“He helped to save China the world from hunger.”中，根据常识可知袁隆平不仅帮助中国而且帮助世界解决饥饿问题，“not only...but also...”符合题意，答案选C。
16. 答案：D
解析：第一个空，“the number of...”表示“……的数量”，是单数概念，作主语
时谓语动词用单数形式；第二个空，“is more than three hundred”符合，答案选D。
17. 答案：D
解析：句子“Do you think more pollution in a few years ”中，“in a few years”表示将来时间，要用一般将来时，而且是there be句型，所以用there will be，答案选D。
18. 答案：A
解析：句子“only when its people prosperous”中，“its people”是复数概念，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式，用are，答案选A。
19. 答案：B
解析：句子“The number of volunteers in our school, including some teachers, in the past few years.”中，“The number of...”表示“……的数量”，是单数概念，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，而且句子中有“in the past few years”，要用现在完成时，所以用has increased，答案选B。
20. 答案：C
解析：句子“It tastes so awful that my brother I like it.”中，根据“tastes so awful”可知兄弟俩都不喜欢，“neither...nor...”符合题意，答案选C。

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