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上海2024年七年级英语上册新教材知识点整理
7AU3 Jobs
Job duties Viewing and listening
job duties 工作职责
duty n. 责任；义务；本分It is my duty to report it to the police. 把这事报告给警方是我的责任。
【词转】duties （pl.）职责；任务 e.g. A teacher's duties include correcting students' papers.
【短语】on duty 值班；值勤 e.g. Who's on duty today
off duty下班; 不执勤 e.g. What time do you go off duty？
【拓展】duty还可以指“税；关税”。 e.g. duty free shop（免税商店）。
New Star Middle School is holding a career guidance workshop for students. 新星中学正在为学生举办一个职业指导工作坊。
【词转】hold （held, held） /h ld/ v. 拿着；抓住；容纳；包含；举行；进行；保持（记录等）
E.g. She was holding a large box.
The plane holds about 300 passengers.
The meeting will be held in the community centre.
Who holds the world record for the long jump？
【短语】hold on（电话用语）别挂断，等一下 e.g. Can you hold on I'll see if he's here.
take hold of 抓住；拿着：握着 e.g. Mr Li took hold of the dog by its collar.
【词转】guide n.指南；手册；导游；向导 e.g. travel guide 旅行手 tour guide 导游
v.指导；（给某人）领路；指引 e.g. The coach will guide them through a workout.
e.g She guided us through the busy streets to the city centre.
Public service jobs 公共服务岗位
【词转】service n. 服务 e.g. The food was good but the service was poor.
serve v.（给某人）提供；端上；服务 e.g. She served us a delicious lunch.
What does an actor do An actor entertains audiences by acting, singing or dancing.一个演员通常是干什么的？他通过表演、唱歌或跳舞使观众开心。
【词转】actor n. 演员（常指男演员）
actress n. 女演员 act v.扮演（戏剧、电影中的角色）e.g. Have you ever acted in a play before？
【词转】entertain v. 使娱乐；娱乐；招待；宴客e.g. He entertained us with his jokes.
entertainment n. 娱乐活动Playing board games with friends is a fun form of entertainment.
【短语】by doing...通过做...；通过某种方式 e.g. He makes some money by washing the dishes at the restaurant.
What is an actor's job like on a work day An actor usually gets to a film set early to remember lines, and plays roles in different scenes . 在工作日，演员做怎样的工作？演员通常早早地到达拍摄场地去记台词，并在不同的场景下扮演角色
【句型】"What is … like "相当于" How is .. "，用来询问某人或某物的特征、特点、品质或状态。
E.g. What's the weather like today = How is the weather today
What's your friend's house like = How's your friend's house
【短语】get to 意为“到达”，相当于 reach 或 arrive in/at。
E.g. Allow plenty of time to get to the airport.留出足够的时间到达机场。
【词转】set /set/ n.摄影场；布景；场景 e.g. a film set 电影场景 a stage set 舞台布景 a set designer 布景师
v.设置；放置；树立（榜样）e.g. The film is set in London in the 1960s.
【词转】Line/la n/ n. 台词；排、行、线条 v.line 排队
e.g. She spent hours every day to recite her lines for the school play.
The children all stood in a line.
Students lined up to visit the museum.
role n. 角色；职能；地位；作用
【短语】play an important role in ...在...中扮演重要的角色
e.g. Parents play an important role in their children's lives.
【词汇】scene n. 现场；场景；片段；（戏剧或歌剧的）场
e.g. Firefighters were on the scene immediately.
In the first scene, the camera moves slowly across the room.
We need to stay in shape.我们需要保持体型。
need 既可以用作行为动词，也可以用作情态动词。在这里 need 是行为动词。
【联想】need行为动词： need sth. 或 need to do sth.。否定： not need sth.或 not need to do sth.。
e.g. He needs to travel by taxi. 否：He doesn't need to travel by taxi.
【联想】need 情态动词 否定： needn't do sth.
e.g. You needn't wash the car, for it is raining hard now.
taking care of work emails and phone calls
【短语】take care of 处理；负责
e.g. Don't worry. I'll take care of your problem. 别担心，我会处理你的问题。
【联想】take care of 照顾 =look after 或 care for。
e.g.We've asked my mother to take care of/look after the kids while we're away.
Job qualifications Speaking
Lin Dong turns to the next page of the handout for the workshop and finds out what it takes to do the following jobs. 林东翻到工作坊讲义的下一页，了解做以下工作需要哪些条件。
Or what it takes to do the following jobs 做以下工作需要哪些条件
【提示】这部分是以一个句子的形式作谓语 find out 后的宾语成分，被称为宾语从句。原句是一个问句“What does it take to do the following jobs？”向句在宾语从句中要以陈述句的语序出现。此句相当于“What do we
need to do the following jobs "
Knowledge of biology and art 生物学和艺术的知识
【词汇】knowledge n. 知识；学问 e.g. Knowledge is power.
【提示】knowledge 为不可数名词，没有复数形式。
【联想】knowledgeable adj. 博学的；有见识的；知识渊博的
e.g. Our biology teacher is very knowledgeable about plants.
【词汇】 biology n. 生物学 e.g.Biology is an important subject for understanding life.
【联想】biologist n. 生物学家 e.g.My dream is to become a biologist and study the secrets of the natural world.
High school or above 高中或以上学历
【词汇】above /albAv/ adv.（数目、数量、水平、年龄）超过，更多，更大
e.g.A score of 70 or above will get you an “A”.
【提示】above 还可以作介词：
（1）在 的上面 e.g.we were flying above the clouds.
（2）（数目、数量、水平、年龄）超过，多于，大于 e.g. we can accept children above the age of 10.
【联想】 above all 最重要的是；尤其是e.g. Above all, keep in touch.
Readiness to help others 乐于助人
【词组】readiness to do sth. 乐意做某事
【联想】（be) ready to准备好做某事或处于某种状态
e.g. He's always ready to help his friends with their problems.
Good communication skills 良好的沟通技巧
【词转】communication n. 交流；交际e.g. Good communication helps people understand each other better.
communicate v.交流e.g. To have a good friendship, you need to communicate openly and honestly.
【词组】communicate with sb.和某人沟通
Great curiosity about space 对太空极大的好奇心
【词汇】curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲 e.g. The child showed healthy curiosity.
【联想】curious adj. 求知欲强的；好奇的 e.g. He is such a curious boy, always asking questions.
【词组】be curious about 对...好奇
Years of special training 多年的特辣训练
【词转】training n. 训练；培训 e.g.She has a lot of experience in sports training.
train v.训练；培训 e.g.train sb. in sports
Lin Dong: Hello, Mr Ma!Thank you for coming. 林东：你好，马先生！感你的到来。
Mr Ma:No problem.马先生：没事，我很乐意。
【联想】对于“Thank you.”的回应除了“No problem.”之外，还有几种方式。如：
（1） You're welcome. 你客气了（乐意效劳）。
（2） Not at all. 一点都不麻烦。
（3） That's all right. 没关系，不用谢。（这是一个比较随意的回应）
（4） My pleasure./I's my pleasure. 乐意效劳；这是我的荣幸。（更正式）
（5） Of course./Sure. 没事，（帮助）是理所当然的。
You need to know what things taste good together. 你需要知道哪些东西搭配一起味道好。
【词转】 taste v. 品尝；有 味道 e.g. The soup tastes salty.
taste n. 味道；味觉；鉴赏力 e.g. I don't like the taste of onions.
e.g. I’ve lost my sense of taste.
e.g. He has very good taste in music.
tasty adj. 美味的；可口的；好吃的（相当于 delicious）
Maybe that is why my food is never as good as yours！也许这就是为什么我（做）的食物永远没有你（做）的好吃！
【词汇】maybe /merbi/ adv. 有可能（相当于 perhaps）e.g.Maybe he'll come,or maybe he won't.
【联想】maybe 和 may be 的区分：maybe 是一个副词，通常用于句首。may be 是由情态动词 may 和连系动词 be 组成的短语，在句子中间使用。e.g. It may be true. He may be in the office.
【词组】as ...as ... 和 一样 e.g. She is as tall as her mother.
e.g. He runs as quickly as his brother.
e.g. There are as many apples in the basket as oranges.
【联想】否定not as .. as ..或not so as
The best part is when customers come in and enjoy my food.最美好的时刻是当顾客进来享用我做的食物时。
customer n.顾客；客户
E.g. The customer asked the waiter for the menu.
go to the market early to make sure everything is fresh. 我一大早就去市场，确保每样东西都是新鲜的。
【词汇】everything pron. 每样事物，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；和形词连用时，形容词需后置。
e.g. Everything useful should be kept well.
【词转】fresh adj.新鲜的；新的；新近的 e.g. Make sure you eat plenty of good fresh food.
e.g. We need to take a fresh look at the problem.
e.g. The accident was still fresh in her mind.
学习指引
-----------------------
适合青少年的“工作”
青少年有几种方式可以在校园里得到“工作”。如果有机会，你可以申请成为：an assistant to a school teacher(老师的助手); a school newspaper editor(校报编辑); a PC and internet tutor(电脑和网络助教); a school radio host(学校电台主持人)。
对于每一份“工作”的申请，你都要考虑三个问题：
Why do you want to do the job (即：Why are you interested in the job )
What do you need to do the job (即：What abilities do you have to do thejob )如做学校电台主持人，需要：the ability to speak clearly and confidently, a wide range of knowledge, be knowledgeable, good communication skills, unique style, etc.
What can you do for the job (即：What's your plan for the job )如老师的小助手，可以帮助老师：collect, check and hand out homework, keep the platform and the classroom clean, help correct students’ misbehaviour, offer help when needed, help solve problems when others are in trouble, etc.
询问印象
询问他人印象或看法的语言功能(asking for impressions),有如下一些常用的表达方式：
What do you think of ... 你认为……怎么样
What do you think of the new film 你认为新电影怎么样
How do you like ... 你觉得……如何
How do you like the new restaurant 你觉得新餐馆如何
What's your impression of ... 你对……的印象是什么
What's your impression of the city 你对这个城市的印象是什么
What are your thoughts on ... 你对……有什么看法
What are your thoughts on online learning 你对在线学习有什么看法
How do you find ... 你觉得……怎么样
How do you find the new book 你觉得新书怎么样
针对这一语言功能，可以通过以下方式进行回应：
提供个人的看法或总体印象。如：
I think the new film is fantastic!It's really entertaining.我认为新电影太棒了!真的很有娱乐性。
表达喜欢或不喜欢。如：
I don't like online learning because I miss seeing my friends in class.我不喜欢在线学习，因为我想念在课堂上见到我的朋友。
提出具体的观点或评论。如：
I find the new book quite informative.It's been a great read so far.我觉得新书信息量很大。到目前为止，它读起来很棒。
提供详细的描述或解释。如：
The film was okay,but I felt that the plot was a bit predictable.这部电影还可以，但我感觉情节有点可预测。
[C] Job pride Reading
知识梳理
1. They travel more than 100 kilometers every day. 他们每天奔波一百多公里。
【词转】travel v. 旅行；奔波；传播 n.旅 e.g. I travel 30 kilometers to work every day.
e.g. Light travels faster than sound.
e.g. Our travel plans are still up in the air.
【提示】travel 作名词时不能说a travel，而应该以 trip 或journey 代替，e.g.I met an old friend of mine on a trip to Paris.
2. They bring about 200,000 meals on bikes or on foot to hungry workers, all at exactly 12:30p.m.他们骑车或走路把约二十万份饭带给饥饿的工人，所有的饭都在下午12点30分准时送到。
【词组】 on bikes 相当于by bike，但on bikes 中间可以加上代词，如 on their bikes。
e.g. To be environmentally friendly, the couple chose to go on bikes instead of travelling by car.
【词转】exactly adv.确切地;究竟，到底；正是如此；完全正确
adj.精确的；准确的
e.g. I know exactly how she felt.
e.g. Where exactly did you stay in France？
e.g. We need to know the exact time of your arrival.
3. But only 1 in every around 6,000,000 lunch boxes ever goes missing in one of the biggest cities in the world.但在这个世界上最大的城市之一里，每大约六百万份午餐盒中只有一份会丢失。
【词汇】 ever adv. 在任何时候；从来（用于否定句和疑问句，或与if连用的句子）
e.g. Don't you ever get tired？
e.g. If you're ever in Shanghai, do give me a call.
【词组】go missing 丢失；失踪
e. g.The cat went missing yesterday.
【联想】在 go missing 这个短语中，go用于描述状态的变化。在这个表达中，go后面跟着的是一个形容词，而不是动词的-ing形式。在类似的表达中，go也可以与其他形容词搭配，如go bad（变坏），go cold（变冷）等，都表示一种状态的改变。
4. To people working in the centre of Mumbai, home-cooked meals are like a greeting from their family. 对于在孟买市中心工作的人们来讲，家里做的饭就像是来自家庭的问候。
【语法】working 在此句中是现在分词作定语，修饰 people，表示“（在市中心）工作的人”，可转换定语从句 to people who work in the centre of Mumbai。
【词转】centre（AmE center）n. 中心，中央 ；人口集中的地区；商业中心区；文化中心区
central adj. 中心的
e.g.The school is right in the centre of the village.
e.g.shopping centre（购物中心），community centre（社区中心），cultural centre（文化中心）。
e.g.central Europe 中欧 central London 伦敦中部
【词汇】home-cooked adj. 家常的；自制的
Home-cooked pizza tastes better than the one from the restaurant.
【词转】greeting n.问候；致意
greet v. 打招呼；欢迎；迎接
e.g. She waved a friendly greeting.
e.g. He greeted all his guests with a smile on his face.
5. But it's not easy to travel long distances with a lunch box. 但是带着午餐盒长途跋涉并不容易。
【句型】“It's+形容词+（for/of sb.）+to do sth.”意思是“（对于某人来说）做某事是...”
【联想】如果句中的形容词是对动作进行评价，表示动作的特征，如 easy, difficult, important, necessary 等，则用介词for e.g. It's necessary for us to recite more English words.
如果句中的形容词是对人的性格、品质进行评价，如kind,foolish,friendly,nice,generous 等，则用介词of
e.g. It's kind of you to help me.（你来帮助我真是太好了。）
【词转】distance n.距离
distant adj. 遥远的；远处的；久远的
e.g.The market is within walking distance of my house.
e.g. My grandparents Live in a distant town.
6. Our method is simple but works well.我们的方法简单但是很有效。
【词汇】method n. 方法；措施
【词组】the method to do sth / the method of doing sth
e.g.This method of growing tomatoes never fails.
【词转】work v.奏效；产生预期的结果（或作用）
e.g.The pills the doctor gave me aren't working.
7. In the morning we pick up lunch boxes at people's homes by bike. 早上我们骑车从人们的家里取走午餐盒。
【词组】pick up（通常指开车）接载，取走；拿起；拾起；捡起
E.g.We drove to the airport the next morning to pick up Susan.
E.g.He picked his cap up from the floor and put it back on his head.
8. Then we meet at the local railway station to sort the boxes out. 然后我们在本地火车站碰面，把盒子分好类。
【词组】railway n. 铁路；铁道 e.g. a railway timetable
e.g.We live close to the railway line.
【词组】sort sth.out （sort out sth.）分拣出；挑出
e.g. Sort out any clothes you want to throw away.
9. We use colours, numbers and letters to help each other remember the customers’ names and addresses.我们用颜色、数字和字母来帮助彼此记住顾客的名字和地址。
【联想】address（pl. addresses）n. 地址
home address 家庭住址 email address 电子邮箱地址 website address网址
10.When in Mumbai,each of us delivers meals in a set area.在孟买，我们每个人都会在固定区域内送餐。
【词转】deliver v. 递送；发表；宣布；发布
delivery n. 递送；递送的货物
e.g. The postman delivered the package to my door.
e.g. She delivered a speech at the opening ceremony.
e.g. I got a delivery of fresh flowers this morning.
【词汇】set adj.安排好的；确定的；固定的
e.g.My parents say I have to be home by a set time.
11. The streets can be busy.街道可能很繁忙。
【词汇】 can为情态动词，过去式为could。此句中意为“可能”。
【提示】 can还有几种常见用法：
（1）（表示有能力做或能够发生）能，会e.g.I can run fast.
（2）（表示允许）可以
e.g.You can take the car,if you want.
e.g.We can't wear jeans at work.
（3）（请求允许）可以
e.g.Can I take you home？
（4）（请求帮助）能
e.g.Can you feed the cat,please？
（5）用于否定句，表示某事肯定不真实
e.g.That can't be Mary. She's in New York.
12.We work hard to serve people.我们努力工作为人们服务。
【词转】 serve v. 为 服务 (及物动词，应该直接后接宾语) e.g.serve the people
service n. 服务 e.g.
servant n.服务员e.g.Susan works as a servant.
13. We get back their trust and respect.我们赢得了他们的信任和尊重。
【词转】 trust n. 信任 v. 信任；信赖；相信
e.g.It takes time to build trust.
【词转】 respect v./n.尊重
e.g.She always shows respect to her elders.
e.g.We should respect each other’s difference.
语法梳理
物主代词：有两种形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，都表示所有权。
形容词性物主代词在句中作定语，出现在名词前面，对该名词进行描述，一般不单独使用，如 my career, his service, their audience,our restaurant；名词性物主代词后面不能再加名词，运用名词性物主代词是为了避免名词的过多重复。如：
His jacket is just right, but my jacket is too short.
→ His jacket is just right, but mine is too short.
My watch is five minutes slow. What about your watch
→ My watch is five minutes slow. What about yours
形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词见下表：
形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之间的转换：
This is my method. -- This method is mine.
These are their addresses. --These addresses are theirs.
That is her customer. --That customer is hers.
在表达诸如“我的一个朋友”时，要用名词性物主代词的形式a friend of mine；再如“她的一个亲戚”，应为 a relative of hers。
名词所有格
名词所有格是用来表示某物属于某人或与某人有关的情况。
’s所有格：在英语中，通常在名词后面加上撇号和 s（'s）来表示所有格，如果名词本身已经是复数形式，
需在名词末尾加上撤号（'），以s结尾的单数名词，只需在名词后面加上撇号（'）。
my father's birthday 我父亲的生日
Children's Day 儿童节
The students’ reading room 学生们的阅览室
the writer’s photos 作家们的照片
James' book 詹姆斯的书
Helen's and Mary's rooms 海伦和玛丽各自的房间
Helen and Mary's room 海伦和玛丽共用的房间
2. of所有格：用于无生命名词或出现在有生命名词后。
the gate of our school 学校的大门the window of the room 这个房间的窗an employee of the bank 银行的一个员工
3.双重所有格：在某些情况下，可以使用”of+名词＋”的结构。
a friend of my mother’s我母亲的一个朋友
the lovely child of your uncle's你叔叔的这个可愛的孩子
4. 在所有格后面的表示商店、餐馆、诊所和其他场所的名词往往可以被省略。
John's house → John's
the doctor's office 一 the doctor’s
a chemist's shop → a chemist's
5. 有些表示时间、距离等无生命的名词，也可用‘s的方法构成所有格。
two hours' talk 两个小时的谈话(= a two-hour talk)
ten miles' walk 十英里的路程(= ten-mile walk)
today's news 今天的新闻
New Year's Day 新年
[D] wonderful Jobs Writing
知识梳理
1. in my eyes, its wonderful to be a teacher.在我看来，成为一名教师是一件非常美好的事情。
【词组】in one's eyes 在某人看来，
同意词组：in one’s opinion/in one’s view,from one’s point of view/according to sb.
E.g. The world seems beautiful in n child's eyes.
E.g. In her eyes, honesty is the most important quality in a friend.
E.g. In his opinion (= in his eyes), it's a good idea to keep pet dogs.
2. Teachers give lively and interesting lessons and help us deal with problems. 老师们给我们上生动有趣的课，帮助我们解决问题。
【词转】lively adj. 有活力的；活泼的
living adj. 活着的（修饰名词）
alive adj. 活着的（作表语）
e.g. Jenny is a lively girl.珍妮是一个充满活力的女孩。
e.g. Everything is lively here. 这里的一切都非常有生命力。
e.g. lively discussion（热烈的讨论）：lively music（活泼的音乐）；lively interest（浓厚的兴趣）；lively performance（充满活力的表演）。
e.g. a living fish
e.g. The fish is alive
【词组】deal with 处理，解决()
e.g.Can you help me deal with this difficult problem？
【联想】deal with problems 相当于 solve problems；deal with money（理财）相当于 manage money;deal with customers（与顾客打交道）相当于 handle customers; deal with diseases（应对疾病）相当于handle diseases; deal with complaints（处理投诉）相当于 take care of complaints,
Teachers keep learning and trying new ideas.教师们不断学习，尝试新的想法。
【词组】keep doing 一直、不断做某事
【联想】keep 后要用动名词 doing，表示一直做某事。类似的动词还有enjoy doing（喜欢做某事）；finish doing（做完某事）；practise doing（练习做某事）。
e.g.You can't go out and play before you finish doing your homework.
e.g. If you practise speaking English, you'll soon improve.
e.g. He always enjoys listening to music in his spare time.
4.They matter a lot to us.他们对我们来说非常重要。
【词转】matter v.事关紧要；要紧；有重大影响
n.问题；事情
E.g. Happiness matters most. =Happiness is the most important.
E.g. The children matter more to her than anything else in the world.
= She cares about the children more than anyone else in the world.
E.g. I’d like to talk to you about a personal matter.
E.g. What's the matter？（相当于 What's wrong？）
E) Job descriptions >>Project
Police officer
Police officers are people who help keep our communities safe. They make sureeveryone follows the rules and laws. They investigate when crimes happen andhelp solve them.
Qualifications and training
To become a police officer,you usually need to go to a special school called apolice academy. There, you learn about laws, how to use weapons safely, andhow to handle emergencies. After school, you might train more with experiencedofficers.
Personal qualities
Good police officers are good at talking to people, making good decisions, and staying calm even in scary situations. They also need to be strong and fit becausetheir job can be physically demanding. Being honest and caring about others are also important qualities for a police officer.

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