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选择性必修第二册
Unit 1　Science and Scientists
1．Her family is famous for(因……而出名；be famous as 作为……而出名) producing three famous women scientists，including her two sisters.
2．The couple made great discoveries in the field of uranium fission(铀核裂变)，which drew global attention(吸引全球的关注) and earned them worldwide reputations(赢得世界声誉)，also marking a milestone in the development of China’s experimental fission physics.
3．She passed away(去世) in Beijing in 2011 at the age of 97，nearly 20 years after Qian Sanqiang.
4．She dedicated herself to(致力于……) science，living a simple life，always nurturing young researchers and maintaining the highest standards that she had always valued.(由and连接的三个并列的现在分词短语作状语；that引导定语从句修饰standards)
5．Anti-misting sprays(喷雾剂) are one way to deal with(处理) such fogging.
6．Another approach(方法) is to fix within the thing to be demisted a set of electrically powered heating wires.
approach n．方法；途径；接近 v．接近；靠近 an approach to...(做某事的)方法/途径 at the approach of在快到……的时候 be approaching将要来临
7．Its demisting properties are powered(熟词生义：驱动，推动) by sunlight.
8．Gold acts as(充当) a medium in the heating process.
9．The network will now absorb heat if left in the sunshine.(状语从句的省略)
10．Glass coated(熟词生义：给……涂上) with Mr Hachler’s and Dr Poulikakos’s invention is，they claim，four times more effective at preventing fog than an uncounted surface.(倍数表达)
11．Can you draw an image of what you think a typical day in the forest during spring would look like (what引导的宾语从句作介词of的宾语)
12．As I wrapped up the piece，there followed a short silence(完全倒装) before Kate said...
13．Sometimes all(此处为省略that的定语从句) we need is to use our creativity and try different methods when facing difficulties(状语从句的省略)．
14．I also learned a valuable problem-solving skill，which(引导非限制性定语从句) I applied to(应用于) my daily life.
apply to...for... 向……申请…… apply...to... 把……应用在……上；把……涂抹在……上 apply oneself to (doing) sth致力于/集中精力于…… applicant n．申请人 application n．申请；应用
15．...24-year-old Alex Wong found himself struggling(find＋宾语＋宾补) with his mental health.
16．It was during this time that(强调句型) Wong felt that he needed to find purpose and meaning in his life...
17．Helping my homeless friends(动名词短语作主语) has given my days new meaning and purpose and made me realize how good life can be(how引导宾语从句作realize的宾语)．Unit 2　Bridging Cultures
1．I have heard about this place ever since I got married.(since引导时间状语从句，主句谓语常用现在完成时)
2．I ended up visiting(end up doing 最终做，结果……) it six years after being married.
3．Anyway，I was all set to have a very “average”(熟词生义：普通的，一般的) experience in the south of Italy in every sense but I was in for a surprise.
4．That’s because I have visited a lot of amazing beaches and islands.(because引导表语从句，意为“这是因为……”)
5．If there’s one country that’s so culturally powerful that(如此……以至于……) everyone has to experience it at least once，it has got to be Italy.
so＋＋that从句
6．Faced with(过去分词短语作状语) many challenges，he worked tirelessly to develop chair skills and conditioning that made him more explosive.
7．As I applied to graduate school，I knew I would play wherever I was planning to go(wherever引导地点状语从句)．
8．University of Michigan Adaptive Sports and Fitness was formed in 2018 to address(熟词生义：解决) the inequitable access to physical activity opportunities，competitive and recreational，for students with disabilities at University of Michigan.
9．The Bird Language Diversity web app will help provide a “birds eye view”，ensuring vital information is shared to improve worldwide conservation(现在分词短语作状语)．
10．Without enough sharing of information，this can affect(影响) the effectiveness of conservation measures.
(1)be affected by 受……的影响；被……感动 be affected with感染……疾病 (2)effect n．作用；影响 have an effect on对……产生影响
11．It is classified as(被归类为……) vulnerable species(易危物种) and crosses 108 countries in Europe，Asia and north Africa，where a total of(总共，总计) 75 official languages are spoken.
12．...and is the reason why we’re working hard to improve science communication across languages.(why引导定语从句，修饰the reason)
13．My university is located in(位于，坐落于) Moscow，the capital of Russia，which is a city with a long history.
14．The second(the＋瞬间名词moment，minute，instant，second等，意为“一……就……”，相当于as soon as) I stepped out of(走出) the airport，I immediately felt how cold it was outside.
15．I gradually overcame the difficulties of studying abroad and came to adjust to(适应)my new environment.
adjust v．调整，调节；适应，习惯 adjust(oneself) to sth/doing sth(使自己)适应……；(使自己)习惯…… At first，I find it hard to adjust myself to the new class. adjustment n．调整；调节；适应 adjustable adj.可调整的，可调节的
16．The first challenge was the language barrier(语言障碍)．
17．After learning Russian in China，I realized that my skills were nowhere near enough(远远不够)．
18．Tickets for concerts and cultural events here are relatively cheap，making it easy to enrich my life on weekends.(现在分词短语作结果状语；make it＋adj.＋to do)Unit 3　Food and Culture
1．Franco Bergamino is like a surprise “hidden recipe” among young people in southwest China’s Chongqing Municipality，where(where引导非限制性定语从句) the 62-year-old Italian chef runs(经营) a dessert house called Mimosa(过去分词短语作后置定语修饰a dessert house)．
2．The dessert house serves wine jelly with green pepper cheese，jasmine mousse and peach-Oolong cake—fusion (融合) desserts that combine Italian specialties with(combine A with B 把A与B结合起来) local Chinese ingredients(原料)．
3．In 2016，he settled in Chongqing and set up(建立，创立) a dessert workshop.
4．Mimosa’s consumers are mainly between 25 and 35，a group that is more willing to(be willing to do乐意做某事) try overseas tastes partly due to(因为，由于) China’s continued opening to the outside world.
5．“I hope I can live to 95 and still work，” he said，so that(引导目的状语从句) he can，besides bringing authentic Italian desserts to more customers having a sweet tooth...
6．Here’s a recipe for a good animal rescue story：Take one residential creek (小溪)，add one lone dolphin and then bring in 28 determined(adj.坚决的；有决心的；意志坚定的) biologists.
be determined to do sth 决心做某事(表状态) determine v．决定；查明；裁决 determine to do sth决心做某事(表动作) determination n．坚定；决心
7．Biologists with Clearwater Marine Aquarium had been monitoring(过去完成进行时表示动作的持续) it since Jan.1.
8．Clearwater Marine Aquarium partnered(熟词生义：与……合作) with NOAA Fisheries and the Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission to guard the dolphin to safety.
9．The biologists had to stay shoulder to shoulder(肩并肩地) and navigate[熟词生义：小心翼翼地绕过(障碍)] trees and docks without giving the dolphin an opportunity to slip by.
10．The human encouragement worked(奏效，起作用)，though there was a moment of uncertainty as(as引导时间状语从句) the team members neared(near此处用作动词，意为：接近，靠近) the bridge and weren’t sure if the dolphin went through.(if 引导宾语从句)
11．Days earlier，Sarah Bellamy had received a mysterious email saying (现在分词作定语修饰 email) that(that引导宾语从句作saying的宾语) a wealth management company was interested in discussing the financial crisis of Penumbra.
12．As this story went to press，Scott had just donated her latest money bomb(熟词生义：很多钱)，revealing in late March that she’d given away(捐赠)$3.9 billion.
13．The Wentian lab module was launched from the Wenchang space base (n.基地) on the tropical island province of Hainan with a large crowd of amateur photographers and space lovers watching(with复合结构作伴随状语)．
base...on/upon...把……建立在……；以……为根据 be based on/upon以……为根据(基础) basis n．原因；基础 on a daily/regular basis每天/定期 basic adj.基本的；基础的
14．After 13 hours of flight，it successfully(adv.成功地；n.success；v.succeed；adj.successful) docked(对接) with the Tiangong station’s main Tianhe living module at 3：13 a．m.
15．The Wentian was designed for(为……而设计) science and biology experiments，and its feature is that(that引导表语从句) the 23-ton lab module was heavier than any other single-module spacecraft currently in space.
(1)be designed for.../to do sth为……而设计/旨在做…… (2)by design (＝on purpose)故意地，蓄意地 by accident/by chance偶然地
16．China’s space program launched its first astronaut into orbit in 2003，making it only the third country to do so on its own.(不定式作后置定语修饰the third country)
(1)当中心词是序数词或中心词被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the next，the only，the last等时，常用不定式作后置定语。 (2)一些抽象名词常用动词不定式作后置定语，常见的抽象名词有：ability，chance，ambition，attempt，belief等。Unit 4　Journey Across a Vast Land
1．The walking tour，which covers(行走一段路程) 1.2 miles at a leisurely pace，focuses on(集中注意力于；特别关注) the neighborhood located(过去分词作定语) under the Sydney Harbour Bridge.
cover 一词多义 v．覆盖；够付(费用)；行走(一段路程)；涉及；报道；掩饰 n．封皮
2．Plus，you can see the shoreline of Sydney Cove as well as(和；还) views of Sydney Opera House.
(1)as well as“既……又……”，可连接两个平行结构 (2)as well as连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致
3．Children must be accompanied by(由……陪伴) an adult.
4．It instructed me to turn right once more.With every turn，the street narrowed(熟词生义：变狭窄)．
5．The new road was even narrower，the walls so close you feel hard to hold your breath(屏住呼吸)．
take a deep breath 深吸一口气 out of breath上气不接下气
6．The driver gestured(熟词生义：打手势)，telling(现在分词作伴随状语) me I’ll have to make way.
7．I didn’t have the nerve(熟词生义：勇气) to back up along the impossibly narrow road.
8．Food deserts are generally classified as geographic regions where people have few or limited options to purchase nutritious and affordable(负担得起的) foods like vegetables and fruits.
动词加后缀-able可以构成形容词，如：available可用的，可获得的；comfortable令人舒适的；remarkable引人注目的，非凡的；considerable相当大的，相当重要的；acceptable可接受的；sustainable可持续的；drinkable可饮用的；adjustable可调整的；reasonable有道理的，合情理的；favorable有利的；赞成的；valuable值钱的，贵重的；reliable可靠的，可信赖的，等等。
9．Urban areas lacking access to(接触/使用权) fresh foods are generally divided by racial and economic lines.
have/gain/get access to有接近/使用……的机会或权利 be accessible to……是可以接近/使用的
10．...a lack of access to a vehicle and limited(adj.有限的；v.& n．limit 限制 n．limitation 限制，局限) or nonexistent public transportation contribute to(导致) food accessibility challenges.
contribute to为……做贡献；有助于；促成 contribute...to...为……捐款；向……投稿 make a contribution/contributions to (doing) sth为(做)某事做出贡献
11．Even public utility(设施) challenges，like poorly maintained roads，can prevent big companies from(阻止……) setting up shops in neighborhoods that most need their goods and services，according to Harvard Business Review.
12．There，you will find yourself drawn in and inspired(adj.受到鼓舞的；adj.inspiring 鼓舞人心的；n.inspiration 灵感)！(find＋宾语＋宾补)
13．They also design exhibitions related to visual arts，industrial innovations and anything that(先行词为不定代词，只能由that引导定语从句) inspires an individual to learn about the past and create new paths to the future.
14．They will surely be an exciting part of the educational experience with the main purpose to expose children to(让某人接触……) knowledge of various fields and expand their horizons.
15．They have activities and exhibitions through which(“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句) visitors can learn about local history.Unit 5　First Aid
1．Taking a brief moment to seek help is often the best first response(n.回应；v.respond 对……作出回应，与to连用)．
2．But before an ambulance can get to the scene，the immediate first aid attendance to anyone who(who引导的定语从句修饰anyone) is injured seriously makes a difference(有影响，起作用) between life and death.
3．This is a course designed to provide(过去分词短语作后置定语) a wide variety of(多种多样的) healthcare professionals with the ability to recognize several life-threatening emergencies...
4．In conversations with strangers，people commonly tend to(倾向于) think they should speak less than half the conversation time to be likable.
5．For example，a previous study randomly assigned one in a pair to take on(担任) the role of “speaker” and the other to take on the role of “listener”．
6．Further，we assigned people to speak for up to 70% and even 90% of the time.The result shows it is not an ideal strategy(理想的策略)．
7．Future research should figure out(弄清楚，弄明白)whether our findings generalize to more natural interactions.
8．To communicate better and enrich his later life(丰富他以后的生活)，I bought him an iPhone，but my father strongly resisted using(resist doing sth 抵制做某事) it.
9．For a long time，I could still picture(picture此处为熟词生义，意为“想象”)Dad’s ear emerging on the screen，which(引导非限制性定语从句) made me laugh.
10．He caught on(学会) fast and became crazy about(对……痴迷) it.
11．Researchers are using AI to train robots about appropriate laughter，and to distinguish between
chuckles and screams.(区分/辨别……和……) distinguish...from...使……有别于……；把……与……区分开 distinguished adj.著名的；卓越的；高贵的
12．“We think that one of the most important functions(“one of the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数”表示“最……之一”) of conversational AI is sympathy，” said Dr Koji Inoue，a professor.
13．So we decided that one way a robot can empathize(共情) with users is to share their laughter(动词不定式作表语)，which you cannot do with a text-based chatbot.
14．It may well take more than 10 to 20 years before we can finally have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend.(it＋takes＋时间段＋before...需要多长时间才会……)

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