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选择性必修第三册
Unit 1　Art
1．This contest seeks to encourage(seek to do sth试图做某事；seek for sth 寻求，寻找……) future artists.
2．The winners will have their artwork publicly displayed(have＋宾语＋宾补) at the Capitol for a year，and are also honored at an award.
3．Aside from(除……之外) the prizes，this contest also involves(包含；需要) exhibitions and events to raise awareness(增强意识)．
4．No fee is charged(收费) for this contest.
charge sb money for sth因某物/某事收某人钱 charge sb with (doing) sth＝accuse sb of (doing) sth指控某人犯……罪 in charge of掌管(表状态) in the charge of被……掌管；由……负责 take charge of掌管(表动作) free of charge(＝for free)免费
5．After scouting a location，the group then research the local history of the area they are in to inform(熟词生义：对……有影响) their design.
inform sb about/of sth告知某人某事 keep sb informed of随时通知某人……
6．Once sketched out(状语从句的省略)，the constructions take up to two months to build before they are installed in the dead of night.
7．We like to imagine a world where small animals live parallel to(与……共存) us，and recycle objects we lose or throw away，so a bottle cap becomes a chair，a box of matches becomes a table，a stamp becomes a painting and a trash can becomes a restaurant.
8．They then demand a payment before they will free(熟词生义：释放；使解脱出来) the system.
9．...because not all(部分否定，表示“并非都……”) organizations are willing to report it when they fall victim to(成为……的受害者) this kind of crime.
all，both，each，every，everybody，everything，always，whole，entirely 等具有总括意义的代词和副词与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都……”的意思。
10．Even these limited statistics，however，show the increasing fearlessness of ransomware attackers：the number of attacks in 2020 increased by 20 percent compared with(与……相比) that of the previous year，and the amount of money paid out more than tripled.
compare...with...把……和……做比较 compare...to...把……比作…… compared to/with与……相比 beyond/without compare无与伦比
11．As long as victims keep paying，attackers will keep profiting(熟词生义：获利) from this type of attack.
12．And regular backups allow a company to function(allow sb/sth to do) even if its original data are encrypted.
allow sb to do...允许某人做…… allow doing允许做 有此类用法结构的词还有 permit，forbid 等
13．As a result，security personnel must engage in[(使)从事，参与] a constant game of cat and mouse.
14．I suggest using(suggest doing 建议做……)a sketchbook(素描本) for small studies.
15．Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to(对……至关重要) growth.
16．I post my work on social media and，in turn(相应地)，have met some of the kindest people.Unit 2　Healthy Lifestyle
1．Eating ultra-processed(超加工的) foods for more than 20% of your daily calorie intake every day can set you on the road to cognitive(认知的) decline(n.下降，减少；衰落 v．减少；衰落；下降；衰退)，according to a new study.
on the decline在衰退中；在下降 decline to do sth拒绝做某事
2．Now，the new study has revealed(revealed后为省略that的宾语从句) eating more ultra-processed foods may contribute to overall cognitive decline，including the areas of the brain involved in executive(决策的) functioning—the ability to process(动词不定式作后置定语) information and make decisions.
3．While(引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”) in need of further study and replication，the new results are quite convincing(令人信服的) and emphasize the critical role for proper nutrition in preserving and promoting brain health and reducing risk for brain diseases as we get older.
convinced adj.确信的；坚信的 convince sb of sth使某人确信某事
4．The study，presented(过去分词作后置定语，意为 “展示，展现”；n.礼物；adj.现在的，目前的；出席的，到场的) on August 1 at the 2022 Alzheimer’s Association International Conference in San Diego，followed over 10,000 Brazilians whose average age was 51 for up to 10 years.
5．In Brazil，ultra-processed foods make up[此处意为“占……比例”；其他意思：编造(说法、解释等)；组成；弥补；补偿；化妆；和好；整理] 25% to 30% of the total calorie intake.
6．Beavers(海狸)，like humans，change their surroundings(环境) to fit their needs.
surrounding adj.周围的 surround...with...使……包围…… be surrounded with/by被……包围
7．But county officials were concerned about(关心，担心) how higher water would affect the soil bank supporting Winston Path.
8．The whole audience burst out(突然爆发出) a wave of clapping almost every 30 seconds.
9．It was the first time that(这是……第一次……) she had been on the stage，so I couldn’t blame her for any slip.
10．But the moment that surprised me occurred(发生)．
sth occurs to sb某人突然想到…… It occurs to/hits/strikes sb that...某人突然想到……
11．Small and thin as the girl appeared(部分倒装)，the determined look on her face instantly caught everyone’s eyes.
as/though引导让步状语时采用倒装的情况： 表语提前：Strange as/though it seems，it is true. 谓语动词提前：Try as he might，he didn’t pass the exam. 状语提前：Hard as I studied，I could not catch up with them.
12．Tears of joy(喜悦的泪水) misted my vision when the host announced she won first prize.
13．It’s easy to get overwhelmed(感到不堪重负)when you have a lot on your plate(俚语：忙不过来)．Unit 3　Environmental Protection
1．Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of(各种各样的) ranger programs throughout the park，and throughout the year.
2．Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to(与……相比较) the animals of Yellowstone.
3．Stay for(逗留) as little or as long as your plans allow.
4．Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to(被……吸引) this special place.
5．Moran works at the California Academy of Sciences，which is capped(熟词生义：用……覆盖顶部) by 2.5 acres of living roof where nearly 1.7 million plants，insects and birds flourish.
6．In 2000，just 41 new construction projects were officially rated as(被评为) green buildings in the US.
7．As the leader of the project，Robert Getman said，“Cleaning beaches is good，but it is more effective and cheaper to trap(此处意为“捕获”；v.设陷阱捕捉；使陷入圈套 n．陷阱) garbage in rivers...
8．Still，the waterway and its mangrove trees are home to(是……的家园) wildlife like turtles and birds.
9．Over five years，Marea Verde projects have slowed(熟词生义：使减速，使缓行) the spread of waste along the Juan Diaz River and other Panama’s rivers.
10．However，Wanda Diaz is more advanced and superior in terms of(就……而言，在……方面) technology，and it even has cameras with artificial intelligence(AI) that can recognize and sort different plastics.
11．She expressed her hope that(引导同位语从句) the wheel would also help many more other rivers.
12．But she also pointed out that those who accustomed themselves to[使自己习惯于……； be accustomed to (doing) sth 习惯于(做)……] single-use plastics needed to rethink their behavior.
13．He invited everyone to a hall for a game consisting of(现在分词短语作后置定语) 3 rounds.
consist of是不及物短语用其-ing形式作定语或状语，类似的用法还有：
belong to，measure，weigh，date back to/date from
14．Most of the time，people hide information，avoid collaboration，and distance(熟词生义：与……疏远) themselves from their team members.Unit 4　Adversity and Courage
1．It lacks(缺乏，缺少) buildings，trees，cars，cellphones and the Internet.
(a) lack of 缺乏，缺少…… for lack of因缺乏…… lacking adj.缺乏的，缺少的 be lacking in...缺少……
2．Seemingly limitless(无限的) water extends uninterruptedly in all directions(向四面八方)．
后缀-less表“无或者没有”，常见的以-less结尾的词有：
useless无用的； helpless无助的； hopeless无希望的；stainless无污点的；不锈的
3．My older sister and I were stuffed into a car nearly every summer weekend until my late teens to make the trip from northeast Indiana to the south shore of Lake Erie in Ohio，where(引导非限制性定语从句) Talisman built by my father(过去分词短语作后置定语) waited patiently through the week.
4．However，it wasn’t until about 20 years ago，well into my adulthood，that I took up(开始从事) sailing in a serious way.(含有not until 的强调句)
5．While living in Asia，a sailing friend and I set off across the South China Sea and intended to get(intend to do打算做……) to Thailand，only to be pushed (to do不定式作结果状语) by a late-season typhoon that forced us to make landfall in Vietnam，glad to be alive.
6．Years later，my wife and I lived aboard our 37-foot ship，Symbiosis，while we saved enough to take a two-year leave from our jobs to journey(熟词生义：旅行) down the U．S.Atlantic coast and through the Bahamas and the Caribbean.
7．A few months ago，we found a good deal(熟词生义：优惠的价格) on a smaller sailboat—easier to maintain but still capable of(有……能力) some short offshore journeys.
8．The World Economic Forum predicts the global population will hit(熟词生义：达到) 9.8 billion by 2050，which means we might need to grow as much as double the amount of food we do today...
9．Historically，human intelligence has risen to(成功应对，处理) the population challenge.
10．So the girls teamed up with(与……合作) a national nonprofit group to plant a native garden specially for the monarchs.
11．They also wanted to put up(张贴) an educational sign in town，but it cost a lot.
put up举起；架起；张贴；留宿；建造 put up with 忍受，忍耐 put away 储存……以备用；储蓄 put off 推迟，拖延 put forward 提出(建议，意见)
12．To cover the expense(支付开销)，they set up a stand(n.摊位) at the farmers’ market to sell their healthy milkweeds for people to plant.
13．Although the fundraising days were long，they finally succeeded in earning(succeed in doing sth成功做某事) enough money with their hard work and people’s support.
14．Our next step is to cut down(削减，减少) on the use of chemicals to guarantee a safe environment for the monarchs.
15．Dating back to(现在分词短语作状语) the Tang Dynasty(AD 618－907)，a trail linking(现在分词作定语，修饰a trail) Hangzhou’s Tianmu Mountain and Huangshan’s Yellow Mountain was formed to exchange goods between the two regions.Unit 5　Poems
1．Your poetry can be laid out as you wish，as we understand that form often relates to(与……有关；adj.related相关的；be related to与……有关) the effect of a poem.
2．However，please be sure to stick to(坚持……原则) a maximum of 3 pages per poem.
3．Writers over the age of thirteen are welcome to participate(参加)．
4．Indeed loneliness is now widely recognized as(被公认为……) a major public health problem.
It is recognized that...人们公认…… beyond recognition认不出来
5．What is perhaps less obvious(what引导主语从句) is one answer to the problem：the healing power of poetry to make us feel more connected to others.
6．I first got involved in(涉及，参与) how poetry can support our emotional well-being after I wrote a memoir...
7．Poetry lets us connect with other people who(who引导定语从句) have experienced similar emotions.
8．I remember one woman starting to cry as(相当于when，引导时间状语从句) she read Derek Walcott’s poem “Love After Love” during a workshop held at my local hospital in West London(过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰workshop)．
9．She had，in Walcott’s phrase，struggled to[努力(做)……] “love again the stranger who was yourself”．
struggle to do...努力做……；挣扎着做…… struggle against/with同……作斗争；与……抗争 struggle for 为……而斗争/奋斗 struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来
10．Given(鉴于) my own experience，I think having a poem to keep us company can help us all feel a greater sense of belonging(归属感)．
11．To the Swedes，there are few smells more pleasant than(否定词＋比较级＝最高级) that of surstromming(鲜鱼罐头)．
12．New research，however，suggests(表明) that might not be the case(实情，事实)．
13．All 235 participants were asked to rank(v.把……分等级；排列；n.地位，等级) smells according to pleasantness.
14．The researchers noted that pleasantness rankings of the smells were remarkably consistent regardless of(不管，不顾) where people came from.
15．In contrast(相比之下)，cultural factors accounted for(占……比例) just 6% of the results.
16．For football and basketball，adding talented players to(把……增加到……) a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where(where引导定语从句修饰point) 70% of the players are top talent; above that level，the team’s performance begins to decline.
17．They conclude that when task interdependence(n.相互依赖) is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while(作并列连词，表对比) individual talent will have positive effects on(对……有积极的影响) team performance when task interdependence is lower.
18．Another possibility is that(引导表语从句) too much talent on a team can lead to(导致) decreased motivation and effort from some players.

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