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(共25张PPT)
定语从句
Attributive Clause
Unit4 Discovering useful structures
review
限制性定语从句
定语: 修饰名词或代词的成分，用来说明名词或代词的品质与特征。
1.可充当定语的主要有形容词，名词，介词短语，非谓语，句子；常译为“……的”
2.在所修饰词之前的定语为前置定语，在所修饰词之后的定语为后置定语。
3. 单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。
定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句，其作用相当于形容词。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
关系词：引导定语从句的词。（引导词）
关系词的作用：
1. 连接主从句 2. 指代先行词 3. 在从句中充当成分
复合句=主句+定语从句（关系词+从句）
定语从句的关系词
关系
代词
关系
副词
指人
指物
who（主语、宾语）
whom（宾语）
that（主语、宾语）
whose（定语）
which（主语、宾语）that（主语、宾语）
whose（定语）
where（地点状语）
when（时间状语）
why（原因状语）
关系代词
review关系代词
1. that 指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾/表时可省。
2. which 指物,在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省。
3. who 指人,在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省。
4. whom 指人,在从句中作宾语，作宾语时可省。
5. whose 指人和物，在从句中作定语，意为“……的”。whose+n可以用 “the +n.+of which/whom”或者“of which/whom +the +n.”代替
关系 代词 指代 在定语从句中所充当的成分 人 物 主语 宾语 定语
who
whom
which
that
whose















关系代词基本用法归纳表
关系副词
when 先行词为表示时间的词，when在从句中作状语。
where 先行词为表示地点的词，where在从句中作状语。
why 先行词为表示原因的词，why在从句中作状语。
I still remember the first day______you smiled at me.
This is the library ________I read all kinds of books.
Oh, she must be the reason_____God makes a girl.
when
where
why
关系副词：when where why
关系副词 指代 在定语从句中担任成分 相当于介词+which
when
where
why
时间
时间状语
at/in/on /during... which
地点
地点状语
in/at... which
原因
原因状语
for which
非限制性定语从句
是指先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语。
如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或者失去意义。
这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。
非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词做些附加说明。
如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。
这种从句，写时往往用逗号隔开。
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
1. 从句修饰先行词，关系词在从句中做成分，且在从句中作宾语时可以省略；
I'll never forget the day (that) we spent together.
2. 可以用that引导；
That is the very tool that are looking for.
3.省去定从则句子意思不完整。
限制性定语从句
1. 从句修饰先行词或者前面的整个句子，或其中一部分。
He suddenly fell ill, which kept him from school.
2. 不可以用that引导，主句和从句要用逗号隔开；
His dog, which he liked very much, died yesterday.
3.从句只是作为主句意义的补充，可以省去。
非限制性定语从句
1.People who take physical exercise regularly live longer.
（若把定语从句去掉，句子意义不完整）（限制性定语从句）
2.His daughter, who is in Shenzhen now, is coming home next week.
(若把定语从句去掉，句子意义仍然完整）（非限制性定语从句）
注意：非限制性定语从句一般会用逗号隔开。
that和why不能引导非限定从。
1. 关系代词指代整个主句的内容
2. 先行词是世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词
3. 先行词指的是某人唯一的某个亲属
对比：（翻译不同）
His brother who is now a lawyer always encourages him to go to college.
他那个现在是律师的哥哥总是鼓励他上大学。
His brother, who is now a lawyer, always encourages him to go to college.
他的哥哥，现在是律师，总是鼓励他上大学。
用非限制性定语从句的情况：
as和which都可以引导非限定从，但有些区别。
as which
位置 句首、句中、句末 常在主句之后
修饰内容 先行词或主句 主句
as译成“______”，which意为“____________”。
正如
这(件事, 一点)
as用于固定搭配
as we all know // as is known to us/all, ...
as is said/reported, ...
as (is) expected/planned/scheduled, ...
as often happens,... //as is often the case (with sb.)
as has been said/mentioned before, ...
as everybody can see,...
正如大家所知道的那样
正如所说/报道的那样
正如所预料/计划的那样
正如经常发生的那样
正如之前所说/提到的
正如大家所看到的
①关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。
②先行词是“one of＋复数名词”时，谓语动词用复数形式；
③先行词是“the only one of＋复数名词”时，谓语动词用单数形式。
强调句句型：It is/was +被强调的成份+that/who +其它部分
去掉 It is/was….that/who… ,句子照样成立。
1. It is in this room ______ I lived last year.
It is the room _______ I lived last year.
2. It was at seven o'clock ________ he went to school this morning.
It was seven o'clock _______ he went to school this morning.
that
where
that
when
定从和并列句
是否有连词是区分关键。
1、I bought a dozen of eggs, six of broke.（√）
2、I bought a dozen of eggs, but six of broke.（√）
which
them
注意：
I bought a dozen of eggs, six of broke.
（×）
them
定从和非谓语动词
现在分词 过去分词
从句谓语形式 主动 被动
定语与被修饰词的关系 主谓 动宾
1. There are lots of good English programmes which are broadcast on TV or the radio in China.
There are lots of good English programmes _______________ on TV or the radio in China.
2. At one time there were long queues of people who were waiting outside the CAAC offices.
At one time there were long queues of people ______________ outside the CAAC offices.
broadcast
waiting
谢谢！

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