资源简介 Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth!期末复习考点讲义一、学习目标整合语言能力 能够运用目标句型进行交际,掌握现在进行时、现在完成时和被动语态等,并用正确的时态的句子描述环境污染和环境保护。学习能力 能整理、归纳所学内容,把握重点和难点;能主动反思自己英语学习中的进步与不足。文化意识 通过谈论污染、环境保护和循环再利用,培养学生爱护环境和保护动物的意识,理解不同国家对环保工作做出的不同努力和贡献。思维品质 能从不同角度解读语篇,推断语篇的深层含义,作出正确的价值判断。二、思维导图回顾知识三、重难知识易混易错现在进行时与现在完成时含义:现在进行时:现在进行时表示即刻或现在正在发生或进行着的某一动作,多与时间状语 now;at the moment,at present 等连用。What are you doing now 你现在在做什么 现在完成时:现在完成时跨在两个时间之上,一是过去,是现在。它的动作发生在过去,但对现在有影响。与现在完成时连用的时间状语往往有already,yet,ever,never,for,since…,these days,so far,just,recently,in the past(last) few years 等。句式结构:现在进行时:肯定句式:主语十助动词 be (am, is, are)+现在分词否定句式:主语+助动词 be(am, is, are)+not+现在分词疑问句式:助动词 Be(Am, Is, Are)+主语+现在分词The students are listening to their teacher now.学生们正在听老师讲课。The students aren't listening to their teacher now.Are the students listening to their teacher now 现在完成时:肯定句式:主语十助动词 have (has) +过去分词否定句式:主语十助动词 have (has) +not+过去分词疑问句式:助动词 Have (Has) +主语+过去分词I have already finished my homework.我已经完成作业了。I haven't finished my homework yet.Have you finished your homework yet 用法:现在进行时:①表示说话时动作正在进行,往往与 now 连用,有时用在祈使句之后。What are you doing now 你现在在做什么?②表示现阶段动作正在进行,但不一定是说话时正在进行,往往和 at present,this week,these days等时间状语连用。What lessons are you learning this week 你们这个星期学哪些课了?③当句中含有Look!或Listen! Can you see...,Can't you see...等暗示词时,后边句子也用现在进行时。Listen! Who is crying in the next room 听!谁在隔壁房间哭呢?Can't you see it is raining outside 你没看见外面正下雨吗 ④动词 go,come,leave,start,arrive 等可以用现在进行时表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。How many of you are coming to the party next week 你们有多少人下周来参加聚会 She is leaving for Qinghai this weekend.这个周末她将动身去青海。现在完成时:①表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。Zhang Fang has just turned off the light.张芳刚刚把灯关上。(说明灯现在关上了)②表示过去发生的动作延续到现在,而且还将继续下去的动作或状态,往往与表示一段时间的状语连用。My father has worked in this factory for many years.我父亲在这家工厂工作很多年了。(工作到现在)③表示从过去到现在所经历的事情。I've been to the Great Wall many times.我去过长城好多次被动语态(一般时态)构成:被动语态是由“助动词 be 的适当时态形式+及物动词的过去分词”构成,这里的 be 有时态的变化。一般现在时:主语+助动词 be(am,is,are)+及物动词的过去分词一般过去时:主语+助动词 be(was,were)+及物动词的过去分词一般将来时:主语十助动词 will(am/is/are going to) be+及物动词的过去分词这里应该注意的是:一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态中的助动词 be 既表示时态,又表示语态;而其他时态中既有时态助动词,也有语态助动词。我们在进行句式转化时应该变化时态助动词。类型:①由及物动词构成的被动语态有一个宾语的句子的被动语态,这时可以直接将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语即可。我妈妈昨天晚上做了一个蛋糕。My mother made a cake last night.A cake was made by my mother last night.某些动词后面可以加双宾语,一个是表示人的间接宾语,另一个是表示物的直接宾语。这时在改为被动语态时,可以将间接宾语改为主语;也可将直接宾语改为主语,不过这时应该在间接宾语前加上介词 to或 for。艾玛给了我一块橡皮。Emma gave me an eraser.I was given an eraser by Emma.An eraser was given tome by Emma②由不及物动词构成的被动语态由于不及物动词不能直接带宾语,所以只有在不及物动词后面加上介词或副词构成动词短语之后,才能用于被动语态中。在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。她从地上捡起一个钱包。She picked up a wallet from the floor.A wallet was picked up from the floor by her.主动形式表被动含义①形容词 worth 后面加上动名词的主动形式表达被动含义。②在need,want,require等动词后往往用动名词的主动形式表达被动含义。③在 to...to...结构中,不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。④形容词easy, difficult, hard, cheap , expensive, fit, nice, dangerous , exciting, funny,heavy,important,good,interesting 等后面接不定式作状语时往往用主动形式表达被动含义。⑤动词不定式作定语时,如果它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语,则可以用主动形式表达被动含义。⑥不及物动词wash,sell,write,read,close,open,wear,catch 等往往用主动形式表达被动含义,说明主语的性质或特征。辨析:instead of与 insteadinstead of介词短语,后接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式等作宾语,否定of后的内容They will go on a vacation by plane instead of by train.他们将乘飞机去度假,而不是坐火车。instead副词,意为“代替;相反”,常位于句首或句末作状语,肯定instead所在句的内容He didn't play basketball yesterday. He went swimming instead他昨天没打篮球,而是去游泳了。辨析:endangered,danger,dangerous 与 in dangerendangered:形容词;“濒危的;濒临灭绝的”Scientists think that the animal is endangered by pollution.科学家认为污染导致这种动物濒临灭绝danger:不可数名词;“危险,威胁”;后接of (doing) sth.Is there any danger of fire 有发生火灾的危险吗 dangerous:形容词;“危险的”It's dangerous for children to swim in the river对孩子们来说在河里游泳是危险的。in danger:介词短语;“在危险中”Her life is in danger.她有生命危险【例题】1.Xiaogan is well known _____ the culture of "Xiao".A.in B.for C.as D.on2.Yueda Group has found a way to _____ the waste and doesn't put it into the river any more.A.produce B.recycle C.require D.protect3.More and more people have realized that we shouldn't _____ the ancient buildings in cities.A.get off B.put off C.cut down D.pull down4.—Many people play with mobile phones all day instead of reading books.—That's too bad. Everyone ______ be a book lover. Reading is more enjoyable.A.may B.must C.would D.should5.—Look, what an amazing Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge!—Yeah. It ______ in 2018.A.completed B.was completed C.is completed D.has completed6.Shopping used to ______ going to shops, but nowadays, you can do it online at home.A.means B.meant C.mean D.meaning7.Please be quiet. The students ________ a listening test.A. having B. are having C. had D. have8.—Look at the backpack! It looks like Amy’s backpack! She must be in the library, too!—It _________ be Amy’s. Amy is at home today because she is ill.A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t9.—Can you help me make a shopping list —________. I’ll do it right now.A. No way B. With pleasureC. Good luck D. It’s no big deal10.—Excuse me, can I have a word with Doctor Smith —I’m sorry, Doctor Smith _______ on a patient at the moment.A. is operating B. operated C. has operated D. will operate四、单元核心素养对接中考1.【2024届·江苏宿迁·二模】—When hot weather arrives during summer, the sun shines brightly in Siyang. So you’d better take ________ umbrella when you go out.—OK. It’s________ useful advice. Thank you.A.a; an B.a; the C.an; / D.an; a2.【2024届·江苏宿迁·二模】—Jim, Mother’s Day is coming. What present will you give your mother —I haven’t decided yet. I ________ make her a birthday cake by myself.A.must B.would C.should D.may3.【2024届·江苏宿迁·二模】Our teachers always warn us ________ ball games on the road to avoid ________ ourselves. A.to not play; hurtingB.not to play; to hurtC.not to play; hurtingD.not play; to hurt4.【2024届·江苏宿迁·二模】—Congratulations, boys and girls! You all ________ great progress in the past three years.—Dear teachers! We will never forget you and your help.A.make B.made C.will make D.have made5.【2024届·江苏宿迁·二模】—Many people are used to parking their e-bikes inside the building.—That’s very dangerous. The government has ________ some policies(政策) to stop this.A.worked out B.carried out C.broken out D.taken out6.【2024届·江苏宿迁·二模】It’s reported that the world’s first space hotel, Voyager Space Station, ________ in 2026. The golden age of space travel is just around the corner.A.builds B.builtC.was built D.will be built7.【2024届·江西萍乡·二模】Kate _________ a lot about Chinese paper cutting since she came to China.A.learns B.learned C.has learned D.will learn8.【2024届·江西萍乡·二模】—Paul plays the violin really wonderfully!—Of course. He is ________ than any other student in his class.A.talented B.more talentedC.the more talented D.the most talented9.【2024届·江西萍乡·二模】—What a comfortable plane it is!—It’s C919. It ________ in China.A.will make B.makes C.is making D.is made10.【2024届·江西萍乡·二模】Justin can’t help me to move the piano because he ________ English online.A.is studying B.studied C.will study D.studies答案以及解析【例题】1.答案:B解析:句意:孝感以“孝”文化而著称。be well known for...表示“以……而著称”。2.答案:B解析:produce"生产";recycle"回收利用";require"要求";protect"保护"。此处是说,悦达集团找到了回收利用废料的方法,故选B。3.答案:D解析:句意:越来越多的人已经意识到我们不应该拆毁城市里的古老建筑。get off"下车";put off"推迟";cut down"砍掉";pull down"拆毁"。4.答案:D解析:题干中提到了"许多人整天玩手机而不看书",结合答语中的"读书更有乐趣"可推断,此处是说每个人都"应该"成为喜欢读书的人,故所缺的词是should。5.答案:B解析:—看,港珠澳大桥多壮观呀!—是呀。它完成于2018年。桥是被完成的,且根据时间状语in 2018可知,动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时的被动语态。6.答案:C解析:句意:过去购物意味着去商店,但是现在你能够在家上网购物。used to do sth.表示"过去常常做某事"。7.答案:B解析:考查动词时态。根据“Please be quiet.”可知,“听力测试”这件事情正在发生,应用现在进行时(am/is/are+现在分词)。故选B.8.答案:B解析:考查情态动词否定形式辨析。mustn't禁止;can't不可能;needn't不必;wouldn't将不会。根据“Amy is at home today because she is ill.”可知图书馆里的书包不可能是艾米的。表示否定推测用can't,故选B.9.答案:B解析:考查情景交际。No way不行;With pleasure 非常乐意;Good luck好运;It's no big deal没什么大不了的。根据“I'll do it right now.”可知,此处是说“我很愿意帮忙”,故选B.10.答案:A解析:考查现在进行时。根据“at the moment.”推断,此处表达“史密斯医生正在给病人做手术”,应用现在进行时。故选A。四、单元核心素养对接中考1.答案: C解析: 句意:—夏天,当炎热的天气来临时,泗阳阳光灿烂。所以你出去的时候最好带把伞。—好的,这是有用的建议。非常感谢。考查冠词。不定冠词a和an用于可数名词单数形式前,泛指"一个"。a用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an用于元音音素开头的单词前。umbrella是可数名词单数形式,且发音以元音音素开头,故用an;advice是不可数名词,故不能用不定冠词。故选C。2.答案: D解析: 句意:—吉姆,母亲节快到了。你会给你妈妈什么礼物 —我还没有决定。我可能自己给她做一个生日蛋糕。考查情态动词。must必须;would将;should应该;may可能。根据"I haven’t decided yet."可知,还没决定给妈妈什么礼物,可能做一个生日蛋糕。此处表示猜测用may。故选D。3.答案: C解析: 句意:我们的老师总是警告我们不要在马路上玩球,以免伤害自己。考查非谓语动词。此处是两个常用英文表达,warn sb (not) to do sth"警告某人(不) 要做某事";avoid doing sth"避免做某事"。故选C。4.答案: D解析: 句意:—祝贺孩子们!你们在过去的三年里取得了巨大的进步。—尊敬的老师们!我们永远不会忘记你和你的帮助。考查动词时态。根据时间状语"in the past three years"可知,本句时态是现在完成时(have/has done)。故选D。5.答案: B解析: 句意:—很多人习惯把他们的电动车停在大楼里。—那非常危险,政府已经实施一些政策来阻止了。考查动词短语辨析。worked out解决;carried out执行、实施;broken out爆发;taken out拿出来。根据"some policies (政策) to stop this."可知,应是执行政策来阻止这种危险行为。故选B。6.答案: D解析: 句意:据报道,世界上第一家太空酒店,旅行者空间站,将于2026年建成。太空旅行的黄金时代即将到来。考查时态和被动语态。builds动词"三单"形式;built动词过去式/过去分词;was built一般过去时被动语态;will be built一般将来时被动语态。根据"in 2026"可知,时态为一般将来时,又因主语"Voyager Space Station"和"build"之间关系为被动,谓语用一般将来时被动语态"will be+过去分词",built为动词build的过去分词。故选D。7.答案: C解析: 句意:自从凯特来到中国后,她学到了很多关于中国剪纸的知识。考查现在完成时。learns是learn的第三人称单数形式,用于一般现在时态中;learned是learn的过去式,用于一般过去时态中;has learned是现在完成时态;will learn一般将来时。根据"since she came to China."可知,主句应用现在完成时态,谓语部分应是have/has done结构,因主语Bill是第三人称单数,故助动词应用has,learn应用过去分词learned。故选C。8.答案: B解析: 句意:—保罗的小提琴演奏得非常棒!—当然。他比班上任何其他学生都更有天赋。考查比较级。根据"than"可知此处用比较级more talented,此处不表示特指,不用冠词。故选B。9.答案: D解析: 句意:—这是一架多么舒适的飞机!—这是C919。它是中国制造的。考查时态和语态。此处it指代C919,和谓语make之间是被动关系,故此处用一般现在时的被动语态be done。故选D。10.答案: A解析: 句意:贾斯汀帮不了我搬钢琴,因为他正在网上学习英语。考查动词时态。根据"Justin can’t help me to move the piano"可知,此处是正在网上学习,不能帮忙,可知用现在进行时,其结构是be doing的形式,主语是he,是第三人称单数,be动词用is,study"学习",是动词,现在分词是studying。故选A。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览