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高中英语课文翻译新人教版选择性必修三 Unit 5（英汉对照）
【Reading and Thinking】
A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
英文诗歌的几种简单形式
There are various reasons why people compose poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image in the reader’s mind. Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow. The distinctive characteristics of poetry often include economical use of words, descriptive and vivid language, integrated imagery, literary devices such as similes and metaphors, and arrangement of words, lines, rhymes, and rhythm. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms.
人们写诗的原因多种多样。有的诗歌讲述一个故事，有的在读者心中描绘出一个意象，还有的诗歌则试图传达特定的情感，如喜悦和悲伤。诗歌的显著特点通常包括精练的用词、生动的描述性语言、整体的意象、类似明喻和暗喻的文学手法，以及字词、诗行、韵脚和节奏的编排。诗人们使用许多不同的诗歌形式来表达自己。现在，我们来看看几个较为简单的诗歌形式。
Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes. They are usually the traditional poems or folk songs. The language of these rhymes, like Poem A, is to the point but has a storyline. Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme, have a strong rhythm, and often repeat the same words. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.
一个孩童最初学会的一些英文诗歌就是童谣。它们大多是传统诗歌或民谣。这些童谣的语言恰到好处，却含有故事情节，如诗歌A。许多孩子喜欢童谣，因为它们押韵，节奏感强，而且往往重复一些字眼。这些童谣也许没有道理，甚至自相矛盾，但是很容易学习和背诵。通过童谣中的文字游戏，儿童学习了语言。
A
Hush, little baby, don’t say a word,
Papa’s gonna buy you a mockingbird.
If that mockingbird won’t sing,
Papa’s gonna buy you a diamond ring.
If that diamond ring turns to brass,
Papa’s gonna buy you a looking glass.
If that looking glass gets broke,
Papa’s gonna buy you a billy goat.
If that billy goat won’t pull,
Papa’s gonna buy you a cart and bull.
A
嘘嘘，小宝贝，别说话，
爸爸给你买只知更鸟，
知更鸟，不唱歌，
爸爸给你买枚钻石戒，
钻石戒，变黄铜，
爸爸给你买面小镜子，
小镜子，打碎了，
爸爸给你买只小山羊，
小山羊，不肯拉，
爸爸给你买架牛拉车。
One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”, which contains a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme. List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. Some rhyme (like B and C), while others do not.
“清单诗”是最简单的诗歌形式之一，它（一般）包含一份有关事物、人物、想法或描述性内容的清单，形成一个特定主题。清单诗的诗行长度灵活，重复出现的短语赋予诗歌某种模式和节奏。有些清单诗押韵（如诗歌B和诗歌C），有些则不押韵。
B
Only One Mother
Hundreds of stars in the pretty sky,
Hundreds of shells on the shore together,
Hundreds of birds that go singing by,
Hundreds of lambs in the sunny weather.
Hundreds of dewdrops to greet the dawn,
Hundreds of bees in the purple clover,
Hundreds of butterflies on the lawn,
But only one mother the wide world over.
George Cooper
B
母亲
千百颗星星挂在美丽的天空，
千百颗贝壳遍布悠长的海岸，
千百只鸟儿鸣唱着飞过，
千百只小羊在阳光下穿梭，
千百滴露珠迎接黎明，
千百只蜜蜂在紫苜蓿中嬉戏，
千百只蝴蝶在草地上起舞，
可只有一个母亲，在这茫茫的世界。
乔治·库珀
C
LIFE
Life can be good,
Life can be bad,
Life is mostly cheerful,
but sometimes sad
Life can be dreams,
Life can be great thoughts
Life can mean a person,
Sitting in court.
C
生活
生活可能美好，
生活可能悲伤，
生活常常充满欢乐，
但有时令人沮丧。
生活可能是幻梦一场，
生活可能是伟大理想，
生活也可能是一个人，
独坐在被告席上。
Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines. With these, you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words. Look at the example (D).
（对于）业余诗人（而言）容易创作的另一种简单诗歌形式是五行诗，它由五个诗行构成。通过这些诗行，你可以用短短几句话就传达出一幅动人的画面或某种心情。请看范例（诗歌D）。
D
Brother
Beautiful, athletic
Teasing, shouting, laughing
Friend and enemy too
Mine
D
兄弟
漂亮，爱运动
爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑
是我的朋友
也是我的敌人
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables. It has a format of three lines, containing 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively. It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers. It is easy to write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words. The haiku poem (E) on the right is a translation from Japanese, which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly.
俳句是日本的一种诗歌形式，由17个音节组成。其格式为三行，每行的音节分别是五个、七个和五个。俳句并非传统的英语诗歌形式，但在英国作家中却十分流行。俳句易于创作，而且与五行诗一样，寥寥数语即可展现一个清晰的画面，表达一种特殊的情感。右侧的俳句（诗歌E）从日语翻译而来，展示了一只娇弱的蝴蝶生命中的一刻。
E
A fallen blossom
Is coming back to the branch.
Look, a butterfly!
E
一朵凋落的花
回到了枝头
看，是一只蝴蝶！
English speakers also enjoy poems from China, those from the Tang Dynasty in particular. A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English, such as this one (F).
英语人士也喜欢中国诗歌，尤其是唐诗。许多唐诗已经被翻译成英文，如诗歌F。
F
Where she awaits her husband
On and on the river flows.
Never looking back,
Transformed into stone.
Day by day upon the mountain top,
wind and rain revolve.
Should the traveller return,
this stone would utter speech.
Wang Jian
F
望夫处，江悠悠。
化为石，不回头。
上头日日风复雨。
行人归来石应语。
——王建
With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, you may eventually want to write poems of your own. Give it a try!
有这么多不同的诗歌形式可供选择，你可能最终想自己写几首诗。试一试吧！
【Using Language】
WIND ON THE HILL
No one can tell me,
Nobody knows,
Where the wind comes from,
Where the wind goes.
It’s flying from somewhere
As fast as it can,
I couldn’t keep up with it,
Not if I ran.
But if I stopped holding
The string of my kite,
It would blow with the wind
For a day and a night.
And then when I found it,
Wherever it blew,
I should know that the wind
Had been going there too.
So then I could tell them
Where the wind goes ...
But where the wind comes from
Nobody knows.
A. A. Milne
山上的风
没有人能够告诉我，
也没有人会知道，
风来自哪里，
又将去往哪里。
它从一个地方吹来，
尽它所能，飞快地吹来，
我不能赶上它，
即使我奔跑。
但如果我停下来，
不再紧握我手中的风筝线，
它将被风吹跑，
一天一夜。
后来当我发现它，
它吹向任何地方，
我会知道风，
也曾经去过那里。
所以当我能告诉他们，
风去了哪里……
但是风从哪里来，
没有人知道。
A. A. 米尔恩
DREAM
Hold fast to dreams,
For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.
Hold fast to dreams,
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.
Langston Hughes
梦想
紧紧抓住梦想，
因为梦想若是死亡，
生命就像鸟儿折断了翅膀，
再也不能飞翔。
紧紧抓住梦想，
因为梦想一旦消逝，
生活变成荒芜的田野，
被冰封雪盖。
兰斯顿·休斯
A MATCH
If love were what the rose is,
And I were the leaf,
Our lives would grow together
In sad or singing weather,
Brown fields or flowerful closes,
Green pleasure or grey grief;
If love were what the rose is,
And I were like the leaf.
A. C. Swinburne
佳偶
如果爱情是玫瑰，
而我是绿叶，
我们的生命将一起成长，
无论天气阴沉还是晴朗，
处在丰饶的原野或花径，
感受绿色的欢乐或灰色的苦闷；
如果爱情是玫瑰，
而我是绿叶。
A. C. 斯温伯恩

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