资源简介
江西省武宁县第二中学2024-2025学年度上学期12月阶段测试
高二英语试题
时间:120分钟 总分:150分
第I卷(选择题)
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题,每题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What are the speakers talking about
A.A famous woman. B.An interesting film. C.A training school
2.Why does the woman thank the man
A.He paid her bill. B.He lent her some money. C.He returned her money.
3.When does the performance start
A.At 6 o’clock. B.At 7 o’clock. C.At 8 o’clock.
4.Who probably picked the woman’s peaches
A.Her son. B.The man. C.Her neighbor.
5.What will the man do first
A.Finish the paper. B.See his parents. C.See the professor.
第二节(共15小题,每题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话,回答6-7小题。
6.What does the woman like about the new design
A.The red walls. B.The new piano. C.The new floor.
7.What does the man want to do at the end
A.Have a meal. B.Repair the piano. C.Listen to live music.
听下面一段较长对话,回答8-10小题。
8.Who will meet the woman at the airport
A.The man. B.The man’s workmate. C.The man’s driver.
9.Why did the woman fail to be picked up
A.The man forgot the time change.
B.The driver got the wrong arrival time.
C.She didn’t e mail the man about the change in time.
10.Where will the speakers meet tonight
A.At a hotel. B.At an airport. C.At the man’s office.
听下面一段较长对话,回答11-13小题。
11.What’s new in the newspaper
A.A study about flowers.
B.A new way of planting flowers.
C.A program about making honey.
12.Who can benefit from planting flowers most according to the researchers
A.People with mental illness.
B.Students with difficulty in study.
C.Adults with physical health problems.
13.What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers
A.Colleagues. B.Husband and wife. C.Classmates.
听下面一段较长对话,回答14-17小题。
14.How does the woman feel at first
A.Curious. B.Surprised. C.Excited.
15.What in the forest made the man think about rotting
A.Flowers. B.Mushrooms. C.Trees.
16.How many colors of the mushrooms does the woman mention
A.Two. B.Three. C.Four.
17.When will the speakers return to the forest
A.On Thursday. B.On Friday. C.On Saturday.
听下面一段独白,回答18-20小题。
18.What did Trevor Baylis invent in 1996
A.The wind-up TV. B.The wind-up radio. C.The telephone-like shoes.
19.Which word can best describe Trevor Baylis
A.Funny. B.Creative. C.Generous.
20.Where did Baylis get the idea of the telephone
A.In a dream. B.On TV. C.Over the radio.
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节,满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中,选出最佳选项。
A
Here are remarkable scientists who improved our understanding of almost everything around us. Click to learn more about the scientist who changed the world through their contributions and discoveries.
Galileo (1564--1642)
Creating one of the first modern telescopes, Galileo completely changed our understanding of the world, successfully providing the Earth circles around the Sun and not the other way. His work Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences laid the groundwork for the kinetics and mechanics of materials.
Isaac Newton (1643--1727)
Newton was a polymath who made investigations into a whole range of subjects including mathematics, physics, and astronomy. In his Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, published in 1687, he laid the foundations for classical mechanics, explaining the law of gravity and the laws of motion.
Charles Darwin (1809--1882)
Darwin developed his theory of evolution against a background of disbelief and scepticism. He collected evidences over 20 years and published his conclusions in On the Origin of Species.
Marie Curie (1867--1934)
Curie, a Polish physicist and chemist, discovered radiation and helped to apply it in the field of X-rays. She won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the Nobel Prize in Physics.
Albert Einstein (1879--1955)
He revolutionized modern physics with his General Theory of Relativity. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the Photoelectric Effect, which formed the basis if the Quantum Theory.
21.Who is the author of Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica
A.Isaac Newton B.Marie Curie
C.Charles Darwin D.Albert Einstein
22.What do Marie Curie and Albert Einstein have in common
A.They were the greatest chemists.
B.They were the Nobel Prize winners.
C.They had a deep study of physics and astronomy.
D.They laid the foundation for the development of classical medicine.
23.Where can the text be found
A.In a novel. B.In a history book
C.In an art magazine D.On a science website.
B
In 1957 a group of physicists gathered in a lecture hall to be addressed by a Chinese American woman. As she told her recent experiment and its results, the response was dead silence for two minutes, then a thunderous applause continued for ten minutes. The woman was Chien-Shiung Wu, known as the First Lady of Physics, who transformed nuclear science through her work on the Manhattan Project and other groundbreaking experiments.
Born in 1912, Wu was unlike many Chinese women of her time, and received a formal education. Fascinated by new discoveries and the story of women scientists, she entered the university to study physics and began scientific studies.
It was a time of rapid change in both the field of physics and China. Domestic unrest and a bad relationship with Japan made life at home uneasy. With the help of an uncle, she immigrated to the United States for graduate school.
Wu planned to go to the University of Michigan, but a tour of the University of California, Berkeley — and word that a student center at Michigan did not allow female students to enter through the front door — changed her mind. At Berkeley Wu was visible for her gender and race, her male colleagues commenting as much on her appearance as her keen mind. She quickly gained a reputation and became an expert in the newly discovered phenomenon of nuclear fission (核裂变).
After graduation, she headed to Smith College to teach women physics. During World War Two Wu went to Princeton University, where she became the physics departments first female instructor. But shortly after her arrival, her career took an unexpected turn in 1944. She ended up joining the staff at Columbia University on a top-secret research program now known as the Manhattan Project.
24.Which word best describes the lecture in Paragraph 1
A.Boring. B.Humorous. C.Excellent. D.Common.
25.What inspired Wu to study physics
A.The formal education she received. B.The success of women scientists.
C.The background of her family. D.The rapid change in the field of physics.
26.What happened to Wu in America
A.She was looked down on at Berkeley.
B.She went to the University of Michigan at first.
C.She taught women physics at Princeton University.
D.She joined a top-secret research program at Columbia University.
27.Which of the following best describes Wu as a scientist
A.Modest and independent. B.Creative and warm-hearted.
C.Responsible and cautious. D.Committed and ambitious.
C
Governments should stop the use of biofuels (生物燃料) and lift bans on genetically modified (GM转基因) crops, a green campaigning group has urged, in the face of a growing global food crisis that threatens the developing nations.
The EU, the US and the UK are among countries that use biofuels compulsorily (强制地), usually mixed with petrol fuel, for road vehicles. But much of the biofuel used comes from food crops. The World Food Programme has warned that the rising prices of these food, which have been driven by a combination of the Covid pandemic, climate breakdown and the war in Ukraine, is generating a food crisis worldwide.
In the UK, the renewable transport Fuel Obligation requires about 10% of the fuels supplied by fossil fuel companies to be “sustainable”, which in effect means biofuels. However, the amount that can come from food crops is at 4% at most, and will be reduced further to 2% in 2032. A UK government spokesperson said: “biofuels, and other renewable fuels, will continue playing an important part in helping to decarbonize transport and meet our climate goals. However, to help address the global food price crisis, we continue to promote biofuels from waste and are reducing the percentage of crop based biofuels that count towards supplier targets.”
RePlanet says that although the original reason for biofuels was as a lower carbon alternative to fossil fuels, in fact, owing to the impact on food, the fertilizer and energy used to produce the grains and oils and the land converted (转化) to agriculture to produce biofuels, there is little carbon saving over fossil fuels. RePlanet also argues that rich countries should eat less meat to free up grain, and that preventions on the genetic modification of crops should be lifted to achieve higher yields.
In another recommendation likely to be effective, the report suggests that the EU’s organic targets should also be deserted in favour of conventional and intensive farming techniques for higher productivity. Karolina Lissl Gylfe, the secretary general of RePlanet, said: “If Europe doesn’t look at finding evidence-based solutions, the outcome will be worse for the world’s poor, for the climate and for nature conservation.”
28.What has possibly led to a global food crisis according to the passage
A.The overconsumption of food.
B.The use of biofuels in transport.
C.The promotion of biofuels from waste.
D.The lifting of bans on genetically modified crops.
29.What can be conveyed in para 4
A.Biofuels are high-effective. B.Biofuels are environmental-friendly.
C.Biofuels are high-priced. D.Biofuels are energy-consuming.
30.How can rich countries relieve food crisis
A.By increasing meat demand. B.By farming more traditionally.
C.By investing more in organic farming. D.By stopping the production of GM crops.
31.What’s the text mainly about
A.The popularity of biofuels. B.The disadvantages of fossil fuels.
C.The strategies to fight food crisis. D.The potential of intensive farming.
D
The issue of how to feed a growing population is a crucial issue for the 21st century. The issue was high on the agenda (当务之急) at the recent United Nations Climate Change Conference in Egypt. According to the UN, by 2050 we will need to produce 60% more food to feed a world population of 9.3 billion.
Cambridge Judge Business School supports a number of businesses which aim to promote sustainable (可持续发展的) agriculture practices. One of the most important fields is precision (精准) agriculture, the science of improving crop yields and assisting management decisions using the latest technology.
Outfield Technologies is targeting high value fruit farming. Farmers buy their own drones (无人机), and then the Outfield software creates flight plans over the farm and processes the images taken by the drones.
By counting the fruit on branches and measuring trees, farmers can see where to apply fertilizer with greater precision, reducing usage and improving soil sustainability. Outfield’s software can also recommend where to start harvesting to reduce waste and labour (劳动力) costs. The rising cost of labour globally has become a huge issue within the agricultural industry, for reasons including the shortage of backpackers (some of whom become seasonal workers) in New Zealand due to COVID-19, and the rise of minimum pay in South Africa.
The data gathered by drones can also predict yields. “Priming” the supply chain ensures a smoother journey from the farm to fruit bowl in your home. When an apple is picked, it is stored in a refrigerated environment for up to six months before being transported to a pack house to be washed, sorted, packaged, before being moved to a delivery centre and finally appearing on supermarket shelves. The chain depends heavily on transportation, but by predicting yields, Outfield aims to reduce waste as traders can predict fruit levels and reduce greenhouse gases caused by refrigerated storage.
Outfield co-founder Oil Hilbourne said, “The agricultural industry needs more investment (投资) to change. More money for 5G, education and investment in start-ups.”
32.Why does the author mention the Climate Change Conference in Egypt
A.To show the solutions it gave.
B.To point out what’s wrong with its agenda.
C.To stress the seriousness of the food problem.
D.To explain why the population keeps growing.
33.What does Outfield Technologies do for farmers
A.It offers them free flights.
B.It monitors farms for them.
C.It teaches them about high value fruits.
D.It uses drone-taken images to advertise farms.
34.What labour problems are different countries facing
A.Pay in South Africa is very low.
B.South Africa can’t agree on minimum pay.
C.Backpackers in New Zealand fail to get paid fairly.
D.New Zealand isn’t drawing enough seasonal workers.
35.What would be the best title for the text
A.The future of farming
B.The trend of fruit picking
C.The promising market of high value fruits
D.The positive effects of farming on environment
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 12.5 分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Characteristics of an excellent scientist
The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science. It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods. 36
Curiosity.
37 Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work. Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder, a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific process.
Patience.
Becoming a scientist takes a long time. There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. 38 If you’re an instant-gratification type of person, this may not be the best choice for you.
Ethical (道德的) qualities.
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run. 39
Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence.
40
An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind. He / She can work well alone or in groups depending on what’s needed, and he / she also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking connects him / her with colleagues working on similar projects where he / she may discover something new.
A.Working habits.
B.A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinion.
C.An excellent scientist must be very curious about things.
D.You still have much scientific research to do even if you received education on science.
E.One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory.
F.Working time.
G.Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.
第三部分 语言运用(共三节,满分 30 分)
第一节 完形填空(共 15 小题; 每小题 1分,满分 15 分)
When I imagine my future, I see myself as an adult who is confident in my abilities, doing a job I love and living my life 41 . When I grow up, I will be enjoying more 42 brought by the advances in technology, with more time to pursue my 43 and enjoy the company of my family and friends. For these reasons, I look forward to the future as the happiest time of my life.
I will feel happy in the future because I will learn more about life and 44 into the best person I can be. I will become more knowledgeable about the world and myself. I will also handle more responsibilities and 45 problems in a more thoughtful manner.
46 new technology, my future life is sure to improve in various ways. Homes will become 47 to the extent that they might be programmed to learn about our needs and 48 our health and activity. I can imagine hearing an AI voice 49 me to buy groceries or do more exercise! There will also be enormous advancements in 50 options. I will be riding in a self-driving car, and other new means of transport may be developed in the future. These 51 in technology are certain to make my future life more comfortable and convenient. The working day will be only four 52 long thanks to robots. Working less time means I can do 53 I enjoy most, such as spending time with family and friends, 54 in fun activities and learning new skills.
Thinking this way gives me the 55 to work hard now so that I can have a successful, fulfilling(令人满足的) and enjoyable future life.
41.A.responsibly B.importantly C.differently D.uncomfortably
42.A.interests B.experience C.convenience D.changes
43.A.habits B.hobbies C.ideas D.chances
44.A.form B.develop C.expect D.decide
45.A.notice B.find C.change D.solve
46.A.Turn to B.Devote to C.Thanks to D.Lead to
47.A.smarter B.worthier C.worse D.cuter
48.A.warn B.ignore C.monitor D.understand
49.A.want B.remind C.ask D.order
50.A.learning B.communication C.work D.transport
51.A.benefits B.advances C.promises D.challenges
52.A.hours B.days C.minutes D.weeks
53.A.that B.it C.which D.what
54.A.enhancing B.entertaining C.engaging D.encountering
55.A.inspiration B.motivation C.appreciation D.impression
第II卷(非选择题)
第二节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever forgotten to lock the door of your house or switch off the TV Such things often occur to us, 56 can result in problems. However, in the near future, we 57 (live) in smart homes that will lock the door and switch off the TV 58 (automatic). These smart homes will provide us with a 59 (comfortable) environment.
Your home will learn your daily routine and 60 (preference), so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening. For example, lights will come on instantly you enter the door along with your favourite music. All controls will respond 61 voice commands, so you just say 62 you want and the home system will obey. Besides, it will give you suggestions on a healthier diet and how 63 (sleep) better.
This smart technology is not a fantasy. 64 , it will take some years 65 most new homes begin to use it.
第四部分:写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节:应用文(满分15分)
66.随着生活水平的提高,人们越来越关注健康问题。健康专家提出了保持健康的几点建议:
建议 注意事项
饮食 多吃水果和蔬菜,因为其中富含维生素,脂肪含量低; 不要吃脂肪含量高的食物;吃甜点要适量;不多喝咖啡。
锻炼 经常性的锻炼保持身材;每天跑步强壮心脏;饭后不宜立即运动;运动完不能马上吃饭,也不能大量饮水。
生活习惯 ……
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
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第二节:续写(满分25分)
67.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was a child, I was very greedy. Whenever I saw something delicious, I would ask my mom to buy it for me. There was one thing that I could never get enough of, and that was cream bread. Due to my constant consumption, my body became increasingly overweight, and my resistance weakened. As a result, my mom stopped buying it for me.
One day, while shopping with my mom, we passed by a bakery, and I started begging for cream bread. To my surprise, this time my mom agreed without hesitation. We entered the bakery, but unfortunately, they had sold out of cream bread. So my mom bought me a kind of regular bread.
Upon returning home, I felt unhappy and kept thinking about the delicious cream bread in my mind. Suddenly, the sound of the phone interrupted my thoughts. My mom answered the call briefly and then quickly changed her clothes. Seeing her anxious expression, I asked curiously, “Mom, what’s wrong Is there something urgent ” While changing her clothes, she replied, “There’s an emergency at your aunt’s house. I need to go check on it. I’ll be back soon. If you’re hungry, just eat the bread we bought earlier.” With those words, she grabbed her bag and left.
After watching TV, I was hungry. So, following my mom’s instructions, I started eating the bread. However, as soon as I took a bite, I immediately spat it out and complained loudly, “This bread is so tasteless! It’s not even half as good as cream bread!” I threw the bread aside in frustration. Later on, my stomach growled even louder, causing me to think of ways to make the bread more enjoyable. Suddenly, I remembered that there was a bottle of something similar to cream in my mom’s cosmetics (化妆品) — facial cleanser (洗面奶). So, I walked over to her dressing table and picked up the bottle. Excitedly, I opened the bottle and squeezed (挤) the cleanser onto the bread, thinking to myself that this bread would surely taste great now.
注意:1. 续写词数应为150个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I had squeezed a lot of facial cleanser onto the bread when my mom suddenly returned.
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My mom sat down beside me and explained gently.
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试卷第1页,共3页
参考答案:
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 A C B A C C A C B A
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 A A B A B B C B B A
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 A B D C B D D B D B
题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
答案 C C B D A G C D B A
题号 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
答案 A C B B D C A C B D
题号 51 52 53 54 55
答案 B A D C B
1.A
【原文】W: Have you ever heard about Marie Curie
M: Yes, she was a great scientist and won the Nobel Prize twice.
2.C
【原文】M: Does this Bill belong to you
W: Oh, thanks. I’ve just lost five pounds.
M: I’m glad that I found the owner, otherwise I would have to go to the lost and found.
3.B
【原文】M: I’m looking forward to your performance tonight. It starts at 8 o’clock, doesn’t it
W: Actually, it starts 1 hour early.
M: Well, then I’ll leave home at 6 o’clock.
4.A
【原文】W: Someone must have stolen fruit from my garden. Nearly all my peaches were gone. Have you seen anyone around my garden
M: No, but I saw your son selling peaches outside the cinema this afternoon. And your neighbor Charles bought some and said they taste good.
5.C
【原文】W: You’re not finished with your paper yet What are you going to do
M: I’ll go to see the professor and ask if I can get permission to hand it in later. That’s the only thing I can do right now.
6.C 7.A
【原文】M: Thanks for meeting me here.
W: Yeah, it’s just like old times. But the place looks really different.
M: They gave it a new look. What do you think
W: The black and white floor is really nice. But I miss the piano by the front entrance.
M: The piano is still here. They got it repaired and moved it into the dining room. There’s jazz every Saturday now.
W: Oh, cool! We’ll have to come back. I have to say I love the old design, with the red walls. But live music is a great addition.
M: Let’s see if the food is just as good now as it was then. What are you going to order
8.C 9.B 10.A
【原文】W:Andre, hello. It’s Lora. I’m at Kuala Lumpur Airport.
M:Welcome to Malaysia! I sent my driver to pick you up. Is he there
W:No, he isn’t.
M:I’m sorry about that. There’s been a mix up.
W:You got my e mail about the change in the arrival time, didn’t you
M:Yes, and I asked my workmate to tell the driver. But my driver got the wrong information and went to the airport this morning.
W:Oh, no.
M:When you didn’t arrive, he came back. I told him to go out to the airport again. Maybe he’s on his way now.
W:OK. I’ll wait for him.
M:Right. Shall we have dinner together this evening I’ll meet you at your hotel at about 8 o’clock if that’s OK.
W:That sounds good. But I am rather tired after a long flight. So I want to have a sleep first.
M:OK. See you later.
11.A 12.A 13.B
【原文】W: Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper
M: Yes. Researchers have recently published a new study about the source of honey.
W: Flowers I just know that without flowers, our food supply would be in trouble.
M: Exactly. Now flowers can help humans in another way. Researchers say planting flowers may help people with mental health problems.
W: Really Can we call it “Flower Therapy”
M: Yes! In fact, the U.S. government once had a program that taught soldiers returning from the First World War how to plant flowers.
W: I know many soldiers have trouble dealing with the experiences of war.
M: The program is not a new thing. Other countries also have similar programs.
W: I will plant some flowers in our yard.
M: Put your chair out, bathe in the sunshine and watch the flowers as they bloom. It’s really relaxing, right
W: Yes! That is what I want.
14.A 15.B 16.B 17.C
【原文】W: You said a strange thing on our walk today. You said you love to see things rotting. I’m curious to know why you said that.
M: It’s nothing to get excited about, but I’m happy to explain. Nature is so clever in the way it makes some things rot away to nothing and then creates new life from what is left over.
W: But why did you mention it on our walk We were in the forest at the time.
M: I saw some mushrooms growing on a fallen branch. They help recycle the dead wood, so that more trees and flowers can grow. It’s a beautiful system.
W: Yes, nature is an expert recycler—and mushrooms can be as beautiful as flowers. Those little yellow ones were unusual—and do you remember the large orange ones Best of all were the red ones.
M: I could look at things like that all day. The subject really interests me. We’ll have to walk there again next Friday.
W: Thursday would be better for me.
M: I can’t make it then. I have booked an appointment at the dentist. What about Saturday
W: It’s a date. We’ll explore the magic of mushrooms.
18.B 19.B 20.A
【原文】
M: How would you use a radio or a telephone if you had no electricity or batteries These problems bothered British inventor Trevor Baylis, so in 1996 he invented a wind up radio. It doesn’t need electricity or batteries. You wind it up by hand. It plays for about an hour, then you wind it up again to day. It’s produced in South Africa. Apart from that, Bayis invented a mobile telephone that is powered by shoes. The shoes contain a small battery that is powered when you walk. This battery is connected to a mobile phone. These two simple inventions can contribute a lot to the modern communications among all parts of the world. Bayis doesn’t have a university degree in engineering. In fact he left high school before graduating. He just loves making things to help people. He never knows when the creative ideas will come to him. He got the idea for the radio while watching TV, the idea for the telephone came to him in a dream.
21.A 22.B 23.D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了几位对世界产生重大影响、做出杰出贡献的科学家,包括伽利略、牛顿、达尔文、居里夫人以及爱因斯坦,简述了他们各自的重要成就。
21.细节理解题。根据“Isaac Newton (1643--1727)”部分中“In his Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, published in 1687, he laid the foundations for classical mechanics, explaining the law of gravity and the laws of motion(在他 1687 年出版的《自然哲学的数学原理》中,他为经典力学奠定了基础,解释了万有引力定律和运动定律)”可知,《自然哲学的数学原理》的作者是艾萨克 牛顿,故选A项。
22.细节理解题。根据“Marie Curie (1867--1934)”部分中“She won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the Nobel Prize in Physics.(她获得了诺贝尔化学奖和诺贝尔物理学奖)”以及“Albert Einstein (1879--1955)”部分中“He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the Photoelectric Effect, which formed the basis if the Quantum Theory.(他因发现光电效应而获得诺贝尔物理学奖,光电效应构成了量子理论的基础)”可知,居里夫人和爱因斯坦的共同之处是他们都是诺贝尔奖获得者,故选B项。
23.推理判断题。根据第一段“Here are remarkable scientists who improved our understanding of almost everything around us. Click to learn more about the scientist who changed the world through their contributions and discoveries(以下是一些杰出的科学家,他们极大地增进了我们对周围一切的理解。点击了解更多关于这些通过他们的贡献和发现改变了世界的科学家)”以及“Galileo (1564--1642)(伽利略(1564--1642))”、“Isaac Newton (1643--1727)(埃塞克·牛顿(1643--1727))”、“Charles Darwin (1809--1882)(查理·达尔文(1809--1882))”等可知,文章主要介绍了几位著名科学家以及他们的科学贡献和发现,这类内容通常会出现在科学相关的网站上,方便人们了解科学知识、科学家事迹等。而小说主要侧重于讲述虚构的故事,历史书侧重于记载历史事件等发展脉络,艺术杂志侧重于艺术领域相关内容,所以这篇文章最有可能出现在科学网站上,故选D项。
24.C 25.B 26.D 27.D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了“物理界第一夫人”吴健雄的生平,讲述了她的求学经历,科研之路以及对核科学的贡献。
24.推理判断题。根据第一段中“As she told the crowd about her recent experiment and its results, the response was dead silence for two minutes, then a thunderous applause continued for ten minutes.(当她向人群讲述她最近的实验及其结果时,回应是两分钟的死寂,然后是持续了十分钟的雷鸣般的掌声)”可知,当她向听众介绍她的实验和结果后,现场先是沉默了两分钟,随后是长达十分钟的雷鸣般掌声,由此可推知,她的演讲很精彩。故选C项。
25.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Fascinated by new discoveries and the story of women scientists like Marie Curie, she entered National Central University to study physics and then began her scientific studies.(她被新发现和像玛丽·居里这样的女科学家的故事所吸引,于是进入中央大学学习物理,然后开始她的科学研究)”可知,吴健雄被新发现和像玛丽·居里这样的女科学家的故事所吸引,所以选择学习物理。故选B项。
26.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But shortly after her arrival, her career took an unexpected turn in 1944. She ended up joining the staff at Columbia University on a top-secret research program now known as the Manhattan Project.(但在她到达后不久,1944年,她的职业生涯发生了意想不到的转折。她最终加入了哥伦比亚大学的一个绝密研究项目,该项目现在被称为曼哈顿计划)”可知,吴健雄到美国后,加入了哥伦比亚大学的一个绝密研究项目,该项目现在被称为曼哈顿计划。故选D项。
27.推理判断题。根据第一段中“The woman was Chien-Shiung Wu, known as the First Lady of Physics, who transformed nuclear science through her work on the Manhattan Project and other groundbreaking experiments.(这位女士就是被称为“物理学第一夫人”的吴建雄,她通过在曼哈顿计划和其他开创性实验中的工作改变了核科学)”、第四段中“Wu planned to go to the University of Michigan, but a tour of the University of California, Berkeley-and word that a student center at Michigan did not allow female students to enter through the front door-changed her mind.(吴原计划去密歇根大学,但在参观了加州大学伯克利分校后,听说该校的一个学生中心不允许女学生从前门进入,她改变了主意)”和“She quickly gained a reputation and became an expert in the newly discovered phenomenon of nuclear fission (核裂变).(她很快获得了声誉,并成为新发现的核裂变现象的专家)”以及最后一段中“After graduation, she headed to Smith College to teach women physics. During World War Two Wu went to Princeton University, where she became the physics department’s first female instructor.(毕业后,她前往史密斯学院教授女性物理。第二次世界大战期间,吴去了普林斯顿大学,在那里她成为物理系的第一位女讲师)”可知,吴健雄致力于物理学的研究,并取得很多开创性的成果,故她是一个具有奉献精神和有雄心的科学家,故选D项。
28.B 29.D 30.B 31.C
【导语】这是一篇说明文,文章就发展中国家的日益严重的全球粮食危机问题,介绍了应对相应的应对策略。
28.推理判断题。由文章第一段“Governments should stop the use of biofuels (生物燃料) and lift bans on genetically modified (GM转基因) crops, a green campaigning group has urged, in the face of a growing global food crisis that threatens the developing nations.(面对威胁发展中国家的日益严重的全球粮食危机,一个绿色运动组织敦促各国政府停止使用生物燃料,解除对转基因作物的禁令。)”和第二段“The EU, the US and the UK are among countries that use biofuels compulsorily(强制地), usually mixed with petrol fuel, for road vehicles. But much of the biofuel used comes from food crops. (欧盟、美国和英国是强制使用生物燃料(通常与汽油混合)用于道路车辆的国家之一。但使用的大部分生物燃料来自粮食作物。)”可推知,在运输中使用生物燃料可能导致全球粮食危机。故选B项。
29.推理判断题。由文章第四段“RePlanet says that although the original reason for biofuels was as a lower carbon alternative to fossil fuels, in fact, owing to the impact on food, the fertilizer and energy used to produce the grains and oils and the land converted(转化) to agriculture to produce biofuels, there is little carbon saving over fossil fuels. RePlanet also argues that rich countries should eat less meat to free up grain, and that preventions on the genetic modification of crops should be lifted to achieve higher yields.(RePlanet表示,尽管生物燃料的最初原因是作为化石燃料的低碳替代品,但事实上,由于对粮食、用于生产谷物和石油的肥料和能源以及用于生产生物燃料的农业用地的影响,与化石燃料相比,碳减排效果很小。RePlanet还认为,富裕国家应该少吃肉类以释放粮食,应该取消对作物基因改造的预防措施以实现更高的产量。)”可知,本段主要讲生物燃料碳减排效果很小,从各方面考虑来看,也是高耗能的。故选D项。
30.细节理解题。由文章最后一段“In another recommendation likely to be effective, the report suggests that the EU’s organic targets should also be deserted in favour of conventional and intensive farming techniques for higher productivity. (在另一项可能有效的建议中,该报告建议,欧盟的有机目标也应放弃,转而采用传统和集约化的农业技术,以提高生产力。)”可知,富裕国家可以通过更传统的农业来缓解粮食危机。故选B项。
31.主旨大意题。由文章由文章第一段“Governments should stop the use of biofuels (生物燃料) and lift bans on genetically modified (GM转基因) crops, a green campaigning group has urged, in the face of a growing global food crisis that threatens the developing nations.(面对威胁发展中国家的日益严重的全球粮食危机,一个绿色运动组织敦促各国政府停止使用生物燃料,解除对转基因作物的禁令。)”和最后一段“In another recommendation likely to be effective, the report suggests that the EU’s organic targets should also be deserted in favour of conventional and intensive farming techniques for higher productivity.(在另一项可能有效的建议中,该报告建议,欧盟的有机目标也应放弃,转而采用传统和集约化的农业技术,以提高生产力。)”以及上下文可知,文章就发展中国家的日益严重的全球粮食危机问题,介绍了相应的应对策略。故选C项。
32.C 33.B 34.D 35.A
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍了全球人口增长带来的粮食问题,以及如何通过精准农业等可持续农业实践来解决这个问题。
32.推理判断题。根据第一段“The issue of how to feed a growing population is a crucial issue for the 21st century. The issue was high on the agenda at the recent United Nations Climate Change Conference in Egypt. (如何养活不断增长的人口是21世纪的一个关键问题。这个问题是最近在埃及举行的联合国气候变化会议的重要议题)”可知,提到在埃及召开的气候变化会议是为了强调粮食问题的严重性。故选C项。
33.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Outfield Technologies is targeting high value fruit farming. Farmers buy their own drones, and then the Outfield software creates flight plans over the farm and processes the images taken by the drones. (Outfield Technologies的目标是高价值的水果种植。农民们购买自己的无人机,然后Outfield软件在农场上空创建飞行计划,并处理无人机拍摄的图像。)”可知,该公司会利用无人机替农场主监控果园。故选B项。
34.推理判断题。根据第四段“The rising cost of labour globally has become a huge issue within the agricultural industry, for reasons including the shortage of backpackers (some of whom become seasonal workers) in New Zealand due to COVID-19, and the rise of minimum pay in South Africa. (全球劳动力成本上升已成为农业行业的一个巨大问题,原因包括新冠肺炎疫情导致新西兰背包客(其中一些人成为季节性工人)短缺,以及南非最低工资标准的提高)”可推知,新西兰没有吸引足够的季节性工人。故选D项。
35.主旨大意题。根据第二段“Cambridge Judge Business School supports a number of businesses which aim to promote sustainable agriculture practices. One of the most important fields is precision agriculture, the science of improving crop yields and assisting management decisions using the latest technology. (剑桥大学贾吉商学院支持许多旨在促进可持续农业实践的企业。其中最重要的领域之一是精准农业,这是一门利用最新技术提高作物产量和协助管理决策的科学)”以及纵观全文可知,这篇文章讨论了使用技术(如无人机和精准农业)来提高作物产量、减少浪费和解决农业领域的劳工问题。这些主题都与农业的未来以及技术进步如何改变农业紧密相关。由此可知,A项“The future of farming (农业的未来)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A项。
36.G 37.C 38.D 39.B 40.A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章向读者介绍了优秀的科学家应该具有的性格特征与优秀品质。
36.根据上文“The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science. It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods. (字典将科学家定义为对一门或多门科学,特别是自然科学或物理科学具有专业知识的人。它还将科学家定义为使用科学方法的人)”并结合下文介绍的科学家应有的特征可知,空处句子应起到承上启下的作用,G项“让我们来看看优秀科学家的一些特征”符合题意,引出下文。故选G项。
37.根据小标题“Curiosity(好奇心)”以及下文“Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work.(像托马斯·爱迪生和乔治·威斯汀豪斯这样的科学家发现事物主要是因为他们想知道事物是如何工作的)”可知,科学家都对于这个世界的一切未知抱有想知道的欲望,对于一切有好奇心,这是他们发现新事物的原因,C选项中的关键词“be very curious about things”与小标题和下文都有对应关系,C项符合语境。故选C项。
38.根据上文“Becoming a scientist takes a long time. There are very few jobs that take longer than this one.(成为一名科学家需要很长时间。很少有工作需要比这更长的时间)”以及下文“If you’re an instant-gratification type of person, this may not be the best choice for you.(如果你是一个即时满足型的人,这可能不是你最好的选择)”可知,上文中关键词“takes a long time”与下文关键词“an instant-gratification type of person”、“not be the best choice for you”与D选项“have much scientific research to do”有对应关系,表明成为科学家需要长时间需要耐心,D项符合语境。故选D项。
39.根据上文“In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run.(为了真正发现和利用知识造福人类,科学家必须有改善人们生活和环境的愿望,因为它们是相互联系的,从长远来看,它们会相互影响)”以及下文“Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest. (坚持与证据相矛盾的旧观念是不诚实的)”可知,科学家需要有更高社会责任心与道德价值观,这与B项“A scientist must report findings honestly”有对应关系,B项“科学家必须诚实地报告研究结果,无论个人利益或公众舆论如何。”符合语境。故选B项。
40.根据下文“An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind. He / She can work well alone or in groups depending on what’s needed, and he / she also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking connects him / her with colleagues working on similar projects where he / she may discover something new.(一位优秀的科学家甚至会记下最微小的观察结果,将其牢记在心并记录下来。他/她可以根据需要单独或分组工作,还需要在纸上和口头上交流想法。人际网络将他/她与从事类似项目的同事联系在一起,在这些项目中他/她可能会发现一些新的东西)”可知,本段主要介绍科学家应有好的工作习惯,即便是细微之处都会记录下来,这将有助他/她的工作和发现,A项“工作习惯”符合题意。故选A项。
41.A 42.C 43.B 44.B 45.D 46.C 47.A 48.C 49.B 50.D 51.B 52.A 53.D 54.C 55.B
【导语】这是一篇说明文,作者憧憬了自己未来的幸福生活。
41.考查副词词义辨析。句意:当我想象我的未来时,我看到自己是一个对自己的能力充满信心的成年人,做着我喜欢的工作,负责任地过着我的生活。A. responsibly负责任地;B. importantly重要地;C. differently不同地;D. uncomfortably不舒服地。根据上文“I see myself as an adult who is confident in my abilities, doing a job I love”可知,作者将负责任地过着自己的生活。故选A项。
42.考查名词词义辨析。句意:当我长大后,我将享受科技进步带来的更多便利,有更多的时间去追求我的爱好,享受家人和朋友的陪伴。A. interests兴趣;B. experience 经历;C. convenience方便;D. changes改变。根据下文“convenient”可知,科技带来的是便利。故选C项。
43.考查名词词义辨析。句意:当我长大后,我将享受科技进步带来的更多便利,有更多的时间去追求我的爱好,享受家人和朋友的陪伴。A. habits习惯;B. hobbies爱好;C. ideas观点; D. chances机会。根据下文“enjoy the company of my family and friends.”可知,有更多的时间去追求自己的爱好。故选B项。
44.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我会在未来感到快乐,因为关于生活我会学的更多并且发展成为最好的人。A. form形成;B. develop发展;C. expect期望; D. decide决定。根据上文“because I will learn more about life”可知,将来的作者会发展成为最好的人。故选B项。
45.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我也会承担更多的责任,以更周到的方式解决问题。 A. notice注意;B. find发现;C. change改变; D. solve解决。根据下文“in a more thoughtful manner.”可知,以更周到的方式解决问题。故选D项。
46.考查固定短语词义辨析。句意:多亏了新技术,我未来的生活肯定会以各种方式得到改善。A. Turn to转向;B. Devote to致力于;C. Thanks to多亏;D. Lead to导致。根据下文“my future life is sure to improve in various ways”可知,多亏技术的进步。故选C项。
47.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:家居将变得更加智能,它们可以通过编程来了解我们的需求,监控我们的健康和活动。A. smarter更聪明的、更智能的;B. worthier更值得的;C. worse糟糕的;D. cuter更可爱的。根据下文“they might be programmed to learn about our needs and ____8____ our health and activity.”可知,家居将变得更加智能。故选A项。
48.考查动词词义辨析。句意:家居将变得更加智能,它们可以通过编程来了解我们的需求,监控我们的健康和活动。A. warn警告;B. ignore忽略;C. monitor监测; D. understand理解。根据上文“Homes will become ____7____ to the extent”可知,家居将变得更加智能,监控我们的健康和活动,故选C项。
49.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我可以想象听到一个人工智能的声音提醒我买杂货或多做运动!A. want想要;B. remind提醒;C. ask问;D. order命令。根据上文“an AI voice”可知,工智能的声音提醒我买杂货或多做运动。故选B项。
50.考查名词词义辨析。句意:在交通选择方面也会有巨大的进步。A. learning学习;B. communication交流;C. work工作;D. transport 运输,运送。根据下文“transport”可知,指的是在交通方面。故选D项。
51.考查名词词义辨析。句意:这些技术的进步一定会使我未来的生活更加舒适和方便。 A. benefits益处;B. advances进步;C. promises承诺;D. challenges挑战。根据上文“by the advances”可知,指技术进步。故选B项。
52.考查名词词义辨析。句意:由于有了机器人,每天的工作时间将只有4个小时。A. hours小时;B. days天;C. minutes分钟; D. weeks周。根据上文“The working day”以及下文“thanks to robots.”可知,每天的工作时间将只有4个小时。故选A项。
53.考查连接词词义辨析。句意:工作更少的时间意味着我可以做我最喜欢的事情,比如花时间和家人朋友在一起,参加有趣的活动,学习新技能。do后接宾语从句,从句缺少宾语,指事物,用what。故选D项。
54.考查动词词义辨析。句意:工作更少的时间意味着我可以做我最喜欢的事情,比如花时间和家人朋友在一起,参加有趣的活动,学习新技能。A. enhancing提高;B. entertaining娱乐;C. engaging参与;D. encountering偶遇。根据下文“fun activities”可知,指参加有趣的活动。故选C项。
55.考查名词词义辨析。句意:这样的想法给了我现在努力学习的动力,这样我就能有一个成功的、充实的和愉快的未来生活。A. inspiration灵感;B. motivation动机,动力;C. appreciation感激;D. impression印象。根据上文“Thinking this way”可知,这样的想法给了作者现在努力学习的动力。故选B项。
56.which 57.will live 58.automatically 59.more comfortable 60.preferences 61.to 62.what 63.to sleep 64.Nevertheless/However 65.before
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了智能家居系统在未来生活中的应用和便利。
56.考查定语从句。句意:这样的事情经常发生在我们身上,这可能会导致问题。分析句子结构可知,“_____ can result in problems”为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词such things,指事情,关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
57.考查动词时态。句意:然而,在不久的将来,我们将生活在智能住宅中,这些住宅会自动锁门并关闭电视。live(生活)是主句谓语动词,结合时间状语“in the near future”可知,描述将来的事情应用一般将来时态。故填will live。
58.考查副词。句意同上。提示词修饰动词lock和switch off,应用副词automatically,作状语,意为“自动地”,故填automatically。
59.考查形容词比较级。句意:这些智能住宅将为我们提供一个更加舒适的环境。结合句意,表示“更舒适的环境”,是现在与将来情况的对比,应用形容词的比较级more comfortable作定语,修饰名词environment。故填more comfortable。
60.考查名词。句意:你的家会了解你的日常习惯和偏好,所以每天晚上当你回到家时,一切都已经为你准备好了。可数名词preference作宾语,此处表示泛指,且没有冠词限定,用复数形式。故填preferences。
61.考查介词。句意:所有控制都将响应语音指令,所以你只需说出你想要什么,家居系统就会服从。respond to为固定搭配,意为“回应”。故填to。
62.考查宾语从句。句意同上。“_____ you want”为宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,表示“(你想要的)东西”,应用连接代词what引导该从句。故填what。
63.考查非谓语动词。句意:此外,它还会为你提供更健康的饮食建议和如何改善睡眠的方法。考查“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语,how to sleep better意为“如何睡得更好”。故填to sleep。
64.考查副词。句意:然而,大多数新住宅要开始使用它,还需要几年的时间。上文提到“这种智能技术并不是幻想。”,下文提到“大多数新住宅要开始使用它,还需要几年的时间”,上下文之间为转折关系,且空处和后面的句子有逗号隔开,需用副词nevertheless/however,表示转折,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Nevertheless/However。
65.考查连词。句意同上。It takes/will take some time before...是固定句型,表示“需要(多久)才能……”,用连词before引导时间状语从句。故填before。
66.
With the improvement of people’s living standards, people are paying more attention to health problems.
Firstly, we should eat lots of fruit and vegetables, because they are rich in vitamins and low in fat. As a proverb says, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” Don’t have a lot of food that contains too much fat. Secondly, exercise is important. Regular exercise can help us keep our figures. People who do running every day usually have stronger hearts than those who don’t.
Finally, we should sleep about eight hours every day, and never work too hard. Overwork and little sleep will cause us to fall ill. What’s more, keep happy every day.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于图表作文。要求考生介绍健康专家提出的保持健康的几点建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
提高:improvement→enhancement
关注:pay attention to→focus on
重要的:important→significant
导致:cause→lead to
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句:Overwork and little sleep will cause us to fall ill.
拓展句:It is overwork and little sleep that will cause us to fall ill.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Firstly, we should eat lots of fruit and vegetables, because they are rich in vitamins and low in fat.(运用了because引导的原因状语从句)
【高分句型2】People who do running every day usually have stronger hearts than those who don’t.(运用了who引导的限制性定语从句)
67. I had squeezed a lot of facial cleanser onto the bread when my mom suddenly returned. “What are you doing, honey ” she asked in surprise. I proudly held up the bread and replied, “I’m making cream bread!” My mom’s eyes widened in horror as she realized what I had done. She quickly snatched the bread away from me, scolding, “This is facial cleanser, not cream. It’s very dangerous to eat!” I felt scared and started crying. Hugging me, Mom comforted softly, “It’s okay, sweetie. Everyone makes mistakes. But remember, never eat anything that isn’t food.”
My mom sat down beside me and explained gently. “Cream bread is made with a special kind of cream that is safe to eat. The facial cleanser we use is for cleaning our faces and shouldn’t be eaten. It’s important to always read the labels and instructions before using or eating anything.” I nodded seriously, understanding the importance of being careful with what I put in my mouth. My mom continued, “Next time, let’s make some real cream bread together, okay ” I smiled brightly at the thought of making delicious cream bread with my mom.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开,讲述了作者小时候很喜欢吃奶油面包,但因此身体出现问题后妈妈不再给作者买奶油面包,一次路过面包店时妈妈买了普通面包,回到家后妈妈有事外出,叮嘱作者如果饿了就吃买来的面包,但是作者尝试后认为味道不好,想起妈妈的洗面奶像奶油一样,就将它挤到面包上。
【详解】1. 段落续写:
①由第一段首句内容“我在面包上挤了很多洗面奶,这时妈妈突然回来了。”可知,第一段可描写妈妈看到作者行为后的反应。
②由第二段首句内容“妈妈在我旁边坐下,温柔地向我解释。”可知,第二段可描写妈妈向作者解释奶油面包和洗面奶的区别并承诺和作者一起制作奶油面包。
2. 续写线索:妈妈询问——回答——妈妈斥责——害怕——安慰——妈妈解释——明白吃东西的重要性——妈妈承诺一起制作奶油面包
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①回答:reply/answer
②意识到:realize/be aware
③拥抱:hug/embrace
情绪类
①自豪:proudly/with pride
②害怕:scared/afraid
【点睛】【高分句型1】My mom’s eyes widened in horror as she realized what I had done. (运用由连词as引导的时间状语从句和what引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】Cream bread is made with a special kind of cream that is safe to eat. (运用由关系代词that引导的定语从句)
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