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作文背诵（版本一）
一、应用文之信件类模板（三段式）
开头段： 问候对方(朋友间)或自我介绍(陌生人间)，
结合写作背景，表明写作目的
中间段： 陈述要点
结尾段： 表达愿望
二、信件类万能句式
开头段 开头段 版本一（写给不熟悉的人）： I’m Li Hua, a senior 1/2/3 student from Xinhua school. I’m very glad/sorry to hear/ know/learn that... So I will...(表明目的) 我是李华，一名来自新华学校的高一/高二/高三学生。听说/知道/了解到...我很高兴/遗憾。所以我将... 版本二（写给熟悉的人）： How is everything going recently Hearing/Knowing/Learning that... , I’m very glad/sorry. Therefore，I’m writing this letter to ...(表明目的) 你最近还好吗？听说/知道/了解到...我很高兴/遗憾。因此，我写这封信来... 不同信件表明目的的句式如下： 1.shen 1.申请信 I’m writing this letter to apply to be a/an... 我写这封信申请成为一名......。 I’m writing this letter to apply for the position. 我写这封信申请得到这个职位。 2.建议信 I’m writing this letter to give you some advice /suggestions. 我写这封信给你一些建议。 介绍信、推荐信 I’m writing this letter to introduce /recommend it to you.我写这封信向你介绍/推荐它。 I’m writing this letter to give you a brief introduction. 我写这封信向你简要地介 绍它。 4.告知信 I’m writing this letter to tell you about it. 我写这封信告诉你有关它的一些事情。 I’m writing this letter to inform you of it. 我写这封信告诉你有关它的一些事情 5.咨询信 I’m writing this letter to ask for some information about it. 我写这封信咨询有关它的一些信息。 6.邀请信 I’m writing this letter to invite you to come to the exhibition. 我写这封信邀请你来看这个展览。 7.求助信 I’m writing this letter to ask for / seek your help. 我写这封信寻求你的帮助。 8.祝贺信 I’m writing this letter to congratulate you on winning the prize. 我写这封信祝贺你获奖。 9.感谢信 I’m writing this letter to thank you for your help/understanding. 我写这封信来谢谢你的帮助/理解 I’m writing this letter to express my sincere thanks for your help. 我写这封信对你的帮助表达我的真诚的感激。 10.道歉信 I’m writing this letter to say sorry / express my sincere apologies / apologize to you for not being able to go to the bookstore with you at the appointed time. 我写这封信向你表达我真诚的歉意，因为我不能按约定时间和你一起去书店了。 11.慰问信 I’m writing this letter to express / show my heartfelt concern for you. 我写这封信表达我对你的真切的关心/担忧。 12.投诉信 I’m writing this letter to complain about the phone I bought last week. 我写这封信投诉我上周买的手机。
中间段 中间段 过渡语： Fir 1. Firstly, ... Secondly, ... Thirdly, ... Last but not least, ... 第一, ...... 第二，...... 第三，...... 最后但并非不重要，...... 2.To begin with/First of all, ... Besides, ... What’s more/In addition, ... Finally, ...... 首先, ......其次,......而且/另外, ...... (适用于提建议，介绍情况，咨询情况，投诉产品等) 二、高频句式： 1.引出看法 As we all know, ... 众所周知, ...... / As you know, ... 如你所知, ...... It is well known that... 众所周知，...... It is common knowledge that... 众所周知，...... In my opinion / From my point of view/ As far as I am concerned, ...在我看来, ...... As is known to all, reading can broaden our horizons and enrich our knowledge. 众所周知，阅读能开阔我们的视野、丰富我们的知识。 It is common knowledge that everything has two sides.众所周知，事物都有两面性。 -ving作主语 Helping others brings me great pleasure. 帮助他人给我带来了极大的快乐。 Listening to music is my favorite hobby. 听音乐是我的最大爱好。 Staying up is harmful to our health. 熬夜对我们的健康有害。 Doing sports is good for our health. 做运动对我们的身体健康有好处。 Reading widely helps us learn new things and expand our knowledge. 广泛地阅读帮助我们学习新东西扩展我们的知识面。 3.It is +adj./ n. + for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说...... It is important for us to keep healthy. 保持健康对我们来说很重要。 It is necessary for us to learn English well. 学好英语对我们老来说是有必要的。 It is a good idea for us to travel to the north. 到处旅行对我们来说是个好主意。 4.非限制性定语从句： I come from a small village, which is very beautiful. 我来自一个小村庄，它很漂亮。 We should exercise regularly, which can bring us a lot of benefits. 我们应该定期锻炼，这能给我们带来许多好处。 I always help others, which brings me great fun. 我总是帮助别人，这给我带来极大的快乐。 He is always late, which makes his teacher very angry. 他总是迟到，这使他的老师非常生气。 5.not only...but also... “不仅......而且......” He is not only my friend but also my teacher. 他不仅是我的朋友，还是我的老师。 Reading not only brings us lots of knowledge, but also it makes us wiser. 阅读不仅给我们带来大量的知识而且也让我们更加明智。
结尾段 申请信 I’m looking forward to being accepted. 我期待着被录用/被接受。 I would appreciate it if you could give me this opportunity. 如果你能给我这个机会我将不胜感激。 建议信 I hope you will find my suggestions helpful.我希望你会认为我的建议是有帮助的。 介绍信、推荐信 I hope you will find my introduction/recommendation helpful. 我希望你会认为我的介绍/推荐是有帮助的。 告知信 I hope you will find this information useful.我希望你会认为这些信息有用的。 咨询信 I’m looking forward to hearing from you.我期待着收到你的来信。 邀请信 We are looking forward to your coming.我们期待着你的到来。 We sincerely hope you can attend it.我们真诚地希望您能参加。 求助信 I would be very grateful if you could lend me a hand. 如果您能帮助我，我将非常感激。 祝贺信 Please accept my sincere congratulations. Looking forward to your good news again. 请接受我真诚的祝贺。期待你再次传来好消息。 感谢信 Please accept my sincere thanks from the bottom of my heart. 请接受我发自内心的感谢。 Again, thank you for your generous help. 再次感谢你的慷慨相助。 道歉信 I hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situations. 我希望你能接受我的道歉，理解我的处境。 慰问信 I hope you will find my encouragement helpful. If there is anything I can do for you, do let me know. 我希望你会认为我的鼓励是有用的。如果有什么事是我能为你做的，请务必让我知道。 投诉信 Thank you for your consideration. Looking forward to your earliest reply and action. 感谢你的考虑。期待你尽早回复和行动。
三、读后续写百搭主题升华句
1. 成长型主题升华：
When looking back on the experience, I realized that as long as we made every effort to overcome all the difficulties, we will definitely achieve success finally. 当回顾这段经历时，我意识到只要我们尽一切努力克服所有的困难，我们最终必定能取得成功。
2．助人型主题升华：
When looking back on the experience, I realized it was kindness and love that could make a big difference.当回顾这次段经历时，我意识到善良和爱可以带来很大的不同。
3. 脱险型主题升华：
When looking back on the experience, I realized that it was courage and calmness that could overcome whatever difficulties come in the way. 当回顾这段经历时，我意识到只有勇敢和冷静才能战胜前进路上的任何困难。
四、读后续写词句积累
情绪描写之“喜悦”
语料积累
joy/delight/happiness n.快乐;喜悦 pleased/delighted/cheerful adj.高兴的;愉快的
dance/ jump with joy 高兴得跳起舞来/跳起来 be wild with delight /joy 欣喜若狂
be full of happiness 充满开心/幸福 wear a smile 面带微笑
语料运用
我几乎抑制(contain)不住喜悦,蹦蹦跳跳地进了家门。
I could hardly contain my joy and danced into the house.
一看到如此可爱的兔子，我就欣喜若狂跟着它的足迹走。
At the sight of such a lovely rabbit, tracks. I was wild with joy and followed its tracks.
他面带微笑朝我走来。
He walked towards me, wearing a smile.
情绪描写之“悲伤”
语料积累
tear n.泪水 sadness n.悲伤
weep v.& n.哭泣 sob v.&n.抽噎;啜泣;呜咽
blue adj.忧郁的 sorrowful/depressed adj.悲伤的/沮丧的
burst into tears 突然哭起来 be immersed in sorrow 沉浸在悲痛之中
drown one's sorrows 借酒浇愁 an ocean of sadness 悲伤的海洋
a ripple of sadness wells up inside sb.某人心中涌起一阵悲伤
语料运用
当他得知爷爷去世的时候,他心中涌起一阵悲伤。
When he know his grandpa has passed away, a ripple of sadness welled up inside him.
听到这个消息,他如此绝望以致借酒浇愁。(倒装)
Hearing the news, so desperate was he that he drowned his sorrows.
我感觉自己像是漂浮在悲伤的海洋里。
I feel like I am floating in an ocean of sadness.
情绪描写之“害羞/尴尬/羞愧”
语料积累
shyness n.害羞 a bit shy 有点害羞
embarrassed adj.尴尬的 awkward adj.令人尴尬的;使人难堪的
ashamed adj.羞愧的,羞耻的 in shame 羞愧地
to one's shame 令某人感到羞愧的是 in embarrassment 尴尬地
hide/disguise/mask one’s embarrassment 掩饰某人的尴尬
语料运用
1) 她窘得双手掩面。
She put her hands up to her cheeks in embarrassment.
2) 男孩羞愧地低下了头,脸涨得通红。
The boy hung/lowered/bent/bowed his head in shame.
使我感到惭愧的是,我拒绝听她对事情的解释/她的说法。
To my shame, I refused to listen to her explanation of the thing/side of the story.
情绪描写之“愤怒”
语料积累
anger n.愤怒;怒火 vt.激怒;使发怒 annoy vt.使恼怒;使生气
glare at sb.怒视某人 burst into anger 勃然大怒
tremble with anger 气得发抖 turn red with anger 气得满脸通红
in a burst of anger 怒气冲冲地 cloud (over) with anger (面部、眼睛)显现愤怒
语料运用
1) 安迪怒视着她,满面怒容。
Andy glared at her and his face was filled with anger/clouded with anger.
2) 波莉怒火中烧,一把推开椅子,从桌子旁边站了起来。(过去分词作状语)
Filled with anger, Polly pushed back her chair and stood up from the table
3) 看到儿子在玩游戏而不是在做作业,她朝他大喊大叫,一怒之下冲了房间。
Seeing her son playing games instead of doing his homework, she shouted at him and rushed out of the room in a burst of anger.
情绪描写之“绝望”
语料积累
despair n.绝望vi.绝望;失去希望 desperate/hopeless adj.绝望的;无望的
hopelessly adv.绝望地 sink into hopelessness/desperation陷入绝望
in despair 绝望地 fall into despair/abandon oneself to despair陷入绝望 语料运用
1) 她绝望得心都碎了。
Her heart was broken in despair.
2) 我们绝望地站在那里,想知道下一步怎么办。
We stood there hopelessly, wondering what to do next.
3) 托尼陷入了绝望,感觉就像被扔进一个黑暗的世界。
Tony sank into hopelessness and felt like he was thrown into a world of darkness.
情绪描写之“疑惑/迷茫”
语料积累
puzzled/confused adj.迷惑不解的 be confused about 对……感到困惑
be puzzled at 对……迷惑不解 at a loss 困惑;不知所措
one's mind goes blank大脑一片空白 scratch one's head 苦思冥想;绞尽脑汁
one's forehead knots in a frown/with a frown on one's face眉头紧皱/双眉紧锁
语料运用
1) 关于如何与同学和睦相处,她感到很困惑。
She felt very confused about how to get along with her classmates.
2) 他绞尽脑汁,但仍对这道数学题无从下手。
He scratched his head, but he was still unable to start with the math problem.
3) 当熊朝他扑来时,他不知所措,脑子一片空白。
When the bear came at him, he was at a loss and his mind went blank.
情绪描写之“后悔”
语料积累
guilty adj.感到内疚的;感到惭愧的 regretful adj.后悔的;失望的
to one's regret令某人遗憾/后悔的是 with deep regret 深感遗憾
say sorry to 向……道歉 apologize to 向……道歉
a wave of guilt 一阵内疚 be filled with guilt 满怀内疚
语料运用
1) 她想为自己发脾气向汤姆道歉。
She wanted to say sorry to Tom for losing her temper.
2) 我感到一阵内疚,言语无法表达我的遗憾。
I was overwhelmed by a wave of guilt and words failed to express my regret.
3) 我满怀内疚,冲出去向汤姆道歉。(过去分词短语作状语)
Filled with guilt, I rushed out to apologize to Tom.
情绪描写之“紧张”
语料积累
nervous/tense adj.紧张的 tremble vi.(因紧张、惊慌等)颤抖,哆嗦
beat v.(心脏)跳动 hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
have butterflies in one's stomach 紧张,惊慌 can't help trembling 忍不住发抖
be on pins and needles 如坐针毡
语料运用
1) 他屏住呼吸等待考试结果。
He waited for the test result, holding his breath.
2) 当他紧紧捏着我的手时,我心里发慌。
As he squeezed my hand tightly, I had butterflies in my stomach.
她浑身颤抖,如坐针毡。
She trembled all over, being on pins and needles.
情绪描写之“恐惧”
语料积累
scare v.恐惧;使害怕 n.恐慌;惊吓 in panic 恐惧地
with/in fear害怕地 be full of horror 充满恐惧
in/with horror 惊恐地 tremble with fear 害怕得发抖
语料运用
1) 他惊慌失措地踱来踱去。
He paced up and down in panic.
2) 他吓得僵住了,寸步难行。(过去分词作状语)
Frozen with fear, he can't move an inch.
3) 一看到那只凶恶的狼,我就吓得嗓子发紧,膝盖发软。
At the sight of the fierce wolf, I felt so scared that my throat tightened and my knees felt weak.
情绪描写之“坚定”
语料积累
determination n.决心;决定 perseverance n.毅力
endurance n.耐力,忍耐力 make up one's mind 下定决心
a firm stand 坚定的立场 a firm belief 坚定的信念
语料运用
1) 他下定决心要赶上同班同学。
He was determined to/made up his mind to/determined to catch up with his classmates.
2) 他持有坚定的信念:毕业后就在家乡工作。
He holds a firm belief that he will work in his hometown after graduation.
3) 他们依靠毅力克服了许多困难,终于到达了山顶,看见了日出。
Relying on their perseverance, they overcame many difficulties and finally reached the top of the mountain and saw the sunrise.
情绪描写之“激动”
语料积累
excite vt.使激动;使兴奋 excited adj.激动的;兴奋的
be excited about/at/by….对……感到兴奋 thrill n.激动;兴奋 vt.使非常激动
with a mixture of excitement and happiness既兴奋又开心
with excitement兴奋地;激动地
语料运用
1. 男孩停了下来,他的心激动得怦怦跳。(独立主格)
The boy stopped, his heart beating with excitement.
2. 当她走进房间时,我们既兴奋又开心地看着她。
When she walked into the room, we looked at her with a mixture of excitement and happiness.
3. 孩子们对打开礼物感到兴奋不已。
The children were excited about/at/by opening their presents.
情绪描写之“惊讶”
语料积累
shock n.震惊;惊愕 v.使震惊 astonished/surprised adj.吃惊的
a flash of surprise一丝震惊 in surprise 吃惊地
to one's surprise 令某人吃惊的是 with shock 震惊,惊愕
语料运用
1. 我觉察出他眼中闪过一丝震惊。
I sensed a flash of surprise in his eyes.
2. 听到那个消息,她惊讶地抬起头。
Hearing that news, she looked up in surprise.
3. 他惊讶得说不出话来,甚至都不能思考了。(too..to...)
He was too surprised/astonished to speak or even to think.
情绪描写之“感动”
语料积累
affect v.使感动;打动 move v.使感动;打动
move sb. to tears使某人感动得落泪 touch v.感动;触动
be moved/touched/affected deeply被深深打动
语料运用
1. 老百姓被深深地感动了,拍手拍得更响了
Touched/ Moved/Affected deeply, the crowd clapped their hands more loudly.
2. 那是一个让每个人都感动得落泪的好故事。
That was a great story that moved everyone to tears.
3. 看到陌生人这般彼此关照,我实在感动。
I was really moved/touched to see how much strangers could care for each other.
动作描写之“说”
语料积累
say v.说;告诉 shout(at) v.(朝……)大声说,喊叫
add v.补充说;继续说 mumble an apology 嘟嘟囔囔地道歉
in a whisper 耳语;低声地,小声地 cry for help 呼救
语料运用
1. 他说那件事的声音太小了,所以我听不见。
He said it in a whisper, so I couldn’t hear it.
2. 小男孩垂着头,嘟嘟囔囔地向他的母亲道歉。
The little boy hung his head and mumbled an apology to his mother.
3. 狼也注意到保罗和贝姬,回头朝他们嚎叫。
The wolf also noticed Paul and Becky and turned its head back, shouting at him.
动作描写之“看”
语料积累
look vi.看 see v.看见
watch v.观看 notice v.注意
recognize vt.认出 stare at凝视
glare at 怒视 cast a glance/glimpse at 向……瞥一眼
语料运用
1. 我们一到我就认出了那位著名的喜剧演员。
I recognized the famous comedian as soon as we arrived.
2. 她看见一个男人在大厅里走来走去。
She saw a man walking up and down the hall.
3. 当他说完时,他抬起头,向窗外看去。
When he finished speaking, he lifted his head and looked out of the window.
动作描写之“笑”
语料积累
smile v.微笑;笑;露出(笑容) laugh v.笑;发笑
grin v.咧着嘴笑;露齿而笑 laugh loudly 大声地笑
a bright smile 灿烂的笑容 burst into laughter/burst out laughing突然大笑起来
语料运用
1. 他的脸上露出了灿烂的笑容。
A bright smile appeared on his face.
2. 苏珊向他微笑并挥手。
Susan smiled at him and waved.
3. 他控制不住自己突然大笑起来。
He couldn’t help himself and burst into laughter/burst out laughing.
动作描写之“肢体动作（一）”
语料积累
lower/bend/bow one's head低头 shake/nod one’s head摇/点头
kiss sb. on both cheeks亲吻某人的双颊 turn one's eyes to….把目光转向…… open one's mouth 张开嘴 shake hands 握手
snap one's fingers 打响指
语料运用
1.他亲了亲她的双颊,然后上了火车。
He kissed her on both cheeks and got on the train.
2.听到门把转动的声音,他向门那边看去。
He turned his eyes to the door when he heard the handle turning.
3.他打了个响指,侍者跑了过来。
He snapped his fingers and the waiter came running.
动作描写之“肢体动作（二）”
语料积累
fold one's arms 双臂交叉在胸前 arm in arm臂挽臂
shrug one's shoulders 耸肩 wipe one's nose 擦鼻子
bite one's lip 咬着嘴唇 lie on one's back 仰卧
jump to one's feet 跳起来 cross one's legs 交叉双腿
语料运用
1.他紧张地咬着嘴唇,努力忍着不哭出来。
He bit his lip nervously, trying not to cry.
2.她仰卧在沙发上。
She was lying on her back on the sofa.
3.看到一条蛇突然从草地里爬出来,他吓得跳了起来。
Seeing a snake suddenly crawling out of the grass, he was so frightened that he jumped to his feet.
环境描写之“sky”
语料积累
dot v.点缀;布满s sunny adj.阳光明媚的
inky adj.墨黑的 clear adj.晴朗的
cloudless adj.晴朗的;无云的 the rising/setting sun 朝阳/落日
a rainbow hanging in the sky挂在空中的彩虹
语料运用
1.星星点缀着夜空,照亮了夜晚。
The stars that dotted the sky lit up the night.
2.月亮在墨似的夜空中升起。
The moon was rising in the inky sky.
3.天空中挂着一道彩虹。它看起来美极了。
There is a rainbow hanging in the sky. It looks very beautiful.
环境描写之“rain”
语料积累
rainy adj.多雨的 storm n.暴风雨
dark clouds 乌云 gentle/light rain 小雨,细雨;毛毛雨
pour with rain 下大雨 rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨
fierce/heavy/violent storms狂风暴雨 pour down 倾盆而下;倾泻
thunder and lightning 电闪雷鸣
语料运用
1.暴风雨差一点将房顶掀掉。
The storm nearly tore the roof off the house.
2.乌云积满了大量雨水,随时准备倾泻。
The dark clouds were packed with tons of water which was ready to pour down anytime.
3.那天夜里来了一场可怕的暴风雨,电闪雷鸣。
There was a terrible storm that night, with claps of thunder and lightning.
环境描写之“wind”
语料积累
windy adj.风大的
die away(声音、风等)慢慢变弱,逐渐消失
a cool, refreshing breeze一阵凉爽清新的风
a gust of wind一阵狂风 a north wind 北风 a light wind微风
语料运用
1.北风寒冷刺骨。
The north wind was bitter.
2.天渐渐黑了,风渐渐小了。
It was getting dark and the wind died away.
3.一阵狂风吹来,把垂柳的枝条像窗帘一样拉开。
A gust of wind blew and parted the branches of the weeping willow like a curtain.
环境描写之“snow”
语料积累
snowstorm n.暴风雪 melt away 融化
shining snow 白雪皑皑 fine snow 细细的雪
a blanket of snow 厚厚的一层雪 be covered with thick snow 被厚厚的雪覆盖
be hit/struck by a heavy snow 遭受大雪的袭击
语料运用
1.雪很快融化了。
The snow soon melted away.
2.细细的雪从空中落下,在阳光下闪着光。
Fine snow fell from the sky, shining in the sun.
3.大地覆盖着一层厚厚的雪,难以融化。
The earth is covered with a blanket of snow, which is difficult to melt away.
环境描写之“山川湖泊”
语料积累
hill n.小山 mountain n.高山
river n.河流 stream n.小溪
lake n.湖 murmur n.(水、风等发出的)低沉的声音,轻柔的声音
winding adj.蜿蜒的;曲折的 low, rolling hills 山势低缓,连绵起伏
the deep valley 深谷 the snow-covered peak 积雪覆盖的山峰
语料运用
1.她站在河边,听着淙淙的流水声。
She stood by the river, listening to the murmur of it.
2.沿着蜿蜒曲折的山路,他们艰难地到达了积雪覆盖的山峰。
Along the winding mountain road, they reached the snow-covered peak with difficulty.
3.湖被几座小山环绕,湖面映照着上方的天空,所以它们看上去都是无比湛蓝,并且闪闪发光。
The lake is surrounded by several hills and the lake surface reflects the sky above, so they all look very blue and shining.
环境描写之“社会环境”
语料积累
energetic adj.充满活力的 quiet adj.安静的
lovely adj.可爱的 remote/distant adj.遥远的
old/ancient adj.古老的 step back in time 时光倒流
a flood of vehicles 许多车辆 a crowded street一条拥挤的街道
a favorably situated city 位置优越的城市 panicked crowds 惊慌失措的人群
rows of new houses一排排的新房子
语料运用
1.绕着小镇漫步有点儿像时光倒流。(动名词作主语)
Walking around the town was a little like stepping back in time.
2.南京,这座古老而又生气勃勃的城市,有着悠久的历史。(同位语)
Nanjing, an old yet energetic city, has a long history.
3.教室里很安静,连一根针掉在地上的声音都听得见。
It was so quiet in the classroom that the sound of a needle dropping to the ground could be heard.
4.我的家乡发生了很大变化,人们过着富足的生活,盖起了一排排的新房子。
Great changes have taken place in my hometown. People live a rich life and build rows of new houses.

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