资源简介 Lesson 13 The search for oil 探寻石油核心词汇search释义:搜索,探寻;搜查(名词 / 动词)。搭配:in search of(寻找,寻求),search for(搜寻,查找)。例句:They went into the forest in search of wild fruits.(他们进入森林寻找野生水果。)oil释义:油;石油;油画颜料(名词);给…… 加油(动词)。搭配:crude oil(原油),oil field(油田),oil the machine(给机器加油)。例句:The country is rich in oil resources.(这个国家石油资源丰富。)prospect释义:前景,前途;可能性;勘探,勘察(名词 / 动词)。搭配:have good prospects(有良好的前景),prospect for(勘探……)。例句:The prospect for finding gold in this area is very small.(在这个地区找到黄金的可能性很小。)geologist释义:地质学家。搭配:无常见特殊搭配。例句:The geologist studied the rock formations carefully.(地质学家仔细研究了岩层结构。)drill释义:钻孔机;操练,训练(名词);钻孔;训练(动词)。搭配:oil drill(石油钻机),drill a hole(钻一个孔),drill troops(训练部队)。例句:They used a powerful drill to make a deep hole in the ground.(他们使用一台大功率钻孔机在地上钻了一个深洞。)core释义:核心;果心;岩芯(名词);去掉(水果等的)果心;取(岩芯等)(动词)。搭配:at the core of(在…… 的核心),take a core sample(取岩芯样本)。例句:The core of the problem is lack of communication.(问题的核心是缺乏沟通。)sample释义:样本,样品;抽样检查(名词 / 动词)。搭配:take a sample(取样),random sample(随机样本)。例句:The scientist took a sample of the water for testing.(科学家取了一份水样进行检测。)analyse释义:分析,剖析。搭配:analyse data(分析数据),analyse a problem(分析问题)。例句:We need to analyse the situation carefully before making a decision.(我们在做决定前需要仔细分析形势。)crust释义:地壳;外壳;面包皮(名词)。搭配:Earth's crust(地壳),the crust of the bread(面包皮)。例句:The crust of the Earth is made up of different layers.(地球的地壳由不同的地层组成。)mantle释义:地幔;披风,斗篷;覆盖物(名词);覆盖(动词)。搭配:Earth's mantle(地幔),mantle with(用…… 覆盖)。例句:The mountains are mantled with snow.(群山覆盖着白雪。)reservoir释义:水库,蓄水池;储藏,蕴藏(名词)。搭配:oil reservoir(油藏),water reservoir(水库)。例句:This area has a large oil reservoir underground.(这个地区地下有一个大型油藏。)trapped释义:陷入困境的;受困的;捕获的(形容词);使陷入困境;捕获(动词 trap 的过去式及过去分词)。搭配:be trapped in(被困在…… 里)。例句:They were trapped in the elevator for hours.(他们被困在电梯里好几个小时了。)porous释义:多孔的,有气孔的;能渗透的。搭配:porous material(多孔材料),porous rock(多孔岩石)。例句:Porous rocks can allow oil and gas to flow through.(多孔岩石能让石油和天然气流过。)permeable释义:可渗透的,能透过的。搭配:permeable membrane(可渗透膜),permeable layer(可渗透层)。例句:This kind of cloth is permeable to water.(这种布料透水。)impermeable释义:不可渗透的,不透水的。搭配:impermeable layer(不透水层),impermeable barrier(不透水屏障)。例句:The plastic sheet is impermeable to liquids.(塑料薄膜不透液体。)capillary释义:毛细管;毛细血管(名词);毛状的,毛细管作用的(形容词)。搭配:capillary action(毛细管作用),capillary tube(毛细管)。例句:Capillary action helps plants absorb water from the soil.(毛细管作用帮助植物从土壤中吸收水分。)gravity释义:重力,地心引力;严重性。搭配:the force of gravity(重力),the gravity of the situation(情况的严重性)。例句:An apple falls to the ground because of gravity.(苹果由于重力作用掉到地上。)squeeze释义:挤压,捏;压榨,榨取(名词 / 动词)。搭配:squeeze out(挤出,榨出),squeeze through(挤过,勉强通过)。例句:He squeezed the orange to get some juice.(他挤压橙子以获取一些果汁。)extract释义:提取物,精华;摘录;提取,提炼(名词 / 动词)。搭配:extract oil(提炼石油),extract from(从…… 中提取)。例句:They extracted valuable minerals from the ore.(他们从矿石中提取了有价值的矿物。)pump释义:泵,抽水机;打气筒(名词);用泵输送;打气(动词)。搭配:oil pump(油泵),pump water(抽水),pump up(打气;使振奋)。例句:The pump is used to send water to the roof tank.(这个泵被用来把水输送到屋顶水箱。)二、课文1. 文章内容解读课文围绕探寻石油这一主题展开。首先介绍了石油对于现代社会的重要性以及人们为寻找石油所做的各种努力,包括地质学家如何通过研究地质结构等进行勘探工作。接着讲述了石油形成并储藏在地壳内的相关原理,比如它可能被困在多孔且可渗透的岩石中,而上面会有不透水层覆盖等情况,还提到了像重力、毛细管作用等因素对石油存在及开采的影响。最后描述了开采石油的一些基本方式,例如通过钻井、取样分析以及后续利用泵等设备进行提取等操作,呈现出石油探寻与开采这一复杂且专业性较强的过程。2. 重点句型讲解“The search for oil has done much to improve deep drilling techniques, which have made it possible to drill holes several miles deep.”(探寻石油的活动大大推动了深层钻探技术的发展,这使得钻几英里深的孔成为可能。)讲解:此句中 “which have made it possible to drill holes several miles deep” 是一个非限定性定语从句,用来对先行词 “deep drilling techniques” 进行补充说明,解释了这些技术带来的具体成果,让句子的表意更丰富完整,同时体现了英语中利用从句使复杂逻辑清晰呈现的特点。“Were it not for the gravity, the oil would not be trapped in the reservoirs under the impermeable rock.”(要不是重力作用,石油就不会被困在不透水岩石下面的油藏里了。)讲解:这是一个虚拟语气的倒装句,正常语序是 “If it were not for the gravity, the oil would not be trapped in the reservoirs under the impermeable rock.”,在虚拟条件句中,如果 if 引导的从句中有 were、had、should 时,可以把这些词提前,省略 if 进行倒装,这种句式结构常用于表达与事实相反的假设情况,使语言更具书面性和逻辑性。三、语法1. 非限定性定语从句定义:非限定性定语从句是对先行词起补充说明作用的定语从句,它与主句之间往往用逗号隔开,即使去掉该从句,主句意思依然完整,它主要是为了提供额外的、相对次要的信息,对事物或人物做进一步的描述、解释等。用法:常用关系代词 which(指物)、who(指人)、whom(指人,作宾语)、whose(表示所属关系)等来引导。例如:My hometown, which is famous for its beautiful scenery, attracts many tourists every year.(我的家乡,因其美丽的风景而闻名,每年吸引很多游客。)“which is famous for its beautiful scenery” 就是对 “hometown” 的补充说明,去掉它不影响 “ My hometown attracts many tourists every year.” 这个主句的表意完整性。例句:The book, which I bought yesterday, is really interesting.(我昨天买的那本书真的很有趣。)2. 虚拟语气定义:虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并非事实,而是一种假设、愿望、建议、猜测、可能或主观设想等。用法:常见的有与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反等不同情况,各自有对应的动词形式变化。例如,与现在事实相反时,if 从句用一般过去时(be 动词常用 were),主句用 “would/should/could/might + 动词原形”;与过去事实相反时,if 从句用过去完成时,主句用 “would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词”;与将来事实相反时,if 从句用 “were to + 动词原形” 或 “should + 动词原形”,主句用 “would/should/could/might + 动词原形”。如:If I were you, I would study harder.(如果我是你,我会更努力学习。)(与现在事实相反);If he had come yesterday, we would have finished the work.(如果他昨天来了,我们就已经完成工作了。)(与过去事实相反)。例句:If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.(如果明天下雨,我们就不去露营了。)(与将来事实相反)四、单句语法填空They are still in the ______ (search) for the missing child.(答案:search,“in search of” 是固定搭配,此处 “in the search for” 也表示 “寻找”,用名词形式)The geologist took a ______ (sample) of the rock for analysis.(答案:sample,根据前面的不定冠词 “a” 可知此处用名词单数形式)Scientists need to ______ (analyse) the data carefully before drawing a conclusion.(答案:analyse,“need to do sth.” 是固定用法,意为 “需要做某事”,所以此处用动词原形)The oil is trapped in the ______ (porous) rocks underground.(答案:porous,此处用形容词修饰名词 “rocks”,“porous” 表示 “多孔的”)An ______ (impermeable) layer prevents the oil from flowing out.(答案:impermeable,此处用形容词修饰名词 “layer”,“impermeable” 表示 “不透水的”)Were it not for his help, I ______ (be) in big trouble now.(答案:would be,根据虚拟语气的用法,此处是与现在事实相反的假设,从句用倒装形式 “Were it not for...”,主句用 “would + 动词原形”,所以填 “would be”)The new technique has made it possible to ______ (extract) more oil from the reservoir.(答案:extract,“make it possible to do sth.” 是固定结构,意为 “使做某事成为可能”,所以此处用动词原形)They used a powerful ______ (pump) to send the water to a higher place.(答案:pump,根据前面的不定冠词 “a” 可知此处用名词单数形式)The core of the earth consists of the ______ (mantle) and the core.(答案:mantle,定冠词 “the” 后接名词,“mantle” 表示 “地幔”,符合语境)The situation is very serious. We should fully understand the ______ (gravity) of it.(答案:gravity,定冠词 “the” 后接名词,“gravity” 表示 “严重性”,符合语境) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览