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2024年秋期人教版九英阅读素材 用英语讲中国文化 丝绸和陶瓷
用英语讲中国文化【一】——丝绸（Silk）
Silk:The Oriental Splendor Through Millennia丝绸：穿越千年的东方华彩
In the ancient Orient, there was a kind of fabric that was as soft as moonlight and as gorgeous as rosy clouds. It was silk. Emerging from the depths of history, silk has carried the profoundness and elegance of Chinese civilization and shone brightly throughout the long river of time.在古老的东方，有一种织物，它如月光般轻柔，似云霞般绚烂，这便是丝绸。从历史的深处走来，丝绸承载着华夏文明的厚重与优雅，在岁月长河中熠熠生辉。
The origin of silk is like a mysterious and touching legend. It is said that Leizu, the wife of the Yellow Emperor, accidentally discovered that silkworms spun silk to form cocoons, thus opening the prelude to sericulture and silk reeling. Since then, the silk-making craft has taken root and flourished in the land of China and gradually become a treasure of Chinese culture. In ancient times, silk was an extremely precious item. It was often presented as a tribute to the imperial family or given as a diplomatic gift to other countries. Its delicate texture and exquisite patterns fascinated countless people.丝绸的起源，宛如一则神秘而动人的传说。相传黄帝之妻嫘祖，偶然间发现蚕吐丝结茧，从而开启了养蚕缫丝的先河。此后，丝绸工艺在中华大地生根发芽，逐渐成为中国文化的瑰宝。在古代，丝绸是极为珍贵的物品，常被作为贡品进献给皇室，或作为外交礼品赠予他国。那细腻的质感、精美的图案，令无数人为之倾倒。
Along the Silk Road, the great artery for exchanges between the East and the West, silk, like a lively envoy, spread Chinese culture and technology to the rest of the world. Starting from Chang'an, it traversed Central Asia, West Asia and reached Europe. In Rome, the appearance of silk once triggered a fashion frenzy. The nobles competed to wear silk clothing to show their status and taste. The silk that was as thin as a cicada's wings and as light as floating clouds made the Western world truly feel the charm and mystery of Oriental civilization for the first time. The silk trade not only promoted economic prosperity but also drove the integration and dissemination of cultures. The skills and artistic styles of various countries collided and merged on silk, giving birth to colorful cultural flowers.沿着丝绸之路，这一东西方交流的大动脉，丝绸如灵动的使者，将中国的文化与科技传向世界。从长安出发，穿越中亚、西亚，抵达欧洲。在罗马，丝绸的出现曾引发了一场时尚的狂欢，贵族们竞相身着丝绸服饰，以彰显身份与品味。那薄如蝉翼、轻若浮云的丝绸，让西方世界第一次真切感受到了东方文明的魅力与神秘。丝绸的贸易，不仅促进了经济的繁荣，更推动了文化的交融与传播。各国的技艺、艺术风格在丝绸上相互碰撞、融合，绽放出绚丽多彩的文化之花。
The silk-making process is truly an exquisite art. It starts with sericulture. Every silkworm is carefully taken care of until they spin silk to form cocoons. Then comes silk reeling, in which the silk is drawn out from the cocoons. After going through multiple complicated procedures, bright and white silk threads can be obtained. Next is weaving. Under the interweaving of the looms, the silk threads are like lively musical notes, jumping out with beautiful patterns and textures. The dyeing process endows silk with rich colors and vitality. Traditional dyeing techniques, such as tie-dyeing and batik, can create unique and ever-changing color effects. Each process is filled with the painstaking efforts and wisdom of craftsmen and represents the adherence to and inheritance of traditional skills.丝绸的制作工艺，堪称一门精妙绝伦的艺术。从养蚕开始，精心呵护每一只蚕宝宝，直至它们吐丝结茧。而后是缫丝，将蚕茧中的丝抽出，经过多道复杂工序，方能得到洁白光亮的丝线。接着是纺织，在织机的交织下，丝线如灵动的音符，跳跃出精美的图案与纹理。染色环节更是赋予了丝绸丰富的色彩与生命力，传统的染色技艺，如扎染、蜡染，能创造出独一无二、变幻无穷的色彩效果。每一道工序，都饱含着手工艺人的心血与智慧，是对传统技艺的坚守与传承。
In terms of cultural connotations, silk has long surpassed the category of a fabric. It is a symbol of beauty and auspiciousness. In traditional Chinese weddings, brides often wear red silk cheongsams or dresses, symbolizing joy and happiness. Silk is also often used to make mounting materials for calligraphy and paintings, adding an air of elegance and solemnity to those precious artworks. In ancient poems and odes, silk also appears frequently. "Those who are dressed in silk all over are not the silkworm raisers" tells the class differences in ancient society and the hardships of the working people. "The silkworm will only end its silk when it dies, and the candle will only stop its tears when it burns to ashes" uses the silk-producing material - silk worm silk - to express the unwavering loyalty and endless longing in love.在文化内涵上，丝绸早已超越了一种织物的范畴，它是美好与吉祥的象征。在传统的中式婚礼上，新娘常常身着红色的丝绸旗袍或礼服，寓意着喜庆与幸福。丝绸还常被用于制作书画装裱材料，为那些珍贵的墨宝增添了一份高雅与庄重。诗词歌赋中，丝绸也频繁出现，“遍身罗绮者，不是养蚕人” 诉说着古代社会的阶层差异与劳动者的艰辛；“春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干” 则以丝绸的原料 —— 蚕丝，表达了对爱情的忠贞不渝与无尽思念。
Nowadays, silk still exudes its unique charm on the modern fashion stage. Internationally renowned designers have incorporated silk elements into their design works one after another. Whether it's an elegant flowing silk dress or a delicate silk tie, they not only show fashion and individuality but also pay tribute to the ancient Chinese culture. Chinese silk brands are also constantly innovating and developing, combining traditional crafts with modern technologies and launching a series of high-quality and creative silk products, allowing silk to enter more people's lives.如今，丝绸在现代时尚舞台上依然散发着独特的魅力。国际知名设计师们纷纷将丝绸元素融入设计作品中，或是一袭飘逸的丝绸长裙，或是一条精致的丝绸领带，在展现时尚与个性的同时，也向古老的中国文化致敬。中国的丝绸品牌也在不断创新与发展，将传统工艺与现代科技相结合，推出了一系列高品质、富有创意的丝绸产品，让丝绸走进了更多人的生活。
Silk, this Oriental splendor that has traversed millennia, has witnessed the vicissitudes of history, carried rich cultural connotations, and continues to write its own legendary chapter in the new era. Let's appreciate the beauty of silk together and feel the broad and profound and infinite charm of Chinese culture.丝绸，这一穿越千年的东方华彩，它见证了历史的沧桑变迁，承载了丰富的文化内涵，在新时代里，继续书写着属于它的传奇篇章。让我们一同领略丝绸之美，感受中国文化的博大精深与无穷魅力。
用英语讲中国文化【二】——The Charm of Chinese Ceramics:
Cultural Codes in Pottery and Porcelain
陶韵瓷魂：中国陶瓷里的文化密码
In English, the word "China" means both the country of China and ceramics. This wonderful coincidence is like an invisible thread that tightly connects China with ceramics, telling the unique position of Chinese ceramics on the world stage.在英文中，“China” 有中国之意，“china” 有陶瓷之意，这奇妙的巧合，恰如一条无形的丝线，将中国与陶瓷紧紧相连，诉说着中国陶瓷在世界舞台上的独特地位。
Ceramics has a long and storied history in China. As early as the Neolithic Age, our ancestors began to make pottery. Those simple clay materials were given shape and life in their hands. They were used as utensils for storing grain or cooking food. Although simple, they were practical and met the living needs of people at that time. With the passage of time, pottery-making techniques continued to develop. By the Shang Dynasty, primitive porcelain began to appear, which was an important milestone in the history of ceramics and laid the foundation for the exquisiteness and splendor of porcelain in later times.
陶瓷，在中国有着源远流长的历史。早在新石器时代，我们的祖先就已开始制作陶器。那些质朴的陶土，在他们手中被赋予了形状与生命，或为储存粮食的器具，或为烹饪美食的器皿，虽简单却实用，满足了当时人们的生活所需。随着时间的推移，制陶技术不断发展，到了商代，原始瓷器开始出现，这是陶瓷史上的一个重要里程碑，为后来瓷器的精美与辉煌奠定了基础。
The periods when Chinese ceramics truly became famous all over the world and reached the peak of their glory were the Tang and Song Dynasties. Tang Dynasty ceramics were magnificent and colorful. Tri-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty was an outstanding representative of this period. The three colors of yellow, green, and white blended with each other, creating exquisite patterns and shapes on pottery figurines and pottery vessels, such as galloping horses, majestic camels, and graceful ladies. These Tri-colored glazed pottery works were not only popular in China but also sold overseas along the ancient Silk Road, allowing the world to have the first taste of the charm of Chinese ceramics.而中国陶瓷真正闻名遐迩、走向世界巅峰的时期当属唐宋。唐代的陶瓷大气磅礴、色彩绚丽。唐三彩便是这一时期的杰出代表，黄、绿、白三色相互交融，在陶俑、陶器上绘制出精美的图案与造型，有奔腾的骏马、威风的骆驼、端庄的仕女等。这些唐三彩作品不仅在国内备受喜爱，还沿着古老的丝绸之路远销海外，让世界初识了中国陶瓷的魅力。
The Song Dynasty pushed the production of porcelain to the ultimate aesthetic level and formed the five famous kilns, namely Ru Kiln, Guan Kiln, Ge Kiln, Jun Kiln, and Ding Kiln. Porcelain from Ru Kiln had a glaze color as warm and smooth as jade. The celeste glaze was like the most serene and deep sky in nature captured on porcelain. As the saying goes, "The color should be like the sky after rain when the clouds break." Its elegance and nobility were truly captivating. Porcelain from Guan Kiln was fired specifically for the imperial court. With its exquisite craftsmanship and superior quality, it fully demonstrated the majesty and luxury of the royal family. The unique "crackle" texture of porcelain from Ge Kiln was as natural and wonderful as ice cracks. Each crack seemed to be the mark left by time, telling stories of history. The kiln-transformed colors of porcelain from Jun Kiln were truly remarkable. The alternating purple and red were as gorgeous as the sunset glow and like the magnificent scenery of mountains and rivers presented on porcelain, unpredictable and wonderful. Porcelain from Ding Kiln was famous for its white and delicate body and beautiful printed decorations. The simple and smooth patterns, whether of flowers or animals, bloomed with a unique charm on the white porcelain.宋代则将瓷器的制作推向了极致的美学境界，形成了 “汝、官、哥、钧、定” 五大名窑。汝窑瓷器，其釉色温润如玉，天青色的釉面仿佛是大自然最宁静深邃的天空被捕捉到了瓷器之上，正所谓 “雨过天青云破处，这般颜色做将来”，那种淡雅与高贵，让人为之倾倒。官窑瓷器，专为宫廷烧制，工艺精湛，品质上乘，尽显皇家威严与奢华。哥窑瓷器的独特 “开片” 纹理，如冰裂般自然而美妙，每一道裂纹都像是岁月留下的痕迹，诉说着历史的故事。钧窑瓷器的窑变色彩堪称一绝，紫红相间，犹如晚霞般绚烂，又似山川大地的壮丽景色在瓷器上的呈现，变幻莫测，奇妙无穷。定窑瓷器则以其洁白细腻的胎质和精美的印花装饰而闻名，那简洁流畅的花纹，或花卉，或动物，在白色的瓷器上绽放出别样的光彩。
The reason why Chinese ceramics have had such a profound impact worldwide lies not only in their exquisite craftsmanship but also in their rich cultural connotations. From the perspective of the shapes of ceramics, many of them carry auspicious and beautiful meanings. For example, the common "plum vase" has an elegant and slender shape. It got its name because only plum branches could be inserted into its small mouth. Plum blossoms are symbols of tenacity and nobility in the eyes of the Chinese people, so the plum vase also implies noble character and indomitable spirit. Another example is the "gourd-shaped vase." Since the Chinese pronunciation of "gourd" is similar to that of "happiness and wealth," it symbolizes happiness, wealth, and longevity. Such a technique of implying meanings through objects is common in the design of Chinese ceramics, reflecting the Chinese people's longing for and pursuit of a better life.中国陶瓷之所以能在世界范围内产生如此深远的影响，不仅在于其精湛的工艺，更在于其丰富的文化内涵。从陶瓷的造型来看，许多都蕴含着吉祥美好的寓意。比如常见的 “梅瓶”，其造型优雅修长，因口小只能插梅枝而得名，梅花在中国人眼中是坚韧、高洁的象征，所以梅瓶也寓意着品格高尚、不屈不挠。又如 “葫芦瓶”，因葫芦与 “福禄” 谐音，象征着幸福、财富与长寿，这种借物寓意的手法在中国陶瓷设计中比比皆是，体现了中国人对美好生活的向往与追求。
In terms of the decorative patterns on ceramics, they carry a large number of elements of traditional Chinese culture. Patterns of dragons and phoenixes are symbols of imperial power and nobility and often appear on imperial court porcelain or high-grade gift porcelain. Dragons can soar in the sky, travel underground, and command the wind and rain, symbolizing authority and strength. Phoenixes are beautiful, noble, and auspicious, representing happiness and beauty. The pattern of "Three Friends of Winter" (pine, bamboo, and plum) reflects the noble character and tenacious spirit advocated by literati. Pines are evergreen throughout the year and are not afraid of the cold. Bamboos are hollow with joints, showing modesty. Plum blossoms stand proud in the snow with a delicate fragrance. These patterns decorate ceramics, not only beautifying the utensils but also spreading Chinese values and cultural spirit.在陶瓷的装饰图案上，更是承载了大量的中国传统文化元素。龙凤图案是皇权与尊贵的象征，常常出现在宫廷瓷器或高级礼品瓷上。龙，能上天入地、呼风唤雨，象征着权威与力量；凤，美丽高贵、吉祥如意，代表着幸福与美好。松竹梅 “岁寒三友” 图案，则体现了文人雅士所推崇的高洁品格与坚韧精神。松，四季常青，不畏严寒；竹，中空有节，虚怀若谷；梅，傲雪凌霜，暗香疏影。这些图案装饰在陶瓷上，不仅美化了器物，更传播了中国的价值观与文化精神。
In international cultural exchanges, Chinese ceramics play an important role as envoys. In ancient times, they traveled to countries all over the world along the Silk Road and the Maritime Silk Road. In Europe, Chinese porcelain once triggered a collection craze among the aristocratic class. It was regarded as a precious work of art and even became a symbol of measuring wealth and status. Royal families and nobles from various countries competed to collect Chinese porcelain and displayed it in palaces and castles, making it an important item for showing luxury and taste. Many Western artists also drew inspiration from Chinese ceramics and incorporated elements of Chinese ceramics into their artistic creations such as painting and sculpture, promoting the mutual integration and reference of Eastern and Western cultures.在国际文化交流中，中国陶瓷扮演着重要的使者角色。在古代，它沿着丝绸之路、海上贸易之路走向世界各国。在欧洲，中国瓷器曾一度引发了贵族阶层的收藏热潮，被视为珍贵的艺术品，甚至成为衡量财富与地位的象征。各国的王室、贵族们竞相收藏中国瓷器，将其陈列在宫殿、城堡之中，成为展示奢华与品味的重要物品。许多西方艺术家也从中国陶瓷中汲取灵感，将中国陶瓷的元素融入到他们的绘画、雕塑等艺术创作中，促进了东西方文化的相互交融与借鉴。
However, under the impact of the modern industrialization wave, traditional ceramic techniques face many challenges. Although mechanized production has increased output, some traditional handicraft techniques for making porcelain are in danger of being lost. Some ancient kilns have gradually declined due to changes in market demand and increased production costs. Fortunately, in recent years, with the enhancement of people's awareness of attaching importance to and protecting traditional culture, Chinese ceramics have also ushered in new development opportunities. Many ceramic artists, on the basis of inheriting traditional techniques, have continuously innovated, combining modern design concepts with ancient techniques to create ceramic works that have both traditional charm and meet the aesthetic needs of modern times. Some local governments have also increased their support for the traditional ceramic industry by holding ceramic culture festivals and establishing ceramic museums to promote the inheritance and development of ceramic culture.然而，在现代工业化浪潮的冲击下，传统陶瓷技艺面临着诸多挑战。机械化生产虽然提高了产量，但一些传统手工制瓷工艺却面临失传的危险。一些古老的窑口因市场需求的变化、生产成本的增加等原因而逐渐衰落。不过，值得欣慰的是，近年来，随着人们对传统文化的重视与保护意识的增强，中国陶瓷也迎来了新的发展机遇。许多陶瓷艺术家在传承传统技艺的基础上，不断创新，将现代设计理念与古老工艺相结合，创作出了既具有传统韵味又符合现代审美需求的陶瓷作品。一些地方政府也加大了对传统陶瓷产业的扶持力度，通过举办陶瓷文化节、建立陶瓷博物馆等方式，推动陶瓷文化的传承与发展。
Chinese ceramics, this bright pearl in the East, has created a glorious history with clay and fire and conquered the hearts of the world with art and culture. It is a treasure of Chinese culture and an important wealth of human civilization. Let us continue to write a wonderful chapter of Chinese ceramics in inheritance and innovation, allowing the ancient charm of pottery and porcelain to shine with even more brilliant glory in the new era and enabling the world to have a deeper understanding of the profoundness and unique charm of Chinese culture through Chinese ceramics.中国陶瓷，这颗璀璨的东方明珠，它用泥土与火焰铸就了辉煌的历史，用艺术与文化征服了世界的心灵。它是中国文化的瑰宝，也是全人类文明的重要财富。让我们在传承与创新中，继续书写中国陶瓷的精彩篇章，让这古老的陶韵瓷魂在新时代绽放出更加绚烂的光彩，让世界通过中国陶瓷更加深入地了解中国文化的博大精深与独特魅力。

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