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仁爱八年级 上 Unit 4 Topic 1重点知识
重点内容
一、构词法
名词 + ful → 形容词：beauty→ beautiful 合成词：rain +forest → rainforest south+ west → southwest
二、重点短语
1. of all 在所有的当中2. the beauty of nature 自然之美3. on the farm 在农场里4. chat with sb 与某人聊天5. live a happy life 过幸福的生活6. thousands and thousands of 千千万万的7. be important to/for sb 对某人重要8. play a part in sth 在某事中扮演一个角色9. play an important part in doing sth
在做某事中起重要作用10. die out 绝迹，消失11. feed on 以…为食12. less and less 越来越少13. keep the water cycling 保持水循环14. provide sb.with sth 为某人提供某物15. thick forests 茂密的森林 16. the lungs of the earth 地球的肺17. in danger 在危险中，有…的危险 18. visit a farm参观农场19. enjoy the beauty of nature 享受自然美景20. life in the countryside 在乡村的生活
短语详解
of all （+名词复数）在所有的当中of all 在所有的中间，常用于含最高级的句子中。例如：He is the tallest of all. 他是所有的中间最高的。She runs (the) fastest of all. 她是所有的人中跑的最快的。口语中，还可以位于句首，如：Of all girls in her class, she is the best. 在她班上的女生中，她是最棒的。 = She is the best of all girls in her class. 比较：all of +（名词复数/代词宾格）所有的… 如：All (of) my friends like apples. 我所有的朋友都喜欢苹果。All of us are going to Sam's party next week. 下周我们都去参加萨姆的聚会。All of them were singing Happy Birthday.他们所有人都在唱生日快乐歌。
the beauty of nature自然之美Let’s go and enjoy the beauty of nature. 让我们去欣赏大自然的美景吧。He knows how to feel enjoy the beauty of nature. 他懂得如何欣赏大自然的美。Attracted by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.被大自然的美丽所吸引，来自伦敦的女孩决定再在农场里呆上两天。
on the farm 在农场里在大多数的时候，farm前通常用on,偶尔用in，有时候也用at,如They work happily on a farm. 他们在农场里幸福地生活。You lived on the farm until you came back to America.你回美国之前一直生活在农场。He has twenty sheep on the farm. 他在农场养了20只绵羊。We have some chicken on the farm. 我们在农场养了一些鸡。
chat with sb与某人聊天I like to chat with my friends.我喜欢和我的朋友聊天I want to chat with you.我想和你聊聊注意：chat 也可以做名词I enjoy a chat with a friend. 我喜欢与朋友在一起聊天儿。Some students often have a chat on the internet.有些学生经常进行网上聊天。
5．live a happy life过幸福的生活live a ……life 是固定搭配. 如：live a beautiful life, live a happy life The old are living a happy life in my hometown.=The old are living happily in my hometown. 这些老人们在我的家乡愉快地生活着。
6．thousands and thousands of 千千万万的hundred 百、thousand千、million百万billion十亿、doze n十二这样的数词前面有具体数字时，不加-s，后面可以直接加名词，其前无明确数字时，要用复数形式后加of，表示概数，如：one hundred boys 一百个男孩hundreds of boys 成百上千个男孩five thousand birds 五千支鸟thousands of birds 成千上万只鸟five million dollars 类五百万美元millions of dollars 数百万美元ten billion yuan 一百亿元billions of yuan 数十亿元one dozen eggs 一打鸡蛋（12个鸡蛋）dozens of eggs 几十个鸡蛋
7．be important to/for sb对某人重要1）be important to sb. , 是说对某人很重要，强调对某人很重要的东西。Money is important to her. 钱对她很重要。What is important to you is also important to me. 对你重要的事对我也重要。2）be important for sb. 是说某事对某人的重要性，强调做某事对某人的重要性。后面要+to do的。It's important for you to do it.你做这个很重要。It is important for you to get there early.早点到达对你很重要。
8．play a part in sth在某事中扮演一个角色play an important part in doing sth在做某事中起重要作用play a part in：在...起作用，起到什么作用，相当于：play a role in：在……中起作用He play an important part in his class。他在他们班起着非常重要的作用。Why not play a part in their discussion 为什么不参与他们的讨论啊？He was invited to play a role in this TV play。他被邀请在这个电视剧里扮演一个角色
Electricity plays an important part in our daily life
电在我们的日常生活中扮演着重要的角色.
die out绝迹，消失die out 指家族、种族、习俗、观念等“灭绝”、“绝迹”。Many old customs are dying out. 许多旧习俗正在消失。Many animals are in danger of dying out.许多动物种类都处于濒临灭绝的危险中。
die away 指声音、风、光线等“渐息”、“渐弱”。His anger died away.他的怒气逐渐平息下来了。
The laughter died away.笑声渐渐消失了。
The sound of the car died away in the distance. 汽车的声音消失在远处。
die off 意为“一个一个地死去”(= die one by one)。The refugees were dying off from disease.难民们相继因病丧身。
As he grew older, his relatives all died off. 随着他年龄的增长，他的亲人都一个一个地死去了。die down 意为“(慢慢)熄灭”、“平静下来”。The wind has died down quite a lot.风小多了。The fire died down. 火慢慢熄了。His anger has died down a bit. 他的怒气已消了一点。
feed on 以…为食Cattle feed on grass.牛以草为主食。比较：feed...on/with “喂...吃.../用...喂...The child was feeding the monkey on/with a banana. They are feeding the sheep on the grass.他们正用草喂羊.She is feeding the baby on the milk.她正喂宝宝牛奶.
11．less and less+不可数名词 越来越少The couple seem to spend less and less time together两口子在一起的时间似乎越来越少。The number of pandas is becoming less and less. 熊猫的数量正变得越来越少了.比较：fewer and fewer+复数名词Tom has fewer and fewer friends
汤姆拥有越来越少的朋友.
12．keep the water cycling 保持水循环keep+宾语+doing sth 使…某人（某事）一直……I kept her waiting for 2 hours.
我让她等了两个小时。The old woman keeps on standing there still.
那老太太一直站在那里，一动也不动。Don't keep them working day and night. 不要让他们不分白天黑夜的工作。
keep 的其它用法：1）keep+ 宾语 + 形容词 / 副词。Please keep the door and window open. 请把门窗开着。2）keep+ 宾语 + 介词短语。Please keep your hands behind your back. 请把手放在背后。3）keep + 形容词 “保持某种状态You must look after yourself and keep healthy. 你一定要照顾自己，保持身体健康。
13．In danger 在危险中，有…的危险Your life is in danger. 你的生命正处在危险中。The old temple is in danger, for it will be covered by floods.
区别：dangerous是形容词,主语一般为人或动物.如：
He is a dangerous man.(他是个危险人物）
=The man is dangerous.
Bears are one of the dangerous animals.
(熊是危险的动物之一）=Bears are dangerous.
It is dangerous to go into a forest alone. The tiger is dangerous.
重要语法1．形容词比较级大多数形容词（和副词）有三级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。如：原级 比较级 最高级tall taller tallest
happy happier happiest
interesting more interesting most interesting
原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。规则变化(1)单音节词词尾加er,est构成比较级和最高级。tall → taller → tallest great → greater → greatest(2)以不发音的e结尾的单音节词只加-r,-st nice → nicer → nicest large → larger → largest able → abler → ablest (3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加er，est big → bigger → biggest hot → hotter → hottest red → redder → reddest(4)"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-est easy → easier → easiest busy → busier → busiest(5)以ly结尾的副词，除early-earlier-earliest，其他都是加more most.Slowly → more slowly → most slowly quickly → more quickly → most quickly(6)少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er，-est clever → cleverer → cleverest narrow → narrower → narrowest(7)其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级。如：important → more important → most important easily → more easily → most easily不规则变化　有一些词的比较级、最高级变化是不规则的，需要特殊记忆。如：good / well→ better→ best bad / ill/ badly→ worse → worst many / much → more→ most little → less → least far→ farther →farthest(表示距离) far→ further →furthest (表示程度)old→ older →oldest (表示新旧或年龄) old→ elder → eldest (表示长幼关系)
形容词比较级的用法当两个人或事物（A和B）进行比较时，需要用到形容词的原级或者比较级①表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构。格式:A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B…如：I am taller than you. 我比你高。②表达“A和B一样”，用as…as的结构。格式:A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as…+B如：I am as tall as you. 我和你一样高。③表达“A不如B”用not as/so…as的结构。格式: A+be(否定式)+as+形容词原级+as…+B 如：I am not as tall as you. 我没有你高。④ 在两者之间选择“哪一个更……”时，用句型“ Which /Who is +比较级, ... or... ”。如：Which sweater is cheaper, the red one or the yellow one ⑤ 表示“两者之间最…的一个”时，用“the + 比较级”。如：Lucy is the taller of the twins.⑥ 表示“越…，越…”时，用“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”。如：The more you eat, the fatter you will become.⑦ 表示“越来越…”时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”，或“more and more + （多音节词）形容词原级”。如：We should make our country more and more beautiful.⑧形容词比较级前可以用下列词修饰：much, a little, far, a bit, a few, a lot, even, still, rather等。如：It's much colder today than yesterday.⑨ 比较级前面可以加上具体数量, 表示具体“大多少”，“小多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。如：I am two years older than he. 我比他大两岁。This building is 20 meters higher than that one.这个建筑物比那个高20米。注意：1）且记，形容词比较级决不可用very、quite或so修饰。但可以用下列词修饰来表示程度。much(…得多)，far(……得多)，even(甚至，更)，
still(更)，a bit(有点)，a little(有点)，a lot(很)，a great deal(大大地), twice(两倍),
five times(五倍), two-fifths(五分之二), a half(一半)Tom is a little taller than Mike.
Tom比Mike稍高一点;It is even colder today than yesterday.
今天甚至比昨天更冷2）比较的对象不能相互包容，在同一范围内比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。如：Bob is in Class 1. He is taller than any other boy in his class.鲍勃是一班的，他比一班其他男孩都高Bob is in Class 1. He is taller than any boy in Class 2鲍勃是一班的，他比二班的任何一个男孩都高3) 表示“A不如B”时，除了用
“not..as/so…+形容词原级+as”结构，
也可用“less+形容词原级+than”结构。This book is not as interesting as that one= This book is less interesting than that one形容词最高级的用法①三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用形容词最高级形式。形容词最高级前通常需加定冠词the，句末常接in / of短语来表示范围。如：He is the strongest of all the boys.
汤姆是所有孩子中最强壮的。Tom is the tallest boy in our class.
汤姆是我们班中最高的男孩。注意：比较范围常用下面两种格式：of+复数名词（代词宾格）表示“在...之中”如：of the four of us of all in+范围、场所 如：in China in the world in our school②one of 短语后的形容词用最高级。
格式：“one of +the + 最高级”。如：The light bulb is one of the most helpful inventions.③序数词后的形容用最高级。如：The Yellow River is the second longest in China.黄河是中国的第二大河。This is the third largest building in this city.这是这个城市里第三大的建筑物。④形容词最高级前可以由物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，此时不用定冠词the。如：Yesterday is her happiest day in her life2．情态动词表推测情态动词中的must, can, could, may, might都可以表推测。其中must的可能性最大，can/could次之，may/might最小。具体用法如下：1.must 表示把握性很大的肯定推测，只用于肯定句。意思是“一定、准是”。如：He must be American.=It is certain that he is American.他准是个美国人。2）can`t 表示把握性很大的否定推测，意思是“一定不、肯定不”如：He must know my address.他肯定知道我的地址。（一定）He can`t know my address.他肯定不知道我的地址。（一定不）3）can 表示推测“可能性”时，往往用于疑问句。意思是“会、可能”。如：Can he know my address 他知道我的地址吗？（询问可能性）4）may, might表示推测“可能性”时，意思是“可能”、“也许”，语气没有must肯定。He may/might be American.=It is possible that he is American.他可能是个美国人。
重点句子
1. I’m thinking about life in the countryside.我在想农村的生活。2. People can enjoy the beauty of nature there.人们可以欣赏大自然的美。3. The countryside is much quieter than the city.农村比城市安静多了。4. The sheep on the farm are the nicest of all.农场上的羊是最好的。5. Which do you like better, plants or animals 你更喜欢植物还是动物？6. Roses are the nicest of all the flowers.玫瑰花是所有花中最好的。7. As we know, they are both important to us.正如我们所知，它们对我们都很重要。8. We must share the same world with them.我们必须和他们共享同一个世界。9. Rain forests cover 6% of the earth’s surface.热带雨林覆盖了地球表面的6%。10. We need rain forests for many reasons.我们需要雨林的原因很多。11. They play an important part in controlling the climate.它们在控制气候方面起着重要作用。12. The plants help to make the air fresher and cleaner. 植物有助于使空气更清新、更清洁。13. I like the fresh air and the bluer sky in the countryside.我喜欢乡下的新鲜空气和蔚蓝的天空。14. Why do you think so Because animals are our friends.你为什么这么想？因为动物是我们的朋友。15. Thousands and thousands of animals live in the rain forests.成千上万的动物生活在热带雨林中。16. Rain forests are very important to us. They are the lungs of the earth.雨林对我们来说非常重要。它们是地球的肺。17.They also help to hold the water when it rains and keep the water cycling.它们还能帮助保持下雨时的水，并保持水循环。18.Rain forests give us wood, food, fruit, medicine, and many more useful things.雨林给我们木材、食物、水果、药品和许多有用的东西。19.Pandas have less and less land to live on. They are becoming fewer in number.熊猫的生存地越来越少了。他们的数量越来越少了。20.They provide places to live for thousands of plants and animals found nowhere else on Earth.他们为地球上没有其他地方发现的成千上万的动植物提供了生存的地方。21. They are in danger because some people make their ocean home dirty.他们处于危险之中，因为有些人把他们的海洋弄脏了。

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