Unit 2 No Rules,No Order 知识清单- 2024-2025学年人教版(2024)七年级英语下册

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Unit 2 No Rules,No Order 知识清单- 2024-2025学年人教版(2024)七年级英语下册

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Unit 2 No Rules, No Order!
基础短语清单
be late for 迟到
on time 准时,按时
have to 必须;不得不
of course 当然,自然
turn off 关掉
jump the queue 不按次序排队,加塞
wait for 等待
be absent from缺席,不在
make sb’s/the bed 整理某人的床
hang out 闲逛
focus on 将(注意力)集中于...
need to do sth需要做某事
think about 思考;考虑
follow rules 遵守规则
be good for...对...有好处
raise one’s hand 举手
have fun玩得开心
answer my phone 接电话
bring to...带来
thanks for...因...感谢
put on穿上
make noise 制造噪音
wear the uniform穿校服
on weekdays 在工作日
知识点清单
No Rules, No order. 没有规矩,就没有秩序。
rule n.规则 v. 统治 follow rules 遵守规则 ruler n.尺子;统治者
order n.点菜;顺序,次序 v.点菜,命令
take one’s order 点菜 in order 有序地 order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事
Eg: You must make sure that all your personal documents are in order.
Don’t be late for school. Arrive on time.上学不要迟到,准时到达。
be late for 迟到,强调状态 同义短语:arrive late for 迟到 强调动作
arrive v.到达 不及物动词 近义词:get, reach
辨析:arrive/ get/ reach
arrive vi.到达 arrive at+小地方 arrive in+大地方
get vi. 到达 get to+地点
reach vt.到达 reach+地点
注意:当地点是:here/there/home/abroad/upstairs/downstairs 时,介词省略。
Eg: After school, I get/arrive/reach home at 6 o’clock.
Don’t use your phone in class. 上课不要用你的手机。
use v/n.使用 useful adj.有用的 useless adj.无用的
use sth to do...使用某物做... make use of...利用
Eg: It’s useful for us to learn English well.
in class 在课堂上 have class 上课
Be polite and treat everyone with respect. 礼貌待人,尊重他人。
polite adj.礼貌的 politely adv.礼貌地 反义词:impolite adj.不礼貌的=rude
be polite to sb 对某人礼貌的
Eg: Jenny is polite to everyone and we all like her.
treat v.对待;招待;治疗 treatment n.治疗
respect v/n. 尊敬;敬重 show respect for...表示对...的尊敬
Sally mustn’t wear her own jacket. She has to wear school the uniform.Sally 在学校禁止穿自己的夹克衫。她必须要穿校服。
must 情态动词,“必须”,不能单独作谓语,后必须加动词原形。其否定形式为mustn’t,“禁止,千万不要”。
注意:以must 开头的一般疑问句的否定回答不用mustn’t, 而用needn’t或者don’t / doesn’t have to, 意为“不必”。
Eg: --Mom, must I finish my homework tonight
-- No, you needn’t./No, you don’t have to. You can finish it tomorrow.
Be on time. Don’t be late for class. 准时,上课不要迟到。
on time 按时,准时
Eg: Remember to hand in your homework on time tomorrow.
拓展:time相关短语
in time 及时 at times有时 at the same time 同时
from time to time不时 all the time一直 have a good time玩得开心
Keep the rules and let’s have fun! 遵守规则,让我们玩得开心。
let v.让 let’s=let us 让我们 let sb do sth让某人做某事
have fun 玩得开心 相当于=have a good time=enjoy oneself
have fun doing sth做某事玩得开心
Eg: I had fun going shopping with my family yesterday.
Here, I can lend you my pen.来,我可以借给你我的钢笔。
lend--lent-lent v.借给 lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 借给某人某物
辨析:lend/borrow/keep
borrow v.借入 borrow sth from sb 向某人借某物 短暂性动作,不与一段时间连用
lend v.借出 短暂性动作,不能与一段时间连用
keep v.保存(借用一段时间) 常与一段时间连用
Eg: --My bike is broken. Could I borrow yours
-- Sure. You can keep it for two days.
We have to turn them off and put them in our lockers. 我们必须关掉手机,把它们放在储物柜里。
turn off 关闭 相当于switch off 当宾语为代词时,放在中间。
Eg: The baby is sleeping. Please turn off the television.
拓展:turn相关短语:
turn on 打开 turn down 调小;拒绝 turn up 调大;出现 turn...into 转变成...
Thanks for telling me, Anne. 谢谢你告诉我,安妮。
You’re welcome, Tom.不客气,汤姆。
Thank you for...意为“为...而感谢你(们)”,相当于thanks for...
for是介词,表示原因,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
You’re welcome “别客气,不用谢”,用于礼貌地回答别人的感谢。
拓展:常用的答语还有Not at all. /That’s OK. /That’s all right. / (It’s)my pleasure...
Section B
I have to make my bed before breakfast. 早餐前我必须整理床铺。
have to 必须;不得不 后接动词原形。
Eg: I have to brush my teeth twice a day.
make one’s bed 整理某人的床 make--made v.使,让
make sb+adj.使某人... make sb do sth使某人做某事
Eg: My best friend Sally always makes me laugh.
I have to hurry to school because I can’t be late for school. 我必须赶紧去学校因为我不能迟到。
hurry v/n. 匆忙;急忙 hurry to+地方 匆忙去某地 hurry to do sth匆忙做某事
in a hurry 匆忙地
Eg: I go to school in a hurry without having breakfast.
I can only play basketball after I practise the piano.我练习完钢琴后才能打篮球。
practise v.练习 practice n.练习 practise doing sth练习做某事
Eg: Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
play basketball 打篮球 play+球/棋类 play the+乐器类
Eg: My sister likes playing the piano while I like playing basketball.
They can help you to become a better person. 它们能帮助你成为一个更好的人。
help v/n.帮助 help sb with sth在某方面帮助某人 help sb (to) do sth帮助某人做某事
ask for help请求帮助
拓展:helpful adj.有帮助的 helpless adj.无助的
become--became--become v.开始变得,变成 better adj.更好的/地 good/well的比较级
person n.人 可数名词单数 a person 一个人 two persons 两个人
注意:people 人们(复数形式) 作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
Eg:There are many people on the central street.
people也可作名词单数,意为“民族,种族。”
You can’t use your phone in class because you need to focus on learning. 你不能在课堂上使用手机,因为你需要专注于学习。
need v/n.需要 既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。作情态动词时,其否定形式为:needn’t.
作实义动词时,其否定形式为:don’t/doesn’t need
need to do sth需要做某事 in need 有需要地
Eg: Everyone needs friends.
focus on...将(注意力)集中于...
Eg: In order to succeed, you need to focus on your goals.
You can relax after you finish your homework.
relax v.放松 relaxing adj.令人放松的(修饰物) relaxed adj.感到放松的(修饰人)
Eg: I like listening to music. Because music always makes me feel relaxed.
finish v.完成 finish doing sth 完成做某事
Eg: As soon as he finished eating, he left.
I know it can be difficult to follow many rules. 我知道遵守很多规则可能很困难。
difficult adj.困难的 It is difficult for sb to do sth.对某人来说做某事很困难
difficulty n.困难 have difficulty (in) doing sth做某事有困难
Eg: Many students have difficulty ( in )memorizing English words.
follow v.遵守;追随 following adj.接下来的 as follows 如下所示
Say “please” when you ask for help. 当你寻求帮助时,说“请”。
ask for help 请求帮助
ask v.问;要求 ask a question 问问题
ask sb(not)to do sth要求某人(不)做某事
Eg: My parents ask me to read books every day.
Don’t fight with your classmates.不要和你的同学打架。
fight--fought--fought v.打架;战斗
fight with sb 和某人打架 fight against sb 和某人作战 fight for...为...而斗争
Eg: My grandfather fought against the Fascists in Spain.
Nothing can be achieved without rules.没有规则什么也做不了。
achieve v.(努力)达到;完成;实现 achieve one’s dream 实现梦想
Eg: I believe I can achieve my dream as long as I work hard.
without prep. 不,没有 后接名词,代词或V-ing.
Eg: I prefer coffee without sugar.
语法清单
(一)祈使句
语法概述
祈使句表示请求、命令、警告、劝告、禁止等意思.祈使句一般以动词原形开头,通常省略主语you,句末用感叹号或句号,读时常用降调.
考向1祈使句的类型
类型 结构 例句
肯定形式 否定形式
Do型 实义动词原形+其他. Don't+实义动词原形+其他. Fetch me a chair!给我拿把椅子! Don't give up.不要放弃.
Be型 Be+形容词. Don't+ be +形容词. Be quick! 快点儿! Don't be shy.不要害羞.
Let 型 Let+宾语+动词原形+其他. Don't+ let+宾语+动词原形+其他. Let's go to school!咱们去上学吧!
Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他. Don't let him go not=Let him go out.不要让他出去.
No型 No+名词/动词-ing. No photos.禁止拍照. No smoking. 禁止吸烟.
其他 直接用名词、副词或用"名词+副词”等 Help!救命! Quickly!快点儿! Hands up!举起手来!
拓展:
(1)有时为了强调,可在句首加Do或将祈使句的主语表示出来.
Do let me go.务必让我去.
You be quiet! 你安静!
(2)为了使祈使句的语气委婉、客气,可以在句首或句末加please,当please用在句末时,常用逗号与其余部分隔开.
Come here, please.请到这儿来.
Please look after your pet.请照看你的宠物.
巧学妙记
祈使句的用法
祈使句表命令,还表请求或建议.
动词原形放句首,主语是you常省去.
Don't置前表否定,let否定有两种.
想要客气please, Do置开头强语气.
考向2祈使句的回答
祈使句通常表示将要发生的动作,所以回答时一般用will或won't.回答肯定形式的祈使句用will,回答否定形式的祈使句用won't.
-Please remember to bring your homework here tomorrow.请记得明天把你的家庭作业带到这儿来.
-OK,I will.好的,我会的.
-Don't be noisy in public. It's impolite, you know.不要在公共场合吵闹.你知道的,这是不礼貌的.
-Sorry, I won't.对不起,我不会了.
情态动词can/must/have to 的用法小结
can的用法
can是情态动词,意为"能;会",表示某人或某物具备的能力,还可用来提出请求,没有人称和数的变化,后面直接接动词原形。下面来看一下它的具体用法。
1. 表示有能力做某事,意为"能;会"。
I can speak English.我会讲英语。
He can play basketball.他会打篮球。[来
2. 表示许可,意为"可以"。
You can sit here.你可以坐在这儿。
3. 情态动词can表示推测,意为"可能",常用语否定句、疑问句中。
It can’t be a cat. It has a short tail. 它不可能是猫,它有一个短尾巴。
2. must的用法
(1)must表示主观义务,意思是"应该,必须",其否定式mustn’t意为"不应该,不准"。情态动词不能单独作谓语动词,必须和动词原形一起构成谓语。
We must get there before five o’clock. 我们必须在五点钟前赶到那儿。
You mustn’t break the rules. 你不要破坏规定。
He must have seen the film last night. 他昨天晚上肯定看了那场电影。
You must read a book before you watch TV. 在看电视前你必须读书。
对用must所提问题的否定回答,常用needn’t或don’t have to,意思为:不必。
Must I stay here after school 放学后我还得留在这儿吗?
No, you needn’t / don’t have to. 不了,没有必要。
(2)must表示推测,意思为:一定,必定(只用于肯定句中)。
He must be our headmaster. 他肯定是我们的校长。
(3)must用于否定句时,mustn’t意为"不允许,禁止",而不表示"不必"。
You mustn’t be late for school. 你千万不要上学迟到。
(4)以must开头的一般疑问句,若作否定回答,可以用needn’t或don’t have to,不用mustn’t。
—Must I clean all the rooms 我必须打扫所有的房间吗?
—No, you needn’t/don’t have to. 不,你不必。
3. have to表示客观要求,意思为:不得不;必须;除此之外,别无选择。使用have to应注意以下几点:
(1)have to后接动词原形,意为"必须做……;不得不做……"。
We have no food home, you have to go and get some, Tom. 家里没有食物了,汤姆你得去买一些来。
(2)have to 有人称、数和时态的变化,其第三人称单数形式为has to。
She has to help her mom make dinner. 她不得不帮她妈妈做晚饭。
There’s no bus here, so we had to walk home. 现在这里没有汽车了,我们只好走路回家了。
(3)含有have to, has to的句子需分别借助动词do, does构成疑问句或否定句。
Do they have to go now 他们得现在回家吗?
You don’t have to go if you don’t want to. 如果你不想去,你就不必去。
辨析:have to可以用于多种时态;而must只用于一般现在时或一般将来时。
The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night. 作文今天早晨到期,因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。

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