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语法十一　主谓一致
第2部分　语法专题探究
考点精讲
试题精练
语法十一　主谓一致
第2部分　语法专题探究
考点精讲
主谓一致指句子的主语和谓语在数上保持一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则，即语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。
1. 语法一致
谓语动词与主语在人称和数上要保持一致，即主语是单数概念，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。
主语 谓语动词 例子
动词不定式或动名词 单数形式 Running ①______ my favorite sport. 跑步是我最喜欢的运动。
is　
主语 谓语动词 例子
and and连接的两个词指同一个人或物时 单数形式 The writer and doctor ②___________ come. 这位作家兼医生已经来了。
由and或both… and…连接的并列主语 复数形式 Both teachers and students ③______ playing sports on the playground. 老师和学生都在操场上做运动。
has　
are　
主语 谓语动词 例子
a number of＋复数名词，表示“许多” 复数形式 A number of visitors ④______visiting the West Lake and the number of the visitors ⑤_______ increasing. 许多游客正在参观西湖，而且游客的数量正在增加。
the number of＋复数名词，表示“……的数量” 单数形式
are　
is　
主语 谓语动词 例子
(1)each/every＋单数名词 (2)either/neither/each/one of＋复数名词 (3)由some-， any-， no-， every-构成的复合不定代词 单数形式 One of the oldest stores in the small town ⑥_______ been here for over twenty years. 小镇上最古老的商店之一已经在这里开了二十多年了。
(1)some of/most of/a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of＋名词 (2)分数/百分数＋of＋名词 与of后的名词在数上保持一致 A quarter of the workers ⑦_________from Guangxi. 四分之一的工人来自广西。
has　
come/are　
主语 谓语动词 例子
主语后跟with, along with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, besides, including等词时 与前面的主语的人称和数保持一致 Now all the students except Tom ⑧______ in the class, because Tom as well as his parents ⑨____ on vacation.
现在除了汤姆，所有的学生都在班上，因为汤姆和他的父母在度假。
are　
is　
2. 意义一致
谓语动词的数必须和主语的单复数意义保持一致。
主语 谓语动词 例子
表示时间、重量、长度、价格、数学运算等概念的词或短语 单数形式 Three years ⑩____________ passed since you left. 距你离开已过去三年了。
the＋姓氏名词的复数，表示“……一家；……夫妇” 复数形式 The Greens _____________ traveling in China. 格林夫妇喜欢在中国旅行。
has　
enjoy/like/love　
主语 谓语动词 例子
the＋某些形容词，表示一类人 复数形式 Nowadays, the young _______ working hard to get a better life. 如今，年轻人正为了更好的生活而努力工作。
集体名词 people, police等 复数形式 The police ________ worried about the safety of the boy. 警方担心那个男孩的安全。
are　
are　
主语 谓语动词 例子
集体名词 family, class, team, group, public等 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指集体的成员，谓语动词用复数形式 Nick’s family ________ a big one. Listen! The family
_____ singing. 尼克的家庭是个大家庭。听！一家人正在唱歌。
is　
are　
3. 就近一致
谓语动词的单复数形式与并列主语中最靠近它的那个主语的人称和数保持一致。遵循此原则的有there be句型， not only… but (also)…， neither… nor…， either… or…以及or连接的并列主语等。
There ____________ some food and two bottles of water in the box. 箱子里有一些食物和两瓶水。
Neither you nor he knows how to use the computer. 你和他都不知道怎么使用这台电脑。
Not only Tony but also I enjoy watching TV. 不仅托尼喜欢看电视，我也喜欢。
is　
试题精练
单项选择
1. One of his childhood dreams ________ to travel around the world.
A．is B．are　 C．was
2. Not only she but also I ________ hanging out in the shopping mall.
A．like B．likes　 C．liked
3. Everyone in our class ________ an English storybook. We all like stories.
A．have B．has　 C．had
4. Neither Lily nor her parents ________ outdoors when the rainstorm came.
A．be B．was　 C．were
5. Both Sandy and Laura ________ interested in cooking. They often learn to cook together.
A．get B．gets　 C．is getting
6. The Martins ________ planning to see a film because Mrs. Martin’s birthday is coming.
A．be B．is　 C．are
7. It’s said that the old ________ colder than the young in winter.
A．feel B．feels　 C．felt
8. Ten months ________ a long time, but it’s enough for us to build a bridge.
A．isn’t B．aren’t　 C．wasn’t
9. It’s 1:30 pm now. Most of our class ________sleeping.
A．is B．are　 C．was
10. (2024绥化)In China, a number of birthday persons ________ cakes with candles. The number of candles ________ the person’s age.
A．eats; is B．eats; are　 C．eat; is
11. My aunt and uncle always ________ a walk in the park in the morning.
A．takes B．take　 C．are taking
12. (2024牡丹江)Having good manners ________ necessary when you visit a foreign country.
A．are B．is　 C．was
13. Helen with her mother often ________ hills on Sundays. This is their favorite way to exercise.
A．climbs B．climb　 C．climbed
14. I plan to travel to America next month, and I think 2,000 dollars ________ enough.
A．is B．was　 C．are
15. Nowadays, many people ________ their bikes to work because it’s good for protecting the environment.
A．ride B．rides C．have ridden
16. Look! Each student ________ an English book in the hand. They are reading English.
A．are having B．have C．is having
17. A survey on the children shows that more than 75 percent of them ________ not interested in science books.
A．is B．are　 C．were
18. —Could you go shopping with me this afternoon
—Neither Lucy or I ________ going shopping with you. Because we have to do housework at home.
A．am B．is　 C．are
19. (2024长春改编)—There ________ many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best
—On the Stork Tower by Wang Zhihuan.
A．are B．is　 C．has
20. —Mandy along with her classmates often ________ to the park to pick up rubbish on the weekend.
—What good kids they are!
A．go B．goes　 C．went

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