Unit 7 Role models of our time 单词讲练 2024-2025学年沪教版(2024)七年级英语下册

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Unit 7 Role models of our time 单词讲练 2024-2025学年沪教版(2024)七年级英语下册

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沪教牛津版新七下单词精讲精练U7
contribution 音标:[ k ntr bju n]
词性词义:n.(名词)贡献;捐款;捐赠;稿件
词性转换:contributive(形容词,贡献的;有助于…… 的;起作用的),contributor(名词,贡献者;投稿者;捐赠者)
短语搭配:make a contribution to(为…… 做贡献),contribution to society(对社会的贡献),financial contribution(财政捐款)
例句
Everyone can make a contribution to protecting the environment.(每个人都可以为保护环境做出贡献。)
His contribution to the project was very important.(他对这个项目的贡献非常重要。)
即学即练:
选择题:Thomas Edison made great ____ to the world with his inventions. A. contributions B. mistakes C. changes (答案:A。解析:爱迪生通过他的发明为世界做出了巨大贡献,“make contributions to” 是固定搭配,符合语境,“mistakes” 是错误,“changes” 是改变,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:She has made a significant ____ (contribution) to the development of our school. (答案:contribution。解析:“make a...” 后接可数名词单数,此处用 “contribution” 表示她为我们学校的发展做出了重大贡献,所以填 “contribution”。)
achieve 音标:[ t i v]
词性词义:v.(动词)达到;实现;完成;获得成功
词性转换:achievement(名词,成就;成绩;完成;达到),achievable(形容词,可达到的;可完成的;可实现的),achiever(名词,取得成就的人;获得成功的人)
短语搭配:achieve one's goal(实现某人的目标),achieve success(获得成功),achieve a balance(达到平衡)
例句
You can achieve your dream if you work hard.(如果你努力工作,你就能实现你的梦想。)
He achieved good grades in the exam through hard study.(他通过刻苦学习在考试中取得了好成绩。)
即学即练:
选择题:She finally ____ her ambition to become a famous singer. A. achieved B. lost C. gave up (答案:A。解析:她最终实现了成为著名歌手的抱负,“achieve” 符合语境,“lost” 是失去,“gave up” 是放弃,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:We should try our best to ____ (achieve) our goals in life. (答案:achieve。解析:“try one's best to do sth.” 表示尽力做某事,此处用动词原形 “achieve”,表示我们应该尽力实现人生目标,所以填 “achieve”。)
approval 音标:[ pru vl]
词性词义:n.(名词)批准;认可;赞成;同意
词性转换:approve(动词,批准;认可;赞成;同意),disapproval(名词,不赞成;反对;不同意),approving(形容词,赞成的;认可的;满意的)
短语搭配:win approval(获得认可;赢得赞同),with approval(赞成地;认可地)
例句
He got his parents' approval to go on the trip.(他得到了父母的批准去旅行。)
The plan won wide approval among the members.(这个计划在成员中赢得了广泛认可。)
即学即练:
选择题:The new project needs the ____ of the boss before it can start. A. approval B. advice C. attention (答案:A。解析:新项目在启动前需要老板的批准,“approval” 符合语境,“advice” 是建议,“attention” 是注意,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:They are waiting for the final ____ (approval) of the plan. (答案:approval。解析:“the” 后接名词,此处用 “approval” 表示他们正在等待计划的最终批准,所以填 “approval”。)
award 音标:[ w d]
词性词义:n.(名词)奖;奖品;奖金;奖状;v.(动词)授予;给予;判给
词性转换:awardee(名词,获奖者;受奖者),awarding(名词,颁奖;授奖;动词 award 的现在分词)
短语搭配:win an award(获奖),receive an award(领奖),award ceremony(颁奖典礼),give an award(颁奖)
例句
He won the first award in the painting competition.(他在绘画比赛中获得了一等奖。)(award 作名词)
The school awarded him a scholarship for his excellent grades.(学校因他优异的成绩授予他一份奖学金。)(award 作动词)
即学即练:
选择题:She was very happy to ____ a special ____ for her hard work. A. receive, award B. accept, prize C. get, gift (答案:A。解析:因努力工作而收到一份特别的奖,用 “receive an award” 符合语境,“accept” 侧重主观接受,“prize” 更侧重竞赛获胜得到的奖品,“gift” 是礼物,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:The famous actor has won many ____ (award) in his career. (答案:awards。解析:“many” 后接可数名词复数,“award” 的复数形式是 “awards”,表示这位著名演员在他的职业生涯中获得了很多奖项,所以填 “awards”。)
eager 音标:[ i ɡ (r)]
词性词义:adj.(形容词)渴望的;热切的;热心的
词性转换:eagerly(副词,渴望地;热切地;急切地),eagerness(名词,渴望;热切;热心)
短语搭配:be eager for(渴望……),be eager to do sth.(渴望做某事)
例句
He is eager for knowledge and reads a lot of books.(他渴望知识,读了很多书。)
She is eager to learn how to play the piano.(她渴望学习如何弹钢琴。)
即学即练:
选择题:The students are ____ to have a picnic in the park. A. eager B. afraid C. bored (答案:A。解析:学生们渴望在公园野餐,“be eager to do sth.” 符合语境,“afraid” 是害怕的,“bored” 是无聊的,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:They showed great ____ (eager) to join the club. (答案:eagerness。解析:“great” 后接名词,此处用 “eagerness” 表示他们表现出极大的渴望加入俱乐部,所以填 “eagerness”。)
education 音标:[ ed u ke n]
词性词义:n.(名词)教育;培养;教育学
词性转换:educational(形容词,教育的;有教育意义的;有关教育的),educate(动词,教育;培养;训练),educator(名词,教育工作者;教育家;教师)
短语搭配:higher education(高等教育),basic education(基础教育)
例句
Education is very important for a person's growth.(教育对一个人的成长非常重要。)
She is studying education at university.(她在大学里学习教育学。)
即学即练:
选择题:We should focus on improving the quality of ____. A. entertainment B. education C. environment (答案:B。解析:我们应该着重提高教育质量,“education” 符合语境,“entertainment” 是娱乐,“environment” 是环境,都不符合表意,所以选 B。)
填空题:The new ____ (educate) policy has brought many changes.(答案:educational。解析:此处用形容词 “educational” 修饰名词 “policy”,表示新的教育政策带来了很多变化,所以填 “educational”。)
engineering 音标:[ end n r ]
词性词义:n.(名词)工程学;工程;工程师行业
词性转换:engineer(名词,工程师;技师;vt. 设计;策划;安排)
短语搭配:civil engineering(土木工程),mechanical engineering(机械工程),study engineering(学习工程学),engineering project(工程项目)
例句
His major is engineering at college.(他在大学的专业是工程学。)
They are working on a big engineering project.(他们正在从事一个大型工程项目。)
即学即练:
选择题:Many students choose to study ____ because it has good job prospects. A. art B. engineering C. history (答案:B。解析:很多学生选择学习工程学是因为它有好的就业前景,“engineering” 符合语境,“art” 是艺术,“history” 是历史,都不符合表意,所以选 B。)
填空题:The ____ (engineer) designed a new bridge for the city. (答案:engineer。解析:“The” 后接名词,此处用 “engineer” 表示这位工程师为这座城市设计了一座新桥,所以填 “engineer”。)
found 音标:[fa nd]
词性词义:v.(动词)建立;创立;创办;创建;使有根据;使有基础
词性转换:foundation(名词,基础;地基;基金会;创立;创办),founder(名词,创立者;创办人;奠基者;vt. 破坏;使摔倒;使沉没)
短语搭配:found a company(创办一家公司),found a school(创办一所学校)
例句
Steve Jobs founded Apple Company.(史蒂夫 乔布斯创立了苹果公司。)
The theory is founded on a lot of experiments.(这个理论建立在大量实验的基础上。)
即学即练:
选择题:They decided to ____ a new club for students who love reading. find B. found C. look for (答案:B。解析:决定创办一个新的俱乐部用 “found”,“find” 侧重找到,“look for” 侧重寻找的过程,都不符合表意,所以选 B。)
填空题:The city was ____ (found) hundreds of years ago. (答案:founded。解析:“was founded” 是一般过去时的被动语态,表示被建立,此处说明这座城市是几百年前建立的,所以填 “founded”。)
hero 音标:[ h r ]
词性词义:n.(名词)英雄;男主角;男主人公
词性转换:heroic(形容词,英雄的;英勇的;崇高的)
短语搭配:national hero(民族英雄),become a hero(成为英雄)
例句
Liu Hulan is a hero in our hearts.(刘胡兰是我们心中的英雄。)
The hero of the story saved the princess.(故事里的男主角救了公主。)
即学即练:
选择题:People always ____ those who have made great contributions to the country. A. forget B. look down on C. look up to (答案:C。解析:人们总是敬仰那些为国家做出巨大贡献的人,“look up to” 符合语境,“forget” 是忘记,“look down on” 是看不起,都不符合表意,所以选 C。)
填空题:The little boy wants to be a ____ (hero) when he grows up.(答案:hero。解析:“a” 后接可数名词单数,此处用 “hero” 表示小男孩长大后想成为一名英雄,所以填 “hero”。)
honour 音标:[ n (r)]
词性词义:n.(名词)荣誉;光荣;尊敬;敬意;v.(动词)尊敬;尊重;给…… 以荣誉;向…… 表示敬意
词性转换:honourable(形容词,荣誉的;光荣的;可敬的;高尚的)
短语搭配:in honour of(为了纪念……;向…… 表示敬意),win honour(赢得荣誉),show honour to(向…… 表示敬意),have the honour to do sth.(有幸做某事)
例句
It's an honour to be invited to speak here.(很荣幸被邀请在这里发言。)(honour 作名词)
We should honour our parents and teachers.(我们应该尊敬我们的父母和老师。)(honour 作动词)
即学即练:
选择题:The school held a ceremony ____ the famous scientist. A. in honour of B. instead of C. because of (答案:A。解析:学校举行仪式是为了纪念这位著名科学家,“in honour of” 符合语境,“instead of” 是代替,“because of” 是因为,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:He was ____ (honour) for his bravery. (答案:honoured。解析:“was honoured” 是一般过去时的被动语态,表示被给予荣誉,此处说明他因勇敢而被给予荣誉,所以填 “honoured”。)
mission 音标:[ m n]
词性词义:n.(名词)使命;任务;代表团;使团
短语搭配:complete a mission(完成一项任务),carry out a mission(执行一项任务)
例句
Our mission is to protect the environment.(我们的使命是保护环境。)
The astronauts went on a space mission.(宇航员们执行了一次太空任务。)
即学即练:
选择题:The soldiers were sent to the front line to ____ an important ____. A. do, job B. complete, mission C. finish, task (答案:B。解析:士兵被派往前线去完成一项重要任务,“complete a mission” 是常用搭配,表意更符合语境,“do a job” 和 “finish a task” 相对来说没有这么贴合军事任务相关表述,所以选 B。)
填空题:The rescue team's ____ (mission) is to save the trapped people. (答案:mission。解析:“The” 后接名词,此处用 “mission” 表示救援队的使命是解救被困人员,所以填 “mission”。)
pioneer 音标:[ pa n (r)]
词性词义:n.(名词)先驱;先锋;开拓者;创始人;v.(动词)开辟;开创;倡导
词性转换:pioneering(形容词,开创性的;先驱的;先锋的)
短语搭配:a pioneer in(在…… 方面的先驱),pioneer work(开创性工作)
例句
Edison was a pioneer in the invention of electric lights.(爱迪生是电灯发明方面的先驱。)(pioneer 作名词)
They pioneered a new way of teaching.(他们开创了一种新的教学方式。)(pioneer 作动词)
即学即练:
选择题:Yuan Longping is a ____ in the field of hybrid rice. A. leader B. pioneer C. follower (答案:B。解析:袁隆平是杂交水稻领域的先驱,“pioneer” 符合语境,“leader” 是领导者,“follower” 是追随者,都不符合表意,所以选 B。)
填空题:The scientists are trying to ____ (pioneer) new methods for treating diseases. (答案:pioneer。解析:“try to do sth.” 表示试图做某事,此处用动词原形 “pioneer”,表示科学家们正试图开创治疗疾病的新方法,所以填 “pioneer”。)
praise 音标:[pre z]
词性词义:n.(名词)赞扬;表扬;称赞;赞美;v.(动词)赞扬;表扬;称赞;赞美
词性转换:praising(名词,赞扬;表扬;动词 praise 的现在分词)
短语搭配:give praise to(赞扬……;表扬……),sing high praise for(高度赞扬……)
例句
His good deeds won praise from everyone.(他的好行为赢得了大家的赞扬。)(praise 作名词)
Teachers often praise students for their hard work.(老师们经常因学生们努力学习而表扬他们。)(praise 作动词)
即学即练:
选择题:We should ____ those who help others selflessly. A. praise B. blame C. ignore (答案:A。解析:我们应该赞扬那些无私帮助他人的人,“praise” 符合语境,“blame” 是责备,“ignore” 是忽视,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:She received a lot of ____ (praise) for her excellent performance. (答案:praise。解析:“a lot of” 后可接不可数名词或可数名词复数,“praise” 作名词时是不可数的,此处表示她因出色表现获得了很多赞扬,所以填 “praise”。)
public 音标:[ p bl k]
词性词义:n.(名词)公众;民众;大众;adj.(形容词)公众的;公共的;公开的;公立的
词性转换:publicly(副词,公开地;公然地;当众地)
短语搭配:in public(公开地;当众),the public(公众;民众),public service(公共服务),public transport(公共交通)
例句
The park is open to the public.(这个公园对公众开放。)(public 作名词)
We should pay attention to public health.(我们应该关注公共卫生。)(public 作形容词)
即学即练:
选择题:It's impolite to smoke ____. A. in public B. in private C. at home (答案:A。解析:在公众场合吸烟是不礼貌的,“in public” 符合语境,“in private” 是私下地,“at home” 是在家,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:The news was made ____ (public) yesterday. (答案:public。解析:“make + 宾语 + 形容词” 表示使某物处于某种状态,此处用形容词 “public”,表示消息昨天被公开了,所以填 “public”。)
raise 音标:[re z]
词性词义:v.(动词)举起;提高;筹集;养育;饲养;唤起;提出;n.(名词)加薪;提高
短语搭配:raise one's hand(举手),raise money(筹集资金),raise children(养育孩子),raise questions(提出问题)
例句
Please raise your hand if you have any questions.(如果你们有任何问题,请举手。)
They are raising money for the poor children.(他们正在为贫困儿童筹集资金。)
即学即练:
选择题:We decided to ____ some money for the school library. A. raise B. rise C. arise (答案:A。解析:“raise money” 是固定短语,表示筹集资金,“rise” 常指物体上升等,“arise” 侧重问题等出现,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:The company gave him a ____ (raise) because of his good performance. (答案:raise。解析:“a” 后接可数名词单数,此处用 “raise” 作名词,表示因为他表现好公司给他加薪了,所以填 “raise”。)
receive 音标:[r si v]
词性词义:v.(动词)收到;接到;接待;接纳;受到;遭受
词性转换:receiver(名词,接收者;收件人;接收器),receipt(名词,收据;收条;收到)
短语搭配:receive a letter(收到一封信),receive a gift(收到一份礼物),receive guests(接待客人),receive education(接受教育)
例句
I received a birthday present from my friend.(我收到了朋友送的生日礼物。)
Our school received many visitors last week.(我们学校上周接待了很多参观者。)
即学即练:
选择题:She was very happy to ____ an award for her hard work. A. receive B. accept C. take (答案:A。解析:“receive” 侧重客观收到,此处表示因努力工作收到一个奖项,符合语境,“accept” 侧重主观接受,“take” 有拿取等多种意思,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:He ____ (receive) a warm welcome when he arrived at the new place. (答案:received。解析:描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,“receive” 的过去式是 “received”,所以填 “received”。)
research 音标:[r s t ]
词性词义:n.(名词)研究;调查;探讨;v.(动词)研究;调查;探究
词性转换:researcher(名词,研究者;研究员)
短语搭配:do research(做研究;进行调查),research on(对…… 进行研究),scientific research(科学研究),market research(市场调查)
例句
They are doing research on the new medicine.(他们正在对这种新药进行研究。)(research 作动词)
His research on animals is very interesting.(他对动物的研究很有意思。)(research 作名词)
即学即练:
选择题:Many scientists ____ how to protect the environment. A. research B. search C. look for (答案:A。解析:科学家们研究如何保护环境,“research” 符合语境,“search” 侧重搜寻具体的东西,“look for” 侧重寻找的过程,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:The ____ (research) spent years studying this problem. (答案:researcher。解析:“The” 后接名词,此处用 “researcher” 表示这位研究者花费数年研究这个问题,所以填 “researcher”。)
spend 音标:[spend]
词性词义:v.(动词)花费;度过;消耗
词性转换:spending(名词,开销;花费;动词 spend 的现在分词),spent(形容词,用过已废的;失效的;耗尽的)
短语搭配:spend time(花时间),spend money(花钱),spend...on(在…… 上花费……),spend...(in) doing sth.(花费…… 做某事)
例句
He spends a lot of time reading books.(他花很多时间读书。)
She spent 100 yuan on the dress.(她花 100 元买了这条裙子。)
即学即练:
选择题:I ____ two hours ____ my homework every day. A. take, to do B. spend, on C. cost, doing (答案:B。解析:“spend...on sth.” 或 “spend...(in) doing sth.” 表示花费时间或金钱做某事,符合此处花两小时做家庭作业的语境,“take” 的常用结构是 “It takes sb. some time to do sth.”,“cost” 的主语通常是物,都不符合表意,所以选 B。)
填空题:They ____ (spend) a wonderful weekend in the countryside. (答案:spent。解析:描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,“spend” 的过去式是 “spent”,所以填 “spent”。)
technology 音标:[tek n l d i]
词性词义:n.(名词)技术;工艺;科技;工程技术
词性转换:technological(形容词,技术的;工艺的;科技的)
短语搭配:information technology(信息技术),high technology(高科技),science and technology(科学与技术),use technology(使用技术)
例句
Technology has changed our life a lot.(技术已经极大地改变了我们的生活。)
We should learn new technology to keep up with the times.(我们应该学习新技术以跟上时代步伐。)
即学即练:
选择题:____ plays an important role in modern society. A. Tradition B. Technology C. History (答案:B。解析:技术在现代社会起着重要作用,“Technology” 符合语境,“Tradition” 是传统,“History” 是历史,都不符合表意,所以选 B。)
填空题:The new ____ (technology) makes production more efficient. (答案:technology。解析:“The” 后接名词,此处用 “technology” 表示这种新技术使生产更高效了,所以填 “technology”。)
well - respected 音标:[wel r spekt d]
词性词义:adj.(形容词)备受尊敬的;很受尊重的
短语搭配:a well - respected person(一位备受尊敬的人)
例句
My grandfather is a well - respected teacher in our town.(我的祖父在我们镇上是一位备受尊敬的老师。)
She is well - respected for her kindness and wisdom.(她因善良和智慧而备受尊敬。)
即学即练:
选择题:The old scientist is ____ by everyone in the field. A. well - liked B. well - respected C. well - known (答案:B。解析:老科学家在这个领域受到每个人的尊敬,“well - respected” 符合语境,“well - liked” 是很受欢迎的,“well - known” 是出名的,都不符合表意,所以选 B。)
填空题:He is a ____ (备受尊敬的) leader in the company.(答案:well - respected。解析:此处用 “well - respected” 修饰名词 “leader”,表示他是公司里一位备受尊敬的领导,所以填 “well - respected”。)
female 音标:[ fi me l]
词性词义:n.(名词)女性;雌性动物;adj.(形容词)女性的;雌性的;女(性)的
短语搭配:female students(女学生),female singer(女歌手)
例句
There are more female students than male students in our class.(我们班女学生比男学生多。)(female 作形容词)
The female of the species is usually smaller.(这个物种的雌性通常体型更小。)(female 作名词)
即学即练:
选择题:The ____ doctor is very kind to her patients. A. female B. male C. young (答案:A。解析:女医生对她的病人很和蔼,“female” 符合语境,“male” 是男性的,“young” 是年轻的,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:She is a ____ (女性) athlete with great strength. (答案:female。解析:此处用 “female” 修饰名词 “athlete”,表示她是一名很有力量的女运动员,所以填 “female”。)
society 音标:[s sa ti]
词性词义:n.(名词)社会;社团;协会;社交界;上流社会
词性转换:social(形容词,社会的;社交的;群居的)
短语搭配:human society(人类社会),modern society(现代社会),join a society(加入社团),in society(在社会上;在社交界)
例句
We should make contributions to the development of society.(我们应该为社会的发展做出贡献。)
He joined a music society last year.(他去年加入了一个音乐社团。)
即学即练:
选择题:In modern ____, we need to communicate with others well. A. school B. family C. society (答案:C。解析:在现代社会我们需要与他人良好沟通,“society” 符合语境,“school” 是学校,“family” 是家庭,都不符合表意,所以选 C。)
填空题:The ____ (society) here is very harmonious. (答案:society。解析:“The” 后接名词,此处用 “society” 表示这里的社会很和谐,所以填 “society”。)
admire 音标:[ d ma (r)]
词性词义:v.(动词)钦佩;赞赏;羡慕;欣赏
词性转换:admirer(名词,钦佩者;赞赏者;追求者),admiring(形容词,赞赏的;钦佩的;羡慕的),admiration(名词,钦佩;赞赏;羡慕;赞美)
短语搭配:admire sb. for sth.(因某事钦佩某人),admire the beauty(欣赏美景)
例句
We all admire him for his courage.(我们都因他的勇气而钦佩他。)
She admires the beautiful flowers in the garden.(她欣赏花园里美丽的花朵。)
即学即练:
选择题:People ____ those who work hard to achieve their dreams. A. envy B. admire C. hate (答案:B。解析:人们钦佩那些努力实现梦想的人,“admire” 符合语境,“envy” 侧重羡慕且有时带有嫉妒意味,“hate” 是讨厌,都不符合表意,所以选 B。)
填空题:I have great ____ (admire) for my teacher's knowledge. (答案:admiration。解析:“have admiration for...” 是固定短语,表示对…… 钦佩,此处用名词 “admiration”,表示我对老师的学识非常钦佩,所以填 “admiration”。)
feed 音标:[fi d]
词性词义:v.(动词)喂养;饲养;养活;供给;提供;n.(名词)饲料;一餐
短语搭配:feed on(以…… 为食),feed...to(把…… 喂给……),feed the animals(喂动物),be fed up with(对…… 厌烦)
例句
She feeds her dog every morning.(她每天早上喂她的狗。)
We feed the chickens with corn.(我们用玉米喂鸡。)
即学即练:
选择题:Cows ____ grass. A. feed on B. live on C. depend on (答案:A。解析:奶牛以草为食,“feed on” 符合语境,“live on” 侧重靠…… 生活,“depend on” 侧重依赖,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:The mother bird is looking for food to ____ (feed) her babies. (答案:feed。解析:“to” 后接动词原形,构成不定式,此处用 “feed” 表示鸟妈妈正在找食物喂她的幼鸟,所以填 “feed”。)
inspire 音标:[ n spa (r)]
词性词义:v.(动词)鼓舞;激励;启发;激起;唤起
词性转换:inspiration(名词,灵感;鼓舞;启发;吸气),inspiring(形容词,鼓舞人心的;启发灵感的;激励的),inspired(形容词,受鼓舞的;有灵感的;得到启发的)
短语搭配:inspire sb. to do sth.(激励某人做某事),draw inspiration from(从…… 中汲取灵感),be inspired by(受…… 的鼓舞)
例句
His words inspired me to study harder.(他的话激励我更努力地学习。)
The beautiful painting inspired her to create her own works.(这幅美丽的画启发她创作自己的作品。)
即学即练:
选择题:The hero's deeds ____ many people to help others. A. inspired B. stopped C. confused (答案:A。解析:英雄的事迹激励很多人去帮助他人,“inspired” 符合语境,“stopped” 是阻止,“confused” 是使困惑,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:The speech ____ (inspire) us a lot and we decided to work hard for our dreams. (答案:inspired。解析:句子描述过去发生的事情对我们产生的影响,用一般过去时,“inspire” 的过去式是 “inspired”,所以填 “inspired”。)
regular 音标:[ reɡj l (r)]
词性词义:adj.(形容词)有规律的;定期的;常规的;经常的;整齐的;规则的
词性转换:regularly(副词,有规律地;定期地;经常;整齐地)
短语搭配:regular exercise(定期锻炼),regular customer(常客),keep regular hours(生活有规律)
例句
He has a regular job and goes to work on time every day.(他有一份常规工作,每天按时上班。)
Taking regular exercise is good for your health.(定期锻炼对你的健康有好处。)
即学即练:
选择题:We should have ____ meals to keep healthy. A. regular B. random C. special (答案:A。解析:我们应该有规律地吃饭来保持健康,“regular” 符合语境,“random” 是随意的,“special” 是特别的,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:She visits her grandparents ____ (regular). (答案:regularly。解析:此处用副词 “regularly” 修饰动词 “visits”,表示她定期去看望祖父母,所以填 “regularly”。)
brave 音标:[bre v]
词性词义:adj.(形容词)勇敢的;无畏的;需要勇气的;华丽的
词性转换:bravely(副词,勇敢地;无畏地;华丽地),bravery(名词,勇敢;勇气;无畏精神),braveness(名词,勇敢;勇气;刚毅)
短语搭配:be brave to do sth.(勇敢地做某事),a brave man(勇敢的人)
例句
He is a brave boy and isn't afraid of difficulties.(他是个勇敢的男孩,不怕困难。)
The soldiers fought bravely in the battle.(士兵们在战斗中勇敢地作战。)
即学即练:
选择题:The fireman was very ____ when he saved the people from the fire. A. brave B. shy C. lazy (答案:A。解析:消防员从火中救人时是很勇敢的,“brave” 符合语境,“shy” 是害羞的,“lazy” 是懒惰的,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:His ____ (brave) in the accident was praised by everyone. (答案:bravery。解析:“His” 后接名词,此处用 “bravery” 表示他在事故中的勇敢受到了大家的赞扬,所以填 “bravery”。)
otherwise 音标:[ wa z]
词性词义:adv.(副词)否则;不然;除此以外;在其他方面;以另外方式;conj.(连词)否则;不然
例句
You should study hard, otherwise you will fail the exam.(你应该努力学习,否则你会考试不及格。)(otherwise 作副词)
Put on your coat, otherwise you'll catch a cold.(穿上你的外套,不然你会感冒的。)(otherwise 作连词)
即学即练:
选择题:Hurry up, ____ we'll be late for school. A. and B. or C. otherwise (答案:C。解析:快点,不然我们上学就迟到了,“otherwise” 符合语境,“and” 表示并列等,“or” 表示选择等,此处用 “otherwise” 表意更准确,所以选 C。)
填空题:You must follow the rules, ____ (otherwise) you will be punished. (答案:otherwise。解析:此处用 “otherwise” 表示否则、不然,符合句子逻辑,所以填 “otherwise”。)
proud 音标:[pra d]
词性词义:adj.(形容词)自豪的;骄傲的;得意的;自尊的;壮观的
词性转换:pride(名词,自豪;骄傲;自尊心;vt. 以…… 自豪)
短语搭配:be proud of(为…… 感到骄傲;为…… 自豪),take pride in(以…… 为傲;对…… 感到自豪)
例句
My parents are proud of my good grades.(我的父母为我的好成绩感到骄傲。)
He is proud to be a member of the team.(他为成为这个团队的一员而自豪。)
即学即练:
选择题:We should ____ our country's achievements. A. be proud of B. be ashamed of C. be tired of (答案:A。解析:我们应该为我们国家的成就感到骄傲,“be proud of” 符合语境,“be ashamed of” 是为…… 感到羞耻,“be tired of” 是对…… 感到厌烦,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:She walked ____ (proud) on the stage after winning the prize. (答案:proudly。解析:此处用副词 “proudly” 修饰动词 “walked”,表示她获奖后骄傲地走上舞台,所以填 “proudly”。)
smokejumper 音标:[ sm k d mp (r)]
词性词义:n.(名词)空降森林灭火员;跳伞灭火员
短语搭配:become a smokejumper(成为一名跳伞灭火员),smokejumper team(跳伞灭火队),
例句
Smokejumpers play an important role in putting out forest fires.(跳伞灭火员在扑灭森林火灾中起着重要作用。)
My brother wants to be a smokejumper when he grows up.(我哥哥长大后想成为一名跳伞灭火员。)
即学即练:
选择题:____ are trained to jump into dangerous areas to fight fires. A. Firefighters B. Smokejumpers C. Policemen (答案:B。解析:跳伞灭火员是被训练跳往危险区域灭火的,“Smokejumpers” 符合语境,“Firefighters” 范围更广,不一定是跳伞灭火,“Policemen” 是警察,都不符合表意,所以选 B。)
填空题:The ____ (空降森林灭火员) is getting ready for the next mission. (答案:smokejumper。解析:“The” 后接名词,此处用 “smokejumper” 表示这名跳伞灭火员正在为下一次任务做准备,所以填 “smokejumper”。)
survive 音标:[s va v]
词性词义:v.(动词)生存;存活;幸存;继续存在;比…… 活得长
词性转换:survival(名词,生存;存活;幸存;残存物;幸存者),survivor(名词,幸存者;生还者;残存物)
短语搭配:survive on(靠…… 生存),survive from(从…… 中幸存下来),survive the disaster(在灾难中幸存下来)
例句
Some animals can survive in the desert.(一些动物能在沙漠中生存。)
He survived the car accident and was very lucky.(他在车祸中幸存了下来,非常幸运。)
即学即练:
选择题:Many plants can't ____ without water. A. survive B. live C. exist (答案:A。解析:很多植物没有水就无法生存,“survive” 强调经历艰难险阻后存活下来,符合语境,“live” 侧重生活,“exist” 侧重存在,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:The old tree has ____ (survive) for hundreds of years. (答案:survived。解析:句子用现在完成时,其结构是 “have/has + 过去分词”,“survive” 的过去分词是 “survived”,所以填 “survived”。)
thick 音标:[θ k]
词性词义:adj.(形容词)厚的;粗的;浓的;茂密的;混浊的;笨的;adv.(副词)厚厚地;密集地;浓浓地;强烈地
词性转换:thickness(名词,厚度;浓度;层;粗大;笨),thicken(动词,使变厚;使变浓;使变粗;使模糊;变厚;变浓;变粗;变模糊)
短语搭配:thick fog(浓雾),thick forest(茂密的森林),a thick book(一本厚书)
例句
The walls of the old castle are very thick.(这座古老城堡的墙很厚。)(thick 作形容词)
Snow was falling thick and fast.(雪下得又密又快。)(thick 作副词)
即学即练:
选择题:We couldn't see clearly because of the ____ smoke. A. thick B. thin C. light (答案:A。解析:因为浓烟我们看不清楚,“thick” 表示浓的,符合语境,“thin” 是薄的、淡的,“light” 是轻的,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:The ____ (thick) of the ice on the lake is about 10 centimeters. (答案:thickness。解析:“The” 后接名词,此处用 “thickness” 表示湖上冰的厚度大约是 10 厘米,所以填 “thickness”。)
tool 音标:[tu l]
词性词义:n.(名词)工具;器具;手段;方法;v.(动词)用工具给…… 加工;用机床装备(工厂);开车兜风
短语搭配:garden tool(园艺工具),use a tool(使用工具),a useful tool(一种有用的工具)
例句
A hammer is a common tool for carpenters.(锤子是木匠常用的工具。)(tool 作名词)
He tooled around the city in his new car.(他开着他的新车在城里兜风。)(tool 作动词)
即学即练:
选择题:We need some ____ to repair the broken chair. A. tools B. toys C. foods (答案:A。解析:我们需要一些工具来修理坏椅子,“tools” 符合语境,“toys” 是玩具,“foods” 是食物,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:The mechanic took out his ____ (tool) to fix the car. (答案:tools。解析:根据语境,机械师拿出工具,通常会是多种工具,用复数形式 “tools”,所以填 “tools”。)
tough 音标:[t f]
词性词义:adj.(形容词)坚强的;坚韧的;艰苦的;艰难的;强硬的;严厉的;牢固的;粗暴的;adv.(副词)强硬地;顽强地
短语搭配:a tough job(一项艰苦的工作),be tough on(对…… 很严厉;对…… 要求很严格),tough situation(艰难的处境),tough guy(硬汉;强硬的家伙)
例句
He is a tough man and never gives up easily.(他是个坚强的人,从不轻易放弃。)
It's a tough decision to make.(这是一个艰难的决定。)
即学即练:
选择题:The exam was so ____ that many students didn't do well. A. easy B. tough C. interesting (答案:B。解析:考试如此艰难以至于很多学生考得不好,“tough” 符合语境,“easy” 是容易的,“interesting” 是有趣的,都不符合表意,所以选 B。)
填空题:The coach is always ____ (tough) on the players to make them better. (答案:tough。解析:“be tough on...” 是固定短语,表示对…… 很严厉,此处用形容词 “tough”,表示教练总是对运动员很严厉,促使他们变得更好,所以填 “tough”。)
certain 音标:[ s tn]
词性词义:adj.(形容词)某一;必然的;确信;无疑的;有把握的
词性转换:certainly(副词,当然;必定;无疑;确定地),certainty(名词,必然;肯定;确实;确定性),uncertain(形容词,不确定的;无常的;含糊的;靠不住的)
短语搭配:be certain of(确信;对…… 有把握)
例句
He is certain to win the game because he has practiced a lot.(他肯定会赢得比赛,因为他练习了很多。)
I'm certain of passing the exam with good grades.(我确信我能以好成绩通过考试。)
即学即练:
选择题:We are ____ that we can finish the task on time. A. certain B. doubtful C. afraid (答案:A。解析:我们确信能按时完成任务,“be certain that...” 符合语境,“doubtful” 是怀疑的,“afraid” 是害怕的,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:There is a ____ (certain) charm in this old town. (答案:certain。解析:此处用形容词 “certain” 修饰名词 “charm”,表示这个古镇有某种魅力,所以填 “certain”。)
dead 音标:[ded]
词性词义:adj.(形容词)死的;无生命的;呆板的;停滞的;adv.(副词)完全地;绝对地;突然地
词性转换:death(名词,死亡;逝世;死因),deadly(形容词,致命的;致死的;非常的;极度的;adv. 极其;非常;死一般地)
短语搭配:be dead(死了;无生命),dead end(死胡同;绝境;僵局)
例句
The fish in the pond are all dead.(池塘里的鱼都死了。)(dead 作形容词)
He was dead tired after a long day's work.(辛苦工作了一整天后,他累极了。)(dead 作副词)
即学即练:
选择题:The tree has been ____ for years. A. alive B. dead C. living (答案:B。解析:这棵树已经死了好几年了,“dead” 符合语境,“alive” 是活着的,“living” 也是活着的,都不符合表意,所以选 B。)
填空题:The accident was a ____ (dead) one and several people were killed. (答案:deadly。解析:此处用形容词 “deadly” 修饰名词 “one”,表示这次事故是致命的,所以填 “deadly”。)
fit 音标:[f t]
词性词义:v.(动词)适合;合身;使适合;安装;使符合;adj.(形容词)健康的;合适的;恰当的;能胜任的;n.(名词)(病的)发作;一阵;合适;合身
词性转换:fitness(名词,健康;适当;适合;恰当),fitted(形容词,合适的;订做的;有…… 设备的;动词 fit 的过去式及过去分词)
短语搭配:fit in(适应;融入;符合),fit for(适合;胜任),keep fit(保持健康)
例句
The dress fits me very well.(这条裙子我穿着很合身。)(fit 作动词)
He is fit for the job because he has enough experience.(他能胜任这份工作,因为他有足够的经验。)(fit 作形容词)
即学即练:
选择题:You should do more exercise to ____. A. keep fit B. keep quiet C. keep busy (答案:A。解析:做更多锻炼是为了保持健康,“keep fit” 符合语境,“keep quiet” 是保持安静,“keep busy” 是保持忙碌,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:The shoes don't ____ (fit) me. They are too small. (答案:fit。解析:“don't” 后接动词原形,此处用 “fit” 表示鞋子不合脚,太小了,所以填 “fit”。)
kill 音标:[k l]
词性词义:v.(动词)杀死;扼杀;毁掉;消磨(时间);n.(名词)捕杀;猎杀;猎物
词性转换:killer(名词,杀手;杀人者;导致死亡的事物;止痛药;adj. 致命的;极难的),killing(名词,谋杀;杀戮;adj. 使人筋疲力尽的;极其困难的;动词 kill 的现在分词),killable(形容词,可杀死的;可捕杀的)
短语搭配:kill time(消磨时间),be killed in(在…… 中丧生)
例句
The hunter killed a deer in the forest.(猎人在森林里猎杀了一头鹿。)
We often kill time by watching TV on weekends.(我们周末经常通过看电视来消磨时间。)
即学即练:
选择题:Don't ____ the beautiful butterflies. Let them fly freely. A. catch B. kill C. follow (答案:B。解析:不要杀死美丽的蝴蝶,让它们自由飞舞,“kill” 符合语境,“catch” 是抓住,“follow” 是跟随,都不符合表意,所以选 B。)
填空题:The accident ____ (kill) several people last year. (答案:killed。解析:描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,“kill” 的过去式是 “killed”,所以填 “killed”。)
role model 音标:[r l m dl]
词性词义:n.(名词)榜样;楷模;行为榜样
短语搭配:be a role model for(成为…… 的榜样),follow one's role model(效仿某人的榜样),set a role model(树立榜样)
例句
My father is my role model. I want to be like him when I grow up.(我父亲是我的榜样,我长大后想成为像他那样的人。)
Lei Feng is a great role model for us all.(雷锋是我们所有人的伟大榜样。)
即学即练:
选择题:We should ____ good role models to learn from. A. look for B. look up to C. look after (答案:A。解析:我们应该寻找好的榜样来学习,“look for” 符合语境,“look up to” 是敬仰,“look after” 是照顾,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:She tries to be a ____ (榜样) for her younger sister. (答案:role model。解析:“a” 后接可数名词单数,此处用 “role model” 表示她努力成为妹妹的榜样,所以填 “role model”。)
devote yourself to 音标:[d v t j self tu ]
词性词义:短语动词,献身于;致力于;专心于
短语搭配:devote oneself to doing sth.(致力于做某事;献身于做某事),devote time to(把时间用于……),devote energy to(把精力用于……)
例句
He devotes himself to helping the poor.(他致力于帮助穷人。)
She devoted a lot of time to learning English.(她把大量时间用于学习英语。)
即学即练:
选择题:My teacher ____ teaching and cares about every student. A. devotes himself to B. gives up C. is tired of (答案:A。解析:老师致力于教学并关心每一位学生,“devotes himself to” 符合语境,“gives up” 是放弃,“is tired of” 是厌烦,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:The scientist ____ (献身于) researching new medicine all his life. (答案:devotes himself to。解析:句子描述一般情况,主语 “The scientist” 是第三人称单数,动词用第三人称单数形式,所以填 “devotes himself to”。)
in the field of 音标:[ n fi ld v]
词性词义:短语,在…… 领域;在…… 方面
例句
He has made great achievements in the field of science.(他在科学领域取得了巨大成就。)
She is very famous in the field of art.(她在艺术领域非常出名。)
即学即练:
选择题:My brother is interested in working ____ computer science. A. in the field of B. on the way to C. at the end of (答案:A。解析:在计算机科学领域工作用 “in the field of”,符合语境,“on the way to” 是在去…… 的路上,“at the end of” 是在…… 尽头,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:Many experts are doing research ____ (在…… 领域) environmental protection. (答案:in the field of。解析:此处用短语 “in the field of” 表示许多专家正在环境保护领域做研究,所以填 “in the field of”。)
college entrance examination 音标:[ k l d entr ns ɡ z m ne n]
词性词义:n.(名词)高考;大学入学考试
短语搭配:prepare for the college entrance examination(为高考做准备),take the college entrance examination(参加高考),pass the college entrance examination(通过高考)
例句
Most students study hard to do well in the college entrance examination.(大多数学生努力学习以便在高考中取得好成绩。)
He was very nervous when he took the college entrance examination last year.(他去年参加高考时非常紧张。)
即学即练:
选择题:Students usually spend a lot of time ____ for the ____. A. preparing, college entrance examination B. waiting, school party C. playing, football match (答案:A。解析:学生们通常花很多时间为高考做准备,“prepare for...” 是固定搭配,符合语境,“wait for...” 是等待,“play...” 是玩、参加(比赛等),都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:The ____ (高考) is very important for high school students. (答案:college entrance examination。解析:“The” 后接名词,此处用 “college entrance examination” 表示高考对高中生来说很重要,所以填 “college entrance examination”。)
chief engineer 音标:[t i f end n (r)]
词性词义:n.(名词)总工程师;首席工程师
短语搭配:become a chief engineer(成为一名总工程师),work as a chief engineer(担任总工程师),the chief engineer of(…… 的总工程师)
例句
He is the chief engineer of this project.(他是这个项目的总工程师。)
My dream is to become a chief engineer in the future.(我的梦想是将来成为一名总工程师。)
即学即练:
选择题:Mr. Li ____ a chief engineer for many years and has rich experience. A. is B. has been C. was (答案:B。解析:根据 “for many years” 可知要用现在完成时,表示从过去一直持续到现在的状态,“has been” 符合语境,“is” 是一般现在时,“was” 是一般过去时,都不符合表意,所以选 B。)
填空题:The company hired a new ____ (总工程师) to lead the technical team. (答案:chief engineer。解析:“a” 后接可数名词单数,此处用 “chief engineer” 表示公司雇了一名新的总工程师来领导技术团队,所以填 “chief engineer”。)
sugar pill 音标:[ ɡ p l]
词性词义:n.(名词)糖丸;安慰剂
短语搭配:take a sugar pill(服用一粒糖丸;服用安慰剂)
例句
Sometimes doctors give patients sugar pills instead of real medicine in some experiments.(在一些实验中,医生有时会给病人服用糖丸而不是真正的药物。)
She took a sugar pill thinking it would make her feel better.(她服用了一粒糖丸,以为这会让她感觉好一些。)
即学即练:
选择题:In the study, half of the patients were given real medicine and the other half were given ____. A. vitamins B. sugar pills C. injections (答案:B。解析:在研究中,一半病人给真药,另一半给安慰剂也就是糖丸,“sugar pills” 符合语境,“vitamins” 是维生素,“injections” 是注射剂,都不符合表意,所以选 B。)
填空题:The doctor gave me a ____ (糖丸) to calm me down. (答案:sugar pill。解析:“a” 后接可数名词单数,此处用 “sugar pill” 表示医生给了我一粒糖丸让我镇定下来,所以填 “sugar pill”。)
be able to 音标:[bi e bl tu ]
词性词义:短语动词,能够;会
短语搭配:be able to do sth.(能够做某事),will be able to(将能够……)
例句
I am able to swim across the river.(我能够游过这条河。)
She will be able to speak English fluently after a few years' study.(经过几年的学习后,她将能够流利地说英语。)
即学即练:
选择题:With the help of my teacher, I ____ solve the difficult math problem. A. am able to B. want to C. try to (答案:A。解析:在老师的帮助下我能够解决这道数学难题,“be able to” 符合语境,“want to” 是想要做,“try to” 是试图做,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:He ____ (能够) play the piano when he was five years old. (答案:was able to。解析:描述过去他五岁时的能力,用一般过去时,“be” 的过去式用 “was”,所以填 “was able to”。)
be proud of 音标:[bi pra d v]
词性词义:短语动词,为…… 感到骄傲;为…… 自豪
短语搭配:be proud of sb.(为某人感到骄傲),be proud of sth.(为某事感到自豪),take pride in(与 be proud of 同义,为…… 感到骄傲;为…… 自豪)
例句
My parents are proud of my good grades.(我的父母为我的好成绩感到骄傲。)
We are proud of our country's achievements.(我们为我们国家的成就感到自豪。)
即学即练:
选择题:I ____ my sister because she won the first prize in the competition. A. am proud of B. am worried about C. am afraid of (答案:A。解析:因为妹妹在比赛中获得一等奖,所以我为她感到骄傲,“am proud of” 符合语境,“am worried about” 是担心,“am afraid of” 是害怕,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:She ____ (为…… 感到骄傲) her beautiful painting. (答案:is proud of。解析:句子描述一般情况,主语 “She” 是第三人人称单数,动词用第三人称单数形式,所以填 “is proud of”。)
put out 音标:[p t a t]
词性词义:短语动词,扑灭;熄灭;伸出;出版;生产;发布
短语搭配:put out the fire(灭火;扑灭火灾),put out one's hand(伸出手),put out a book(出版一本书),put out a report(发布一份报告)
例句
Firefighters put out the big fire quickly.(消防员迅速扑灭了大火。)
He put out his hand to shake hands with me.(他伸出手来和我握手。)
即学即练:
选择题:Please ____ the cigarette before you enter the building. A. put out B. put on C. put up (答案:A。解析:进入大楼前请熄灭香烟,“put out” 符合语境,“put on” 是穿上、戴上等,“put up” 是张贴、搭建等,都不符合表意,所以选 A。)
填空题:They managed to ____ (扑灭) the fire in the forest. (答案:put out。解析:“manage to do sth.” 表示设法做某事,此处用动词原形 “put out”,表示他们设法扑灭了森林里的火,所以填 “put out”。)

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