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第三讲：比较级及最高级
【比较级及最高级变化规则】
1. 形容词和副词比较级和最高级的规则变化
情况 改法 例词
原级 比较级 最高级
一般单音节和少数双音节 比较级在词尾加-er 最高级在词尾加-est tall, clever taller, cleverer tallest, cleverest
以e结尾的单音节词 比较级在词尾加-r 最高级在词尾加-st late large later larger latest largest
重读闭音节结尾且词末只有一个辅音字母 比较级双写词尾，加-er 最高级双写词尾，加-est big thin bigger thinner biggest thinnest
“辅音字母+y”结尾 比较级改y为i, 加-er easy easier easiest
部分双音节和所有多音节词 比较级在词前加more 最高级在词前加most useful beautifully more useful more beautifully most useful most beautifully
2.形容词和副词比较级和最高级的不规则变化
good/well-better-best bad/badly-worse-worst
many/much-more-most little-less-least
far-farther/further-farthest/furthest old-older/elder-oldest/eldest
【比较极及最高级的用法】
比较级的用法
1.用于两者之间的人或物比较，要注意than前后比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物的比较。
I’m quieter and more serious than most kids.
You run more quickly than any other student in our class. (any other+可数名词单数)
2.可以修饰比较级的词：much, a little, a lot, even, still, any(多用于问句), a bit, far等，注意不能用very, so, quite, too等修饰.
Do you have any more questions
This book is much more interesting than that one.
3. 表示“重几斤，高几厘米，大几岁”等，用“数量词+形容词比较级+than”
My friend is five centimeters taller than me.
4. Which do you like better, the apple or the orange (用于含有两个选项的选择疑问句)
5. He is the taller of the two boys. (在of the two/of the twins等结构中，在比较级前加the)
6. 比较级+and+比较级\\more and more+比较级 “越来越…”
She is getting heavier and heavier.
7. “the+比较级...，the+比较级...”: “越...就越...”
The harder you work at your study, the better grades you will get.
8. 倍数+比较级+than… 是…的几倍
This building is three times taller than that one.
最高级的用法
1.用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较。
She is the smartest of all.
She does the work (the) most carefully in the company.
My eldest sister is a singer.
2. Which sweater do you like best, the yellow one, the red one or the blue one (用于含有三个或三个以上选项的选择疑问句中)
3. “the+序数词+最高级+名词单数+范围”： “在...范围内是第几...的”
Hainan is the second largest island in China.
4. “one of the +最高级+名词复数”： “最...之一”
Obama was one of the most powerful persons in the world.
【语法专练】
一、单项选择
1．Mr. Chen is ________ than anyone I know. It’s hard to see him laugh.
A．serious B．more serious C．the most serious
2．Shanghai is a ________ city than Tianjin.
A．busily B．busy C．busier D．more busy
3．Yesterday we all went shopping. I had ________ money so I bought ________ things.
A．the least; the fewest B．the fewest; the least C．less; fewer D．fewer; less
4．Shanghai is the first ________ famous city in China. It covers an area of 6,340 square kilometres.
A．most B．more C．least D．less
5．He runs much ________ than anyone else.
A．quickly B．quick C．quickest D．more quickly
6．Tony lives ________ to school than Peter.
A．close B．closed C．closer D．the closest
7．Josh won a prize in the 200-meter race this year because he trained ________ than before.
A．hard B．hardly C．harder D．hardest
8．He can draw _________ his teacher.
A．as beautiful as B．more beautiful than C．not as beautifully as D．less beautifully than
9．—Which do you like ________ , apples or bananas
—Apples. Because an apple a day keeps the doctor away.
A．less B．well C．better D．best
10．Though Jack is younger, he writes ________ I do.
A．less careful than B．more careful than C．less carefully than D．more carefully than
11．Water is the cheapest drink. And it’s also ________.
A．healthier B．the healthiest C．more expensive D．the most expensive
11．—I hope to draw as ________ as the famous artist Xu Beihong.
—Work hard, and I believe you will be one of the ________ artists in the future.
A．good; well B．better; good C．well; best D．well; good
12．I am worried about my son’s diet. He eats ________ vegetables in my family.
A．less B．the least C．fewer D．the fewest
13．Amy came first in the race. She ran ________ of all the students.
A．fast B．faster C．the fastest
14．Who usually comes to school ________ in your class
A．early B．earliest C．earlier D．the early
15．You can buy clothes the ________ in Lucy’s Store.
A．most cheaply B．more cheaply C．cheaply
二、单词拼写
1．In fact, it’s (quick) to go there by train than by bus.
2．“Good, (good), best. Never let it rest.” Xu Yuanchong said to children on TV.
3．In my family, Dad is the strongest, mom is the (slim) and I am the cutest.
4．—Who jumps (high) in your class
—Lin Tao does.
5．He speaks English (badly) in his class.
6．Ben likes the restaurant next to the park (well).
三、完成句子
1．越来越多的孩子对人工智能感兴趣。
kids are interested in AI.
2．Larry is less hard-working than Huang Lei in English study. (改为同义句)
Huang Lei at English than Larry.
3．睡眠少于8小时会让你第二天感到疲劳。
Sleeping eight hours will make you feel tired the next day.
【答案】
一、1-5 BCAAD 6-10 CCDCD 11-15 BCDCBA
二、1．quicker2．better3．slimmest4．highest5．worst##the worst6．best
三、1．More and more
2．works##studies harder
3． less than
【能力提升】
一、补全对话
阅读下面对话，从7个选项中选择5个恰当的句子完成对话。
A: Hey, Bill! What are you doing
B: 1．
A: Really What will the future be like
B: 2．
A: That’s too bad. We’ll not have enough places to live in. Do you agree with me
B: Yes. 3．
A: Oh, no! I don’t want to live on other planets.
B: 4．
A: What can I do
B: Very easy. 5．
A: OK. I’ll tell all my friends to do that.
A．Then you must play a part in saving the earth.
B．Well, cities will be more crowded and polluted.
C．Try to use less water and plant more trees.
D．How are you going to do that
E．I’m going to be a doctor.
F．I’m reading a book about the future.
G．We’ll have to move to other planets.
二、完形填空
Every parent says that we never grow up. In fact, we may be 15 or 16 years old. In their eyes, we are always little kids and always do 6 things. For example, when I need to stay at home, they will always 7 me and my life without them.
Most parents always think that they give the best things to make their children live better. They buy their children pretty clothes, nice shoes, strange but 8 school things, even a thousand-yuan-cost bike. They think that they do everything for their dear little children. And they only want their children to get good 9 on the exams.
But 10 can’t their children still understand (明白) them Do they still want more things 11 . In fact, they want a true family. What is a true family I think it means a place we can leave the outside 12 world. From here, we can get consolation (安慰) and happiness. We should be stronger in the outside world because we have a family.
So I think parents should 13 their money and talk with children. It will let them 14 that they have a true family, so the child and his parents could understand each other 15 . Then, no one will be a little child.
6．A．new B．important C．good D．wrong
7．A．fight with B．clean up C．worry about D．talk with
8．A．expensive B．cheap C．beautiful D．ugly
9．A．health B．grades C．food D．gifts
10．A．where B．how C．why D．what
11．A．No B．Sure C．Yes D．Sorry
12．A．warm B．cold C．great D．happy
13．A．give B．save C．kept D．shop
14．A．know B．thought C．mix D．lose
15．A. good and good B．stronger C．worse D．Better
三、阅读理解
A
A myth is something that is not correct, but many people believe that there are a lot of myths about the human brain.
One of the biggest myths is that we only use 10 percent of our brains. The next part of the myth is that if we can learn to use the rest of our brains, then we’ll be much smarter. People say this all the time, but it’s absolutely (绝对地) not true! The truth is that although we don’t know everything about the human brain, we know that each part of it has an important function (功能). Modern scientists think the “10 percent myth” is ridiculous (荒谬的).
The other most popular myth is about being “right-brained” or “left-brained”. According to this myth, people who use the right side of their brains are better at math and science. This is as popular as the “10 percent myth”, and it’s also wrong. In 2013, a study from an American their brains are more artistic and creative. People who use the left side of university examined the right brain and left brain myth. According to the study, we use both sides of our brains equally (相等地).
It’s true that we use different parts of our brains for different things. We use our left side for language more, and our right side when we need to pay attention. But there is no evidence (证据) that creative people use the right side more or that scientific people use the left side more.
We’ve talked about myths, so let’s look at a few interesting facts about the brain. First of all, the brain feels no pain. Second, about 75 percent of the brain is made of water. It’s also the fattest organ in your body. Here’s another interesting fact about the brain. Around the time you turn 18 years old, it stops growing.
16．Modern scientists think the “10 percent myth” is ridiculous because ________.
A．we only use 10 percent of our brains
B．they know everything about the human brain
C．each part of the brain has an important function
D．of the study from an American university
17．The underlined word “This” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A．the “left brain” myth
B．the “right brain and left brain” myth
C．the use of human brains
D．the study from an American university
18．According to the facts mentioned in the passage, ________ may use the left brain more.
A．Robert, who is learning English
B．Kate, who is drawing pictures
C．Jenny, who is designing clothes
D．Jacob, who is doing research
19．Which of the following is TRUE about the human brain
A．It is growing all life long.
B．The right side is used more by artists.
C．Some parts of it are not used at all.
D．About three quarters of it is made of water.
20．The passage mainly tells about ________.
A．the growing of the brain
B．different functions of the brain
C．the right brain and left brain
D．myths and facts about the brain
B
阅读短文及文后A-E选项，选出可以填入1-5各题空白处的最佳选项。
Many people think that being healthy is difficult, but that’s not true. Here are some ways to keep healthy.
Drink more water. 21． Water keeps bodies at the right temperature（温度）.
Eat well. It is important to pay attention to（注意）what you eat and how you eat. Vegetables and fruit are good for the health. You should eat them every day.
Eat at the right time. 22． If you eat too late at night, you may have difficulty sleeping.
Do more exercise. If you eat much food but do little exercise, you will become heavy and it will be easy for you to get ill. 23．
Get outside. When you spend time outdoors, the fresh air helps improve your mood（改善你的情绪）. 24． Spending too much time on them will be bad for your eves. Spend some time going for a walk in the sun, relaxing at a park, or staying active with a sport.
Get a good night’s rest. When you sleep well, you can wake up easily the next morning. 25． Sleeping well is very important for your health!
A．Keep away from TV or computers.
B．What’s more, you will have more energy（能量）the next day.
C．Try not to eat 2 to 3 hours before you go to bed.
D．Everyone should drink five to eight glasses of water a day.
E．Doing sports every day can help build yourself up.
四、短文填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dear Wang Lin,
I’m so glad to hear from you. Thank you so much for 26． (invite) me this week. But I’m sorry I can’t go. I’m really busy on weekdays. This evening, I 27． (go) to the concert with my friends. My favorite band TF Boys is coming. Tomorrow I have to go to the hospital 28． (look) after my grandmother. She 29． (have) the flu. The day after tomorrow is Wednesday. I’m going to practice 30． (play) soccer with my classmates and I have two piano lessons. Oh, and my sister will have a birthday party on Thursday, I have to help her 31． (prepare) for it. 32． Friday afternoon, I’d like to take part in the opening of our new school library. This weekend, I’m going to have a birthday party.
By the way, can you 33． (come) to my party next month
Please write to me soon.
Yours,
Zhao Min
【答案】
1-5 FBGAC
6-15 DCABC ABBAD
16-20 CBADD 21-25 DCEAB
1.inviting 2.will go 3.to look 4.has 5.playing 6.to prepare 7.On 8.come

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