资源简介

第二练　科学发明
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·福建适应性考试)
Researchers at MIT created a high－tech pill that starts to vibrate (振动) once it makes contact with liquid in the user’s stomach and makes him or her feel full. The pill was reportedly thought up by Shriya Srinivasan, currently an assistant professor of bioengineering at Harvard University.
VIBES，short for Vibrating Ingestible BioElectronic Stimulator，was only recently made public in a study published in the Science journal，but it is already being announced by the media as the future of weight loss.Although it has yet to be tested on humans，trials on pigs have achieved very hopeful results. After about 30 minutes of VIBES activity，pigs consumed on average almost 40 percent less food in the next half hour than they did without the smart pill. Apparently, the revolutionary device works by activating stretch receptors in the stomach，modeling the presence of food.This in turn signals the hypothalamus (下丘脑) to increase the levels of hormones that make us feel full.The vibrating stimulator，which is about the size of a vitamin pill，is powered by an encased battery and activated either by the gastric fluid (胃液) breaking down the coat around the pill，or by an incorporated timer.After producing the desired effect，the pill exits the body with other solid waste.
The good news is that it is expected to have a cost in the cents to one dollar range，and researchers say that it may eventually be possible to implant the stimulator and thus remove the need for people to constantly swallow it.
“Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of a low－cost，non－operative intervention to reduce food intake and calorie consumption. The device functions effectively in the stomach and leads to fullness，” said Giovanni Traverso，co－author of the study.“The device has the potential to revolutionize options for weight loss treatment.However，future studies will be needed to explore the physiological effects of the device before it’s available for patients.”
Researchers are now exploring ways to scale up the producing of VIBES capsules which could enable clinical trials on humans.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院的研究人员研发出了一款神奇的药丸，人吃上这种药丸就会产生饱腹感，从而减少食物摄入量，达到减肥的效果。
1.What is the outcome of taking the pill
A.Liquid production.
B.Food storage.
C.A sensation of fullness.
D.Recovery of users.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“once it makes contact with liquid in the user’s stomach and makes him or her feel full”可知，一旦吃上这种药片，人就会产生饱腹感。]
2.Which aspect of the device is mentioned in paragraph 2
A.Its working principle. B.Its intelligence.
C.Its testing history. D.Its side effect.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“the revolutionary device works by activating...exits the body with other solid waste”可知，这种革命性的装置的工作原理是激活胃中的牵张感受器，模拟食物的存在。这反过来又使下丘脑增加能使我们感到饱腹的激素水平。振动刺激器由被包裹的电池供电，通过胃液分解药丸周围的涂层，或由被包含的定时器激活。在产生预期的效果后，药丸与其他固体废物一起离开身体。由此可见，本段讲到了该设备的工作原理。]
3.What is the researchers’ ultimate goal of the device
A.To produce gastric fluid with it.
B.To destroy the coat around it.
C.To fix it in the human body.
D.To remove solid waste from it.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“it may eventually be possible to implant the stimulator and thus remove the need for people to constantly swallow it”可知，研究人员希望最终将该刺激器植入体内，从而使人们不必不断吞下它。]
4.What is Giovanni Traverso’s attitude towards the future of the device
A.Worried. B.Cautious.
C.Doubtful. D.Confused.
答案　B　[观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中Giovanni Traverso 所说的话“future studies will be needed to explore the physiological effects of the device before it’s available for patients”可知，在该设备上市之前还需要进行研究以探索其生理效应。据此可以推断，Giovanni Traverso对该设备的前景持谨慎态度。]
(2025·河南适应性考试)
An innovative creation will help transform treating diseases. Scientists at Tufts University and Harvard University’s Wyss Institute developed tiny biological robots “Anthrobots” from human cells. These Anthrobots possess the astonishing ability to move across surfaces and have exhibited a remarkable healing (治愈) effect by stimulating neuron (神经元) growth in damaged lab dish regions. This discovery serves as a crucial stepping stone toward the researchers’ vision of employing biological robots as innovative tools for healing，and disease treatment.
This breakthrough originates from earlier research conducted by Michael Levin，Professor of Biology at Tufts University School of Arts & Sciences，and Josh Bongard at the University of Vermont.They once created biological robots called Xenobots from frog cells，capable of various functions including self－copying，for a limited number of cycles.However，it was unclear if biological robots could be formed using cells from other species.
In their latest study，Levin and Tufts PhD student Gizem Gumuskaya discovered that Anthrobots can indeed be crafted from adult human cells，with capabilities outperforming those observed in Xenobots.
Anthrobots showed the ability to move across a surface covered in human neurons grown in a lab dish，facilitating new growth to fill gaps caused by cell layer damage.
“It is extremely interesting and completely unexpected that normal patients’ cells，without changing their DNA，can move on their own and encourage neuron growth across a region of damage.We’re now looking at how the healing mechanism works，and asking what else these constructs can do，” says Levin.
One of the main advantages of using human cells lies in constructing biological robots from a patient’s cells to perform healing tasks without leading to immune (免疫的) responses. These Anthrobots naturally break down after a few weeks and can be easily absorbed into the body once their function is complete.
Anthrobots can only survive under specific laboratory conditions，posing no risk of exposure or unintended spread outside the controlled environment.They do not reproduce，have no genetic changes，and therefore carry no risk of developing beyond safety measures.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家利用人类细胞研发出微型生物机器人，它展现出很多优点，包括优越于先前的“青蛙细胞生物机器人”，且该机器人只能在特定的实验室条件下生存，不会引发其他风险。
5.What do Anthrobots do in healing patients
A.Replace human cells.
B.Facilitate neuron growth.
C.Create new human cells.
D.Move across tissue surfaces.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“have exhibited a remarkable healing(治愈)...damaged lab dish regions”可知，该人类细胞生物机器人通过刺激病灶区神经元的生长展现出惊人的治愈效果。由此可知，该微型机器人在治愈病人方面是通过促进神经元生长的方式来完成的。]
6.What does the underlined word “crafted” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Made. B.Divided.
C.Copied. D.Designed.
答案　A　[词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句可知，Anthrobots可以从人类细胞中研制出来。第三段内容肯定了第一段第二句说明的事实，即“Anthrobots确实可以从人类细胞中研制出来”。画线词与make的含义最接近。]
7.What is one of the main advantages of Anthrobots
A.They can be easily created from patients’ cells.
B.They can be used in many controlled environments.
C.They can avoid causing immune responses.
D.They can have genetic changes when necessary.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“One of the main advantages of using human cells lies in...without leading to immune(免疫的) responses.”可知，这种从病人的细胞中构建的微型生物机器人执行愈合任务，不会导致免疫反应。]
8.Which magazine is the text most probably taken from
A.Advanced Science. B.Sportsnet Magazine.
C.Art in America. D.National Geography.
答案　A　[文章出处题。本文主要讲述科学家从人类细胞中研发了微型生物机器人，这种机器人优于先前的“青蛙细胞生物机器人”。由此可推知，本文最有可能摘自《前沿科学》杂志。]
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·福建适应性考试)
Aesthetic (审美的) education aims to enhance aesthetic perception, experience aesthetic qualities，stimulate aesthetic creativity, and promote aesthetic judgement.
If kids want to be able to appreciate natural wonders，shapes and pictures，they must be able to first notice them.This is why the development of the ability to notice the beautiful is the primary task of aesthetic education.__1__ Kids are incapable of noticing particular shapes if their ability to notice objects and forms is undeveloped.The aesthetic relationship begins with the noticing of aesthetic qualities.
__2__ This means that they generate emotional responses like excitement and joy，enriching individuals’ emotional lives and inspiring artistic expression.The ability to experience feelings aesthetically must also be developed.The cognitive (认知的) elements of the processes that we experience during noticing must also include emotional tones with which we form impressions.__3__ The aim of this task is，with the aid of aesthetic qualities，to enrich the emotional life of children and young people and the development of a sense for aesthetic values.
It is essential to allow children to participate in activities that will develop their creative abilities.__4__ Instead, it is about creativity in the creation of aesthetic values in everyday life.We are not simply born with creative abilities which have to be developed.
Judging or evaluating aesthetic qualities demands formed evaluation criteria. In order to reveal beauty’s true value，we must be familiar with its particularities.Throughout the process of aesthetic education，various types of knowledge，abilities and evaluation criteria must be applied.__5__
A.Aesthetic qualities have to be felt.
B.Beauty can be found all around us.
C.The beautiful will be likely to be created.
D.And it is these that the aesthetic experience is built upon.
E.In some way, this is the ability to perceive aesthetic qualities.
F.This way，the child will develop the foundations for assessing the beautiful.
G.This is not so much about creating aesthetic abilities in the sense of training artists.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了审美教育的目的是增强审美感知、体验审美品质、激发审美创造力和提高审美判断力。
1.B　[空前讲到了培养发现美的能力是审美教育的首要任务，而空后讲到了如果孩子们注意物体和形状的能力不发达，那么他们就不能注意到特定的形状，B项“美就在我们身边。”讲到了美的来源，既能承接上文，也能引出下文。]
2.A　[首段讲到了审美教育的四个目的，结合上下段可知，该段对应第二个目的：体验审美品质，A项“审美品质必须被感知。”承接上文，且能引出空后的“这意味着它们会产生兴奋和快乐等情感反应，丰富个人的情感生活，激发艺术表达。”。]
3.D　[空前讲到了“我们在注意美的过程中所经历的认知元素也必须包括我们形成印象时使用的情感色彩。”，因此，空处讲到的应该是必须包括情感色彩的原因，D项“它们正是审美经历形成的基础。”符合语境。]
4.G　[根据空后的“Instead”可知，空处与下文形成了转折，结合空后的“相反，它是关于在日常生活中创造审美价值的创造力”可知，G项“这并不是说要培养所谓艺术家的审美能力。”符合语境。故选G。]
5.F　[结合上文中的“在整个审美教育的过程中，必须运用各种类型的知识、能力和评价标准。”可知，空处应该会讲到这样做的意义和影响，F项“这样，孩子就能为判断美打下基础。”符合语境。故选F。]
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2024·福建莆田二模)
It was like finding a needle in a haystack.Shelly Romo surveyed what was __1__ of her home in Maui，which was hit by a deadly wildfire，hoping to find her wedding ring，expecting to leave __2__.But luckily，after three hours’ __3__ with volunteers，it finally appeared，the diamond __4__ but the band completely damaged.Romo and her husband went straight to No Ka’ Oi Jewelers—a local business that has been __5__ fire－damaged jewelry free of charge.
No Ka’ Oi owner Omi Chamdi said he was one of the __6__ ones—the fires had avoided his home and storefront.That’s why，in its aftermath，he immediately sprang into action and advertised __7__ restorations.“When the fires here on Maui occurred，pretty __8__ I decided this is something I can do and I really want to do for the __9__ community.”
However，Chamdi doesn’t restore the jewelry himself；__10__ he has been paying for the restoration services.When asked if he ever __11__ that，he shook his head.“These are not just ordinary items，these are the most __12__ possessions that people go back and dig through the __13__ to find.”
__14__，Romo was not ready to say goodbye when the fires destroyed her home.But finding her wedding ring and getting it restored gave Romo some peace about __15__.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Shelly Romo在遭受火灾的房屋里找到了自己的结婚戒指，并在一家珠宝店将其免费修复。店主Omi Chamdi在火灾发生后想为受灾社区做点事情，于是一直在为修复服务买单。
1.A.expected B.reminded
C.left D.robbed
答案　C　[根据上文“It was like finding a needle in a haystack.(这就像大海捞针一样。)”和下文“hoping to find her wedding ring”可知，Shelly Romo查看被烧毁的房屋残骸，看看还留下了什么，故选C。]
2.A.bright－eyed B.light－hearted
C.absent－minded D.empty－handed
答案　D　[根据下文“But luckily”以及“it finally appeared”可知，下文提到戒指出现了，此处与下文是转折关系，故此处指预计会空手而归。]
3.A.talks B.journey
C.waiting D.efforts
答案　D　[结合下文“it finally appeared”可知，经过志愿者三个小时的努力，戒指被找到了。]
4.A.sound B.broken
C.solid D.gone
答案　A　[根据下文“but the band completely damaged”可知，此处和“completely damaged”意义相反，指钻石完好无损，sound完好的。]
5.A.recycling B.restoring
C.marketing D.advertising
答案　B　[结合空后的“fire－damaged jewelry free of charge”以及下一段中“restorations”可知，此处指修复被火灾损坏的珠宝。]
6.A.distinctive B.lucky
C.helpful D.anxious
答案　B　[根据“the fires had avoided his home and storefront”可知，大火没有烧到他的家和店面，所以他是幸运的。]
7.A.perfect B.extra
C.free D.instant
答案　C　[根据上文“a local business that has been ________ fire－damaged jewelry free of charge”可知，此处指店主宣传免费修复。]
8.A.quickly B.excitedly
C.cautiously D.hesitantly
答案　A　[根据上文“in its aftermath，he immediately sprang into action”可知，Chamdi很快决定做这件事。]
9.A.affected B.nearby
C.calm D.united
答案　A　[根据“When the fires here on Maui occurred”可知，此处指为受火灾影响的社区做点事情。]
10.A.therefore B.otherwise
C.nevertheless D.instead
答案　D　[根据上文“Chamdi doesn’t restore the jewelry himself”可知，Chamdi自己不修复珠宝；相反，他一直在为修复服务买单。]
11.A.expected B.enjoyed
C.rejected D.regretted
答案　D　[结合“he shook his head”以及下文他谈到做这件事的意义可知，此处指他被问及是否后悔。]
12.A.precious B.necessary
C.beautiful D.expensive
答案　A　[根据上文“These are not just ordinary items”可知，这些不仅仅是普通的东西，是珍贵的财产。]
13.A.items B.houses
C.ruins D.boxes
答案　C　[根据上文“Shelly Romo surveyed what was ________ of her home in Maui，which was hit by a deadly wildfire”可知，Romo在遭受火灾的房子里寻找戒指以及空前的“dig through”可知，此处指在废墟中挖掘出自己最珍贵的财产。]
14.A.Eventually B.Originally
C.Gradually D.Naturally
答案　B　[根据下文“Romo was not ready to say goodbye”以及“But finding her wedding ring and getting it restored gave Romo some peace”可知，此处是按时间先后描写Romo的心境，起初Romo还没有准备好说再见。]
15.A.rising up B.moving on
C.giving in D.taking off
答案　B　[根据上文“Romo was not ready to say goodbye when the fires destroyed her home”以及本句中“But”可知，Romo起初没有准备好说再见，但是找到并修复好戒指让Romo对继续前进感到平静，指告别过去，继续前进。]
A篇 Para.1：make contact with...与……接触　Para.2：encased adj.包装的；被包住的　activate v.使活动；激活；使活化　incorporate v.将……包括在内；包含；吸收；使并入　revolution n.革命→revolutionary adj.革命的；彻底变革的；巨变的　stimulate v.刺激(身体器官)；鼓励；刺激→stimulator n.刺激物→stimulus n.促进因素；激励因素；刺激物　Para.4：intervene v.出面，介入；阻碍，阻挠，干扰→intervention n.干预，介入；调停　Para.5：clinical adj.临床的；临床诊断的　scale up增加；扩大
B篇 Para.1：innovative adj.引进新思想的，采用新方法的；革新的，创新的　transform v.使改变形态　astonishing adj.令人十分惊讶的，使人大为惊奇的，难以置信的　stimulate v.促进，激发；刺激　Para.2：originate from源于　Para.3：outperform v.做得比……更好，胜过　Para.6：be absorbed into被吸收进；被同化
七选五 Para.1：perception n.知觉，感知；看法，见解；洞察力，悟性　Para.5：criterion n.(判断的)标准(复数criteria)　particularity n.特征，特性，细节，详情
B篇 译文：极其有趣而且完全出乎意料的是，正常患者的细胞，在不改变他们的DNA的情况下，可以自行移动，并促使神经元在受损区域生长。第二练　科学发明
(分值：47.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2025·福建适应性考试)
Researchers at MIT created a high－tech pill that starts to vibrate (振动) once it makes contact with liquid in the user’s stomach and makes him or her feel full. The pill was reportedly thought up by Shriya Srinivasan, currently an assistant professor of bioengineering at Harvard University.
VIBES，short for Vibrating Ingestible BioElectronic Stimulator，was only recently made public in a study published in the Science journal，but it is already being announced by the media as the future of weight loss.Although it has yet to be tested on humans，trials on pigs have achieved very hopeful results. After about 30 minutes of VIBES activity，pigs consumed on average almost 40 percent less food in the next half hour than they did without the smart pill. Apparently, the revolutionary device works by activating stretch receptors in the stomach，modeling the presence of food.This in turn signals the hypothalamus (下丘脑) to increase the levels of hormones that make us feel full.The vibrating stimulator，which is about the size of a vitamin pill，is powered by an encased battery and activated either by the gastric fluid (胃液) breaking down the coat around the pill，or by an incorporated timer.After producing the desired effect，the pill exits the body with other solid waste.
The good news is that it is expected to have a cost in the cents to one dollar range，and researchers say that it may eventually be possible to implant the stimulator and thus remove the need for people to constantly swallow it.
“Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of a low－cost，non－operative intervention to reduce food intake and calorie consumption. The device functions effectively in the stomach and leads to fullness，” said Giovanni Traverso，co－author of the study.“The device has the potential to revolutionize options for weight loss treatment.However，future studies will be needed to explore the physiological effects of the device before it’s available for patients.”
Researchers are now exploring ways to scale up the producing of VIBES capsules which could enable clinical trials on humans.
1.What is the outcome of taking the pill
Liquid production.
Food storage.
A sensation of fullness.
Recovery of users.
2.Which aspect of the device is mentioned in paragraph 2
Its working principle.
Its intelligence.
Its testing history.
Its side effect.
3.What is the researchers’ ultimate goal of the device
To produce gastric fluid with it.
To destroy the coat around it.
To fix it in the human body.
To remove solid waste from it.
4.What is Giovanni Traverso’s attitude towards the future of the device
Worried. Cautious.
Doubtful. Confused.
(2025·河南适应性考试)
An innovative creation will help transform treating diseases. Scientists at Tufts University and Harvard University’s Wyss Institute developed tiny biological robots “Anthrobots” from human cells. These Anthrobots possess the astonishing ability to move across surfaces and have exhibited a remarkable healing (治愈) effect by stimulating neuron (神经元) growth in damaged lab dish regions. This discovery serves as a crucial stepping stone toward the researchers’ vision of employing biological robots as innovative tools for healing，and disease treatment.
This breakthrough originates from earlier research conducted by Michael Levin，Professor of Biology at Tufts University School of Arts & Sciences，and Josh Bongard at the University of Vermont.They once created biological robots called Xenobots from frog cells，capable of various functions including self－copying，for a limited number of cycles.However，it was unclear if biological robots could be formed using cells from other species.
In their latest study，Levin and Tufts PhD student Gizem Gumuskaya discovered that Anthrobots can indeed be crafted from adult human cells，with capabilities outperforming those observed in Xenobots.
Anthrobots showed the ability to move across a surface covered in human neurons grown in a lab dish，facilitating new growth to fill gaps caused by cell layer damage.
“It is extremely interesting and completely unexpected that normal patients’ cells，without changing their DNA，can move on their own and encourage neuron growth across a region of damage.We’re now looking at how the healing mechanism works，and asking what else these constructs can do，” says Levin.
One of the main advantages of using human cells lies in constructing biological robots from a patient’s cells to perform healing tasks without leading to immune (免疫的) responses. These Anthrobots naturally break down after a few weeks and can be easily absorbed into the body once their function is complete.
Anthrobots can only survive under specific laboratory conditions，posing no risk of exposure or unintended spread outside the controlled environment.They do not reproduce，have no genetic changes，and therefore carry no risk of developing beyond safety measures.
5.What do Anthrobots do in healing patients
Replace human cells.
Facilitate neuron growth.
Create new human cells.
Move across tissue surfaces.
6.What does the underlined word “crafted” in paragraph 3 mean
Made. Divided.
Copied. Designed.
7.What is one of the main advantages of Anthrobots
They can be easily created from patients’ cells.
They can be used in many controlled environments.
They can avoid causing immune responses.
They can have genetic changes when necessary.
8.Which magazine is the text most probably taken from
Advanced Science.
Sportsnet Magazine.
Art in America.
National Geography.
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
(2025·福建适应性考试)
Aesthetic (审美的) education aims to enhance aesthetic perception, experience aesthetic qualities，stimulate aesthetic creativity, and promote aesthetic judgement.
If kids want to be able to appreciate natural wonders，shapes and pictures，they must be able to first notice them.This is why the development of the ability to notice the beautiful is the primary task of aesthetic education.__1__ Kids are incapable of noticing particular shapes if their ability to notice objects and forms is undeveloped.The aesthetic relationship begins with the noticing of aesthetic qualities.
__2__ This means that they generate emotional responses like excitement and joy，enriching individuals’ emotional lives and inspiring artistic expression.The ability to experience feelings aesthetically must also be developed.The cognitive (认知的) elements of the processes that we experience during noticing must also include emotional tones with which we form impressions.__3__ The aim of this task is，with the aid of aesthetic qualities，to enrich the emotional life of children and young people and the development of a sense for aesthetic values.
It is essential to allow children to participate in activities that will develop their creative abilities.__4__ Instead, it is about creativity in the creation of aesthetic values in everyday life.We are not simply born with creative abilities which have to be developed.
Judging or evaluating aesthetic qualities demands formed evaluation criteria. In order to reveal beauty’s true value，we must be familiar with its particularities.Throughout the process of aesthetic education，various types of knowledge，abilities and evaluation criteria must be applied.__5__
A.Aesthetic qualities have to be felt.
B.Beauty can be found all around us.
C.The beautiful will be likely to be created.
D.And it is these that the aesthetic experience is built upon.
E.In some way, this is the ability to perceive aesthetic qualities.
F.This way，the child will develop the foundations for assessing the beautiful.
G.This is not so much about creating aesthetic abilities in the sense of training artists.
1.　　　　　　
2.　　　　　　
3.　　　　　　
4.　　　　　　
5.　　　　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2024·福建莆田二模)
It was like finding a needle in a haystack.Shelly Romo surveyed what was __1__ of her home in Maui，which was hit by a deadly wildfire，hoping to find her wedding ring，expecting to leave __2__.But luckily，after three hours’ __3__ with volunteers，it finally appeared，the diamond __4__ but the band completely damaged.Romo and her husband went straight to No Ka’ Oi Jewelers—a local business that has been __5__ fire－damaged jewelry free of charge.
No Ka’ Oi owner Omi Chamdi said he was one of the __6__ ones—the fires had avoided his home and storefront.That’s why，in its aftermath，he immediately sprang into action and advertised __7__restorations.“When the fires here on Maui occurred，pretty __8__ I decided this is something I can do and I really want to do for the __9__ community.”
However，Chamdi doesn’t restore the jewelry himself；__10__ he has been paying for the restoration services.When asked if he ever __11__ that，he shook his head.“These are not just ordinary items，these are the most __12__ possessions that people go back and dig through the __13__ to find.”
__14__，Romo was not ready to say goodbye when the fires destroyed her home.But finding her wedding ring and getting it restored gave Romo some peace about __15__.
1.expected reminded
left robbed
2.bright－eyed light－hearted
absent－minded empty－handed
3.talks journey
waiting efforts
4.sound broken
solid gone
5.recycling restoring
marketing advertising
6.distinctive lucky
helpful anxious
7.perfect extra
free instant
8.quickly excitedly
cautiously hesitantly
9.affected nearby
calm united
10.therefore otherwise
nevertheless instead
11.expected enjoyed
rejected regretted
12.precious necessary
beautiful expensive
13.items houses
ruins boxes
14.Eventually Originally
Gradually Naturally
15.rising up moving on
giving in taking off
A篇 Para.1：make contact with...与……接触　Para.2：encased adj.包装的；被包住的　activate v.使活动；激活；使活化　incorporate v.将……包括在内；包含；吸收；使并入　revolution n.革命→revolutionary adj.革命的；彻底变革的；巨变的　stimulate v.刺激(身体器官)；鼓励；刺激→stimulator n.刺激物→stimulus n.促进因素；激励因素；刺激物　Para.4：intervene v.出面，介入；阻碍，阻挠，干扰→intervention n.干预，介入；调停　Para.5：clinical adj.临床的；临床诊断的　scale up增加；扩大
B篇 Para.1：innovative adj.引进新思想的，采用新方法的；革新的，创新的　transform v.使改变形态 astonishing adj.令人十分惊讶的，使人大为惊奇的，难以置信的　stimulate v.促进，激发；刺激 Para.2：originate from源于　Para.3：outperform v.做得比……更好，胜过　Para.6：be absorbed into被吸收进；被同化
七选五 Para.1：perception n.知觉，感知；看法，见解；洞察力，悟性　Para.5：criterion n.(判断的)标准(复数criteria)　particularity n.特征，特性，细节，详情
B篇 译文：极其有趣而且完全出乎意料的是，正常患者的细胞，在不改变他们的DNA的情况下，可以自行移动，并促使神经元在受损区域生长。(共36张PPT)
高考同源热点练
第二练　科学发明
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·福建适应性考试)
Researchers at MIT created a high－tech pill that starts to vibrate (振动) once it makes contact with liquid in the user’s stomach and makes him or her feel full. The pill was reportedly thought up by Shriya Srinivasan, currently an assistant professor of bioengineering at Harvard University.
VIBES，short for Vibrating Ingestible BioElectronic Stimulator，was only recently made public in a study published in the Science journal，but it is already being announced by the media as the future of weight loss.Although it has yet to be tested on humans，trials on pigs have achieved very hopeful results. After about 30 minutes of VIBES activity，pigs consumed on average almost 40 percent less food in the next half hour than they did without the smart pill. Apparently, the revolutionary device works by activating stretch receptors in the stomach，modeling the presence of food.This in turn signals the hypothalamus (下丘脑) to increase the levels of hormones that make us feel full.The vibrating stimulator，which is about the size of a vitamin pill，is powered by an encased battery and activated either by the gastric fluid (胃液) breaking down the coat around the pill，or by an incorporated timer.After producing the desired effect，the pill exits the body with other solid waste.
The good news is that it is expected to have a cost in the cents to one dollar range，and researchers say that it may eventually be possible to implant the stimulator and thus remove the need for people to constantly swallow it.
“Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of a low－cost，non－operative intervention to reduce food intake and calorie consumption. The device functions effectively in the stomach and leads to fullness，” said Giovanni Traverso，co－author of the study.“The device has the potential to revolutionize options for weight loss treatment.However，future studies will be needed to explore the physiological effects of the device before it’s available for patients.”
Researchers are now exploring ways to scale up the producing of VIBES capsules which could enable clinical trials on humans.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院的研究人员研发出了一款神奇的药丸，人吃上这种药丸就会产生饱腹感，从而减少食物摄入量，达到减肥的效果。
1.What is the outcome of taking the pill
A.Liquid production.
B.Food storage.
C.A sensation of fullness.
D.Recovery of users.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“once it makes contact with liquid in the user’s stomach and makes him or her feel full”可知，一旦吃上这种药片，人就会产生饱腹感。
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2.Which aspect of the device is mentioned in paragraph 2
A.Its working principle. B.Its intelligence.
C.Its testing history. D.Its side effect.
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“the revolutionary device works by activating...exits the body with other solid waste”可知，这种革命性的装置的工作原理是激活胃中的牵张感受器，模拟食物的存在。这反过来又使下丘脑增加能使我们感到饱腹的激素水平。振动刺激器由被包裹的电池供电，通过胃液分解药丸周围的涂层，或由被包含的定时器激活。在产生预期的效果后，药丸与其他固体废物一起离开身体。由此可见，本段讲到了该设备的工作原理。
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3.What is the researchers’ ultimate goal of the device
A.To produce gastric fluid with it.
B.To destroy the coat around it.
C.To fix it in the human body.
D.To remove solid waste from it.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“it may eventually be possible to implant the stimulator and thus remove the need for people to constantly swallow it”可知，研究人员希望最终将该刺激器植入体内，从而使人们不必不断吞下它。
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4.What is Giovanni Traverso’s attitude towards the future of the device
A.Worried. B.Cautious.
C.Doubtful. D.Confused.
解析 观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中Giovanni Traverso 所说的话“future studies will be needed to explore the physiological effects of the device before it’s available for patients”可知，在该设备上市之前还需要进行研究以探索其生理效应。据此可以推断，Giovanni Traverso对该设备的前景持谨慎态度。
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(2025·河南适应性考试)
An innovative creation will help transform treating diseases. Scientists at Tufts University and Harvard University’s Wyss Institute developed tiny biological robots “Anthrobots” from human cells. These Anthrobots possess the astonishing ability to move across surfaces and have exhibited a remarkable healing (治愈) effect by stimulating neuron (神经元) growth in damaged lab dish regions. This discovery serves as a crucial stepping stone toward the researchers’ vision of employing biological robots as innovative tools for healing，and disease treatment.
This breakthrough originates from earlier research conducted by Michael Levin，Professor of Biology at Tufts University School of Arts & Sciences，and Josh Bongard at the University of Vermont.They once created biological robots called Xenobots from frog cells，capable of various functions including self－copying，for a limited number of cycles.However，it was unclear if biological robots could be formed using cells from other species.
In their latest study，Levin and Tufts PhD student Gizem Gumuskaya discovered that Anthrobots can indeed be crafted from adult human cells，with capabilities outperforming those observed in Xenobots.
Anthrobots showed the ability to move across a surface covered in human neurons grown in a lab dish，facilitating new growth to fill gaps caused by cell layer damage.
“It is extremely interesting and completely unexpected that normal patients’ cells，without changing their DNA，can move on their own and encourage neuron growth across a region of damage.We’re now looking at how the healing mechanism works，and asking what else these constructs can do，” says Levin.
One of the main advantages of using human cells lies in constructing biological robots from a patient’s cells to perform healing tasks without leading to immune (免疫的) responses. These Anthrobots naturally break down after a few weeks and can be easily absorbed into the body once their function is complete.
Anthrobots can only survive under specific laboratory conditions，posing no risk of exposure or unintended spread outside the controlled environment.They do not reproduce，have no genetic changes，and therefore carry no risk of developing beyond safety measures.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家利用人类细胞研发出微型生物机器人，它展现出很多优点，包括优越于先前的“青蛙细胞生物机器人”，且该机器人只能在特定的实验室条件下生存，不会引发其他风险。
5.What do Anthrobots do in healing patients
A.Replace human cells.
B.Facilitate neuron growth.
C.Create new human cells.
D.Move across tissue surfaces.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“have exhibited a remarkable healing(治愈)...damaged lab dish regions”可知，该人类细胞生物机器人通过刺激病灶区神经元的生长展现出惊人的治愈效果。由此可知，该微型机器人在治愈病人方面是通过促进神经元生长的方式来完成的。
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6.What does the underlined word “crafted” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Made. B.Divided.
C.Copied. D.Designed.
解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句可知，Anthrobots可以从人类细胞中研制出来。第三段内容肯定了第一段第二句说明的事实，即“Anthrobots确实可以从人类细胞中研制出来”。画线词与make的含义最接近。
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7.What is one of the main advantages of Anthrobots
A.They can be easily created from patients’ cells.
B.They can be used in many controlled environments.
C.They can avoid causing immune responses.
D.They can have genetic changes when necessary.
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“One of the main advantages of using human cells lies in...without leading to immune(免疫的) responses.”可知，这种从病人的细胞中构建的微型生物机器人执行愈合任务，不会导致免疫反应。
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8.Which magazine is the text most probably taken from
A.Advanced Science. B.Sportsnet Magazine.
C.Art in America. D.National Geography.
解析 文章出处题。本文主要讲述科学家从人类细胞中研发了微型生物机器人，这种机器人优于先前的“青蛙细胞生物机器人”。由此可推知，本文最有可能摘自《前沿科学》杂志。
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Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·福建适应性考试)
Aesthetic (审美的) education aims to enhance aesthetic perception, experience aesthetic qualities，stimulate aesthetic creativity, and promote aesthetic judgement.
If kids want to be able to appreciate natural wonders，shapes and pictures，they must be able to first notice them.This is why the development of the ability to notice the beautiful is the primary task of aesthetic education.__1__ Kids are incapable of noticing particular shapes if their ability to notice objects and forms is undeveloped.The aesthetic relationship begins with the noticing of aesthetic qualities.
__2__ This means that they generate emotional responses like excitement and joy，enriching individuals’ emotional lives and inspiring artistic expression.The ability to experience feelings aesthetically must also be developed.The cognitive (认知的) elements of the processes that we experience during noticing must also include emotional tones with which we form impressions.__3__ The aim of this task is，with the aid of aesthetic qualities，to enrich the emotional life of children and young people and the development of a sense for aesthetic values.
It is essential to allow children to participate in activities that will develop their creative abilities.__4__ Instead, it is about creativity in the creation of aesthetic values in everyday life.We are not simply born with creative abilities which have to be developed.
Judging or evaluating aesthetic qualities demands formed evaluation criteria. In order to reveal beauty’s true value，we must be familiar with its particularities.Throughout the process of aesthetic education，various types of knowledge，abilities and evaluation criteria must be applied.__5__
A.Aesthetic qualities have to be felt.
B.Beauty can be found all around us.
C.The beautiful will be likely to be created.
D.And it is these that the aesthetic experience is built upon.
E.In some way, this is the ability to perceive aesthetic qualities.
F.This way，the child will develop the foundations for assessing the beautiful.
G.This is not so much about creating aesthetic abilities in the sense of training artists.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了审美教育的目的是增强审美感知、体验审美品质、激发审美创造力和提高审美判断力。
1.B [空前讲到了培养发现美的能力是审美教育的首要任务，而空后讲到了如果孩子们注意物体和形状的能力不发达，那么他们就不能注意到特定的形状，B项“美就在我们身边。”讲到了美的来源，既能承接上文，也能引出下文。]
2.A [首段讲到了审美教育的四个目的，结合上下段可知，该段对应第二个目的：体验审美品质，A项“审美品质必须被感知。”承接上文，且能引出空后的“这意味着它们会产生兴奋和快乐等情感反应，丰富个人的情感生活，激发艺术表达。”。]
3.D [空前讲到了“我们在注意美的过程中所经历的认知元素也必须包括我们形成印象时使用的情感色彩。”，因此，空处讲到的应该是必须包括情感色彩的原因，D项“它们正是审美经历形成的基础。”符合语境。]
4.G [根据空后的“Instead”可知，空处与下文形成了转折，结合空后的“相反，它是关于在日常生活中创造审美价值的创造力”可知，G项“这并不是说要培养所谓艺术家的审美能力。”符合语境。故选G。]
5.F [结合上文中的“在整个审美教育的过程中，必须运用各种类型的知识、能力和评价标准。”可知，空处应该会讲到这样做的意义和影响，F项“这样，孩子就能为判断美打下基础。”符合语境。故选F。]
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2024·福建莆田二模)
It was like finding a needle in a haystack.Shelly Romo surveyed what was __1__ of her home in Maui，which was hit by a deadly wildfire，hoping to find her wedding ring，expecting to leave __2__.But luckily，after three hours’ __3__ with volunteers，it finally appeared，the diamond __4__ but the band completely damaged.Romo and her husband went straight to No Ka’ Oi Jewelers—a local business that has been __5__ fire－damaged jewelry free of charge.
No Ka’ Oi owner Omi Chamdi said he was one of the __6__ ones—the fires had avoided his home and storefront.That’s why，in its aftermath，he immediately sprang into action and advertised __7__ restorations.“When the fires here on Maui occurred，pretty __8__ I decided this is something I can do and I really want to do for the __9__ community.”
However，Chamdi doesn’t restore the jewelry himself；__10__ he has been paying for the restoration services.When asked if he ever __11__ that，he shook his head.“These are not just ordinary items，these are the most __12__ possessions that people go back and dig through the __13__ to find.”
__14__，Romo was not ready to say goodbye when the fires destroyed her home.But finding her wedding ring and getting it restored gave Romo some peace about __15__.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Shelly Romo在遭受火灾的房屋里找到了自己的结婚戒指，并在一家珠宝店将其免费修复。店主Omi Chamdi在火灾发生后想为受灾社区做点事情，于是一直在为修复服务买单。
1.A.expected B.reminded
C.left D.robbed
解析 根据上文“It was like finding a needle in a haystack.(这就像大海捞针一样。)”和下文“hoping to find her wedding ring”可知，Shelly Romo查看被烧毁的房屋残骸，看看还留下了什么，故选C。
2.A.bright－eyed B.light－hearted
C.absent－minded D.empty－handed
解析 根据下文“But luckily”以及“it finally appeared”可知，下文提到戒指出现了，此处与下文是转折关系，故此处指预计会空手而归。
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3.A.talks B.journey
C.waiting D.efforts
解析 结合下文“it finally appeared”可知，经过志愿者三个小时的努力，戒指被找到了。
4.A.sound B.broken
C.solid D.gone
解析 根据下文“but the band completely damaged”可知，此处和“completely damaged”意义相反，指钻石完好无损，sound完好的。
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5.A.recycling B.restoring
C.marketing D.advertising
解析 结合空后的“fire－damaged jewelry free of charge”以及下一段中“restorations”可知，此处指修复被火灾损坏的珠宝。
6.A.distinctive B.lucky
C.helpful D.anxious
解析 根据“the fires had avoided his home and storefront”可知，大火没有烧到他的家和店面，所以他是幸运的。
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√
7.A.perfect B.extra
C.free D.instant
解析 根据上文“a local business that has been ________ fire－damaged jewelry free of charge”可知，此处指店主宣传免费修复。
8.A.quickly B.excitedly
C.cautiously D.hesitantly
解析 根据上文“in its aftermath，he immediately sprang into action”可知，Chamdi很快决定做这件事。
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9.A.affected B.nearby
C.calm D.united
解析 根据“When the fires here on Maui occurred”可知，此处指为受火灾影响的社区做点事情。
10.A.therefore B.otherwise
C.nevertheless D.instead
解析 根据上文“Chamdi doesn’t restore the jewelry himself”可知，Chamdi自己不修复珠宝；相反，他一直在为修复服务买单。
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11.A.expected B.enjoyed
C.rejected D.regretted
解析 结合“he shook his head”以及下文他谈到做这件事的意义可知，此处指他被问及是否后悔。
12.A.precious B.necessary
C.beautiful D.expensive
解析 根据上文“These are not just ordinary items”可知，这些不仅仅是普通的东西，是珍贵的财产。
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13.A.items B.houses
C.ruins D.boxes
解析 根据上文“Shelly Romo surveyed what was ________ of her home in Maui，which was hit by a deadly wildfire”可知，Romo在遭受火灾的房子里寻找戒指以及空前的“dig through”可知，此处指在废墟中挖掘出自己最珍贵的财产。
14.A.Eventually B.Originally
C.Gradually D.Naturally
解析 根据下文“Romo was not ready to say goodbye”以及“But finding her wedding ring and getting it restored gave Romo some peace”可知，此处是按时间先后描写Romo的心境，起初Romo还没有准备好说再见。
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15.A.rising up B.moving on
C.giving in D.taking off
解析 根据上文“Romo was not ready to say goodbye when the fires destroyed her home”以及本句中“But”可知，Romo起初没有准备好说再见，但是找到并修复好戒指让Romo对继续前进感到平静，指告别过去，继续前进。
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二次精读
A篇 Para.1：make contact with...与……接触　Para.2：encased adj.包装的；被包住的　activate v.使活动；激活；使活化　incorporate v.将……包括在内；包含；吸收；使并入　revolution n.革命→revolutionary adj.革命的；彻底变革的；巨变的　stimulate v.刺激(身体器官)；鼓励；刺激→stimulator n.刺激物→stimulus n.促进因素；激励因素；刺激物　Para.4：intervene v.出面，介入；阻碍，阻挠，干扰→intervention n.干预，介入；调停　
Para.5：clinical adj.临床的；临床诊断的　scale up增加；扩大
B篇 Para.1：innovative adj.引进新思想的，采用新方法的；革新的，创新的　transform v.使改变形态　astonishing adj.令人十分惊讶的，使人大为惊奇的，难以置信的　stimulate v.促进，激发；刺激　Para.2：originate from源于　Para.3：outperform v.做得比……更好，胜过　Para.6：be absorbed into被吸收进；被同化
七选五 Para.1：perception n.知觉，感知；看法，见解；洞察力，悟性　
Para.5：criterion n.(判断的)标准(复数criteria)　particularity n.特征，特性，细节，详情
B篇
译文：极其有趣而且完全出乎意料的是，正常患者的细胞，在不改变他们的DNA的情况下，可以自行移动，并促使神经元在受损区域生长。

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