高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第一册知识清单素材

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高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第一册知识清单素材

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高二寒假复习——选修一第一单元到第五单元知识清单
第一单元
1 commit vt.承诺;保证;花(钱或时间) vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)(committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的 commitment n.投入;奉献;承诺)
·commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)承诺/保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
commit sth to (doing) sth 将(时间或金钱)花在(做)某事上
·be committed to (doing) sth/commit oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事
·make a commitment 作出承诺
2 acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢 (acknowledgement n.承认;感谢;收件复函)
acknowledge sb/sth as/to be...认为某人/某物是……;承认某人/某物是……
acknowledge doing/having done sth 承认做了某事
acknowledge that...承认……
It is universally/widely acknowledged that...……是大家公认的。
4 insist vt.& vi.坚持;坚决要求
·insist on (doing) sth 坚决要求/坚持(做)某事
·insist作“坚决要求”讲时,后接宾语从句,从句谓语动词用虚拟语气,形式为“should+动词原形”,should可省略;作“坚持认为”讲时,从句用陈述语气,根据需要选择相应的时态。
5 conclusion n.结论;推论(conclude vt.断定;推断出)
·in conclusion最后;总之
come to/reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion得出结论
·conclude...with sth/by doing sth 以……结束
to conclude 总之
conclude from...从……中得出结论
6 circumstance n.[usually pl.]条件;环境;状况
under/in no circumstances无论如何都不,决不(置于句首,句子用部分倒装)
under/in the circumstances在这种情况下;既然如此
if circumstances permit/allow如果情况允许的话
7 consequence n.结果,后果(consequent adj.作为结果的;随之发生的 consequently adv.因此)
as a consequence=in consequence=consequently=as a result因此
as/in a consequence of=as a result of因为……;由于……
take the consequences承担后果
8 upon doing...  
Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine...”当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我……”
·upon/on doing (that)...“一……就……”,表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生。
·“一……就……”的其他表达方式:as soon as,the moment/minute/instant,immediately/directly/instantly,no sooner...than...,hardly...when...等。
9 it作形式主语  
It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。
it作形式主语的常用句式:
·It be+an honour+for sb to do sth/It be one’s honour+to do sth
·It be+过去分词(said,thought,believed,supposed,reported...)+that从句
·It be+形容词(strange,important,vital,obvious,possible...)+that从句
·It be+名词短语(a pity,a shame,a fact,a good idea,no wonder...)+that从句
·It+不及物动词(occur,happen,seem...)+that从句
第二单元
1 persuade vt.劝说;说服(persuasive adj.有说服力的 persuasion n.说服;劝说)
persuade sb to do sth=persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事
persuade sb not to do sth=persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不做某事
try to persuade sb to do sth=advise sb to do sth 试图说服某人做某事(未必成功)
2 command vt.命令;控制 n.指令;命令;掌握;控制
·command sb to do sth 命令某人做某事
command that...(should) do...命令……
·at one’s command听某人支配
take command of控制;指挥
have a good command of/have a good knowledge of/master...掌握……;精通……
3 combine vt.& vi.(使)结合;混合(combination n.结合;联合;组合)
·combine sth with/and sth把……与……结合
be combined with与……结合/联合
· in combination with与……联合
4 oppose vt.反对;抵制;阻挠(opposed adj.反对的;对立的 opposite adj.对面的;相反的 opposition n.反对)
·oppose (doing) sth 反对(做)某事
oppose sb/sb’s doing sth 反对某人做某事
·be opposed to (doing) sth 反对(做)某事
5 absence n.缺席;不在(某处);[U]缺乏;不存在(absent adj.缺席的;不在的;心不在焉的 absent-minded adj.心不在焉的;健忘的)
·in the absence of sb=in one’s absence某人不在时
in the absence of sth 缺乏……;没有……
absence of mind心不在焉
·be absent from不参加;缺席
6 in this sense (in...sense)从这种(某种)意义上来讲
make sense of弄懂……的意思;理解
make sense有道理;有意义;讲得通
make no sense 没道理;没意义
in a sense从某种意义上说
in no sense决不(置于句首时要用部分倒装结构)
common sense常识
a sense of belonging/humour/direction/duty归属感/幽默感/方向感/责任感
There’s no/little sense (in) doing sth.做某事没道理/没意义。
7 keep in touch (with)(与……)保持联系;了解(某课题或领域的情况)
·stay in touch (with)(与……)保持联系
be in touch (with)(与……)有联系
be out of touch (with)(与……)失去联系
以上三个短语表状态,可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
·get in touch (with)(与……)取得联系
lose touch (with)(与……)失去联系
以上两个短语表示动作,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
自从我们十年前取得联系,我们已经保持联系十年了。我真的相信我们再也不会失去联系了。
We have been/stayed/kept in touch with each other for ten years since we got in touch ten years ago.I do believe that we will never lose touch with each other.
8 It will take+时间段+before...  
Nevertheless,it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.然而,要让大多数新住宅开始使用这项新技术还需要几年的时间。
·It will take+时间段+before从句(一般现在时) “在……之前要花一段时间”
It will be+时间段+before从句(一般现在时) “要过一段时间才……”
It wasn’t long+before从句(一般过去时) “没过多久就……”
It won’t be long+before从句(一般现在时) “过不了多久就会……”
·It is/has been+一段时间+since从句 “自从……有多长时间了”
9 as引导的状语从句  
It has also made finding opportunities in life much easier,as it allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media.它(互联网)还使人们在生活中更加容易找到机会,因为它让人们能够通过社交媒体建立更大的朋友圈。
as作连词,可引导以下几种状语从句:
·as引导原因状语从句,意为“由于,因为”。
·as引导时间状语从句,意为“当……时候;随着……”。
·as引导方式状语从句,意为“按照……;照着……”。
·as引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然;尽管”,需将后面的表语、状语提到前面构成倒装句,即把句中的名词、形容词、副词、分词或实义动词提前。
(1)写出下列句子中as的汉语意思
①As time went by,the librarian grew increasingly interested in her occupation.随着
②Child as he is,he has a good command of English.尽管
③I oppose you continuing with the training,as you haven’t recovered from the knee injury.因为
(2)尽管我们又累又饿,但是我们从这次五千米越野赛跑中受益匪浅。(2020·新课标Ⅰ,应用文写作)
Exhausted and hungry as we were,we benefited a lot from the five-kilometer cross-country running race.(运用倒装句)
第三单元
1 ban vt.明令禁止;取缔 n.禁令
·ban sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事
·a ban on...对……的禁令
·表示“禁止某人做某事”的短语还有:
prohibit/forbid sb from doing sth
forbid sb to do sth
2 appeal vi.有感染力;有吸引力;呼吁;恳求;上诉 n.呼吁;恳求;吸引力;上诉(appealing adj.有吸引力的;恳求的)
·appeal to sb 吸引某人,使某人感兴趣
appeal to sb for sth 为某事恳求某人
appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁/恳求某人做某事
·make an appeal to sb for sth/to do sth为某事向某人恳求/呼吁
3 amuse vt.(提供)消遣;(使)娱乐{amused adj.逗乐的;觉得好笑的 amusing adj.逗人笑的;有趣的 amusement n.[C]娱乐(活动);[U]愉悦;娱乐}
·amuse sb/oneself with sth 以某事/某物逗乐某人/自己
·be amused at/by/with sth 以某事为乐;被……逗笑
·(much) to one’s amusement令某人(非常)高兴的是
in/with amusement愉快地
4 set out出发;启程;(怀着目标)开始工作
set aside留出;把……放置一旁;不理会;撤销
set off出发;引起;使爆炸
set up建立;准备;安排
set about doing sth=set out to do sth 着手/开始做某事
set down写下;记下
5 完全倒装  
Following the reindeer were the Sami people,who made this territory their home.
在驯鹿之后来的是萨米人,他们在这片土地上安家落户。
·当作表语的分词短语、形容词提到系动词前面时,句子构成完全倒装结构,即“分词短语/形容词+系动词+主语”结构。
·当out,in,into,down,up,away,here,now,then,there等表示方位和时间的副词和表示地点的介词短语置于句首,且主语是名词时,句子也使用完全倒装。若主语是代词,则不用倒装。
第四单元
1 vary vi.(根据情况)变化;改变(various adj.不同的;各种各样的 variety n.多样性;变化;种类)
·vary from...to...在……到……之间变化;从……到……不等
vary in sth 在某方面不同
vary with...随……而变化
·a variety of=varieties of=various多种多样的
2 approve vi.赞成,同意 vt.批准;通过(approval n.赞成;通过;同意;认可;批准 approving adj.赞许的;许可的 disapprove v.不赞成;不同意)
·approve of赞成,同意
approve sth 批准某事
·give one’s approval to sth 某人批准某事
win one’s approval得到某人的批准/同意
3 favour (NAmE -vor)vt.较喜欢;选择;有利于 n.帮助;恩惠;赞同(favourable adj.赞成的;有利的 favourite adj.最喜欢的)
·favour sth/doing sth 较喜欢某事/做某事
·ask sb a favour=ask a favour of sb 请求某人帮忙
do a favour for sb =do sb a favour帮某人一个忙
owe sb a favour欠某人的人情
in favour of赞成;支持
in sb’s favour对某人有利
4 occupy vt.占用;占领;占据(occupied adj.使用中;忙于;被占领的 occupation n.占领;职业)
·occupy sb/oneself with sth/in doing sth 忙于做某事;专心做某事
·be occupied with sth/in doing sth 忙于做某事
5 adjust vt.调整;调节 vi.& vt.适应;(使)习惯(adjustment n.调整;适应 adjustable adj.可调节的;可调整的)
·adjust (oneself) to (doing)...适应……;习惯……
adjust...to...调整……以适应……
·make an adjustment/adjustments作出调整
6 break down分解;(机器等)损坏,出故障;(谈判)失败;(身体)垮掉;消除;打破
break away (from)离开;脱离
break in(不及物)插嘴;闯入
break into(及物)闯入;突然……起来
break out爆发
break up分散;拆散;驱散;分手
break through突破;克服
in other words换句话说;也就是说
in a word总之;简言之
keep one’s word遵守诺言
break one’s word失信;不守诺言
have a word with...与……谈一谈
have words with sb和某人吵架
word came that...有消息传来说……
8 call on(短暂地)访问;要求(某人讲话等);正式邀请;呼吁;号召
call up给……打电话;(使)想起
call off=cancel取消
call for(公开)要求;需要
call in打电话来;召来,叫来;收回
call at拜访(地点);(火车等)停留
9 部分否定  
Of course,not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.
当然,不是所有抬着头的学生都是在认真听课。
·部分否定:当all,both,each,every,everybody,everyone,everything,always,whole,entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定副词not连用时,便构成了部分否定结构,意为“不是……都;并非……都”。
·全部否定:当neither,no one,no,none,never,nothing,no more,no longer,no way,not...any等表示否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用时,构成全部否定结构。
第五单元
1 devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于(常与介词to连用)(devoted adj.挚爱的;忠诚的 devotion n.奉献;忠诚;挚爱)
·devote...to (doing) sth 把……奉献给;把……专注于;献身;致力
devote oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事;献身于(做)某事
·be devoted to (doing) sth 专心于(做)某事;致力于(做)某事
2 convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服(convinced adj.确信的;坚信的 convincing adj.令人信服的)
·convince sb of sth 使某人确信/明白某事
convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
convince sb that...使某人相信……
·be convinced (that...)/of...(某人)坚信……
3 assumption n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得(assume v.假定;设想;承担;假装 assuming conj.假如)
·on the assumption that...假定……
make an assumption 作出臆断
·assume sb/sth (to be)+adj./n.假定/认为某人/某事(为)……
It is generally assumed that...人们普遍认为……
·assuming (that)...假设……
4 alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的(alternatively adv.可供选择地)
have no alternative but to do sth 别无选择只好做某事
an alternative to...……的替代品
5 in turn转而;相应地;反过来;依次;轮流
by turns轮流
take turns to do sth 轮流做某事
It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。
turn out结果是;生产;制造
6 given that引导的原因状语从句  
Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy,one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有,人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
given that+从句,用来说明已知事实,表示“鉴于,考虑到”。

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