资源简介 高二寒假复习——选修一第一单元到第五单元知识清单第一单元1 commit vt.承诺;保证;花(钱或时间) vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)(committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的 commitment n.投入;奉献;承诺)·commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)承诺/保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)commit sth to (doing) sth 将(时间或金钱)花在(做)某事上·be committed to (doing) sth/commit oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事·make a commitment 作出承诺2 acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢 (acknowledgement n.承认;感谢;收件复函)acknowledge sb/sth as/to be...认为某人/某物是……;承认某人/某物是……acknowledge doing/having done sth 承认做了某事acknowledge that...承认……It is universally/widely acknowledged that...……是大家公认的。4 insist vt.& vi.坚持;坚决要求·insist on (doing) sth 坚决要求/坚持(做)某事·insist作“坚决要求”讲时,后接宾语从句,从句谓语动词用虚拟语气,形式为“should+动词原形”,should可省略;作“坚持认为”讲时,从句用陈述语气,根据需要选择相应的时态。5 conclusion n.结论;推论(conclude vt.断定;推断出)·in conclusion最后;总之come to/reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion得出结论·conclude...with sth/by doing sth 以……结束to conclude 总之conclude from...从……中得出结论6 circumstance n.[usually pl.]条件;环境;状况under/in no circumstances无论如何都不,决不(置于句首,句子用部分倒装)under/in the circumstances在这种情况下;既然如此if circumstances permit/allow如果情况允许的话7 consequence n.结果,后果(consequent adj.作为结果的;随之发生的 consequently adv.因此)as a consequence=in consequence=consequently=as a result因此as/in a consequence of=as a result of因为……;由于……take the consequences承担后果8 upon doing... Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine...”当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我……”·upon/on doing (that)...“一……就……”,表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生。·“一……就……”的其他表达方式:as soon as,the moment/minute/instant,immediately/directly/instantly,no sooner...than...,hardly...when...等。9 it作形式主语 It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。it作形式主语的常用句式:·It be+an honour+for sb to do sth/It be one’s honour+to do sth·It be+过去分词(said,thought,believed,supposed,reported...)+that从句·It be+形容词(strange,important,vital,obvious,possible...)+that从句·It be+名词短语(a pity,a shame,a fact,a good idea,no wonder...)+that从句·It+不及物动词(occur,happen,seem...)+that从句第二单元1 persuade vt.劝说;说服(persuasive adj.有说服力的 persuasion n.说服;劝说)persuade sb to do sth=persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事persuade sb not to do sth=persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不做某事try to persuade sb to do sth=advise sb to do sth 试图说服某人做某事(未必成功)2 command vt.命令;控制 n.指令;命令;掌握;控制·command sb to do sth 命令某人做某事command that...(should) do...命令……·at one’s command听某人支配take command of控制;指挥have a good command of/have a good knowledge of/master...掌握……;精通……3 combine vt.& vi.(使)结合;混合(combination n.结合;联合;组合)·combine sth with/and sth把……与……结合be combined with与……结合/联合· in combination with与……联合4 oppose vt.反对;抵制;阻挠(opposed adj.反对的;对立的 opposite adj.对面的;相反的 opposition n.反对)·oppose (doing) sth 反对(做)某事oppose sb/sb’s doing sth 反对某人做某事·be opposed to (doing) sth 反对(做)某事5 absence n.缺席;不在(某处);[U]缺乏;不存在(absent adj.缺席的;不在的;心不在焉的 absent-minded adj.心不在焉的;健忘的)·in the absence of sb=in one’s absence某人不在时in the absence of sth 缺乏……;没有……absence of mind心不在焉·be absent from不参加;缺席6 in this sense (in...sense)从这种(某种)意义上来讲make sense of弄懂……的意思;理解make sense有道理;有意义;讲得通make no sense 没道理;没意义in a sense从某种意义上说in no sense决不(置于句首时要用部分倒装结构)common sense常识a sense of belonging/humour/direction/duty归属感/幽默感/方向感/责任感There’s no/little sense (in) doing sth.做某事没道理/没意义。7 keep in touch (with)(与……)保持联系;了解(某课题或领域的情况)·stay in touch (with)(与……)保持联系be in touch (with)(与……)有联系be out of touch (with)(与……)失去联系以上三个短语表状态,可与表示一段时间的状语连用。·get in touch (with)(与……)取得联系lose touch (with)(与……)失去联系以上两个短语表示动作,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。自从我们十年前取得联系,我们已经保持联系十年了。我真的相信我们再也不会失去联系了。We have been/stayed/kept in touch with each other for ten years since we got in touch ten years ago.I do believe that we will never lose touch with each other.8 It will take+时间段+before... Nevertheless,it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.然而,要让大多数新住宅开始使用这项新技术还需要几年的时间。·It will take+时间段+before从句(一般现在时) “在……之前要花一段时间”It will be+时间段+before从句(一般现在时) “要过一段时间才……”It wasn’t long+before从句(一般过去时) “没过多久就……”It won’t be long+before从句(一般现在时) “过不了多久就会……”·It is/has been+一段时间+since从句 “自从……有多长时间了”9 as引导的状语从句 It has also made finding opportunities in life much easier,as it allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media.它(互联网)还使人们在生活中更加容易找到机会,因为它让人们能够通过社交媒体建立更大的朋友圈。as作连词,可引导以下几种状语从句:·as引导原因状语从句,意为“由于,因为”。·as引导时间状语从句,意为“当……时候;随着……”。·as引导方式状语从句,意为“按照……;照着……”。·as引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然;尽管”,需将后面的表语、状语提到前面构成倒装句,即把句中的名词、形容词、副词、分词或实义动词提前。(1)写出下列句子中as的汉语意思①As time went by,the librarian grew increasingly interested in her occupation.随着②Child as he is,he has a good command of English.尽管③I oppose you continuing with the training,as you haven’t recovered from the knee injury.因为(2)尽管我们又累又饿,但是我们从这次五千米越野赛跑中受益匪浅。(2020·新课标Ⅰ,应用文写作)Exhausted and hungry as we were,we benefited a lot from the five-kilometer cross-country running race.(运用倒装句)第三单元1 ban vt.明令禁止;取缔 n.禁令·ban sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事·a ban on...对……的禁令·表示“禁止某人做某事”的短语还有:prohibit/forbid sb from doing sthforbid sb to do sth2 appeal vi.有感染力;有吸引力;呼吁;恳求;上诉 n.呼吁;恳求;吸引力;上诉(appealing adj.有吸引力的;恳求的)·appeal to sb 吸引某人,使某人感兴趣appeal to sb for sth 为某事恳求某人appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁/恳求某人做某事·make an appeal to sb for sth/to do sth为某事向某人恳求/呼吁3 amuse vt.(提供)消遣;(使)娱乐{amused adj.逗乐的;觉得好笑的 amusing adj.逗人笑的;有趣的 amusement n.[C]娱乐(活动);[U]愉悦;娱乐}·amuse sb/oneself with sth 以某事/某物逗乐某人/自己·be amused at/by/with sth 以某事为乐;被……逗笑·(much) to one’s amusement令某人(非常)高兴的是in/with amusement愉快地4 set out出发;启程;(怀着目标)开始工作set aside留出;把……放置一旁;不理会;撤销set off出发;引起;使爆炸set up建立;准备;安排set about doing sth=set out to do sth 着手/开始做某事set down写下;记下5 完全倒装 Following the reindeer were the Sami people,who made this territory their home.在驯鹿之后来的是萨米人,他们在这片土地上安家落户。·当作表语的分词短语、形容词提到系动词前面时,句子构成完全倒装结构,即“分词短语/形容词+系动词+主语”结构。·当out,in,into,down,up,away,here,now,then,there等表示方位和时间的副词和表示地点的介词短语置于句首,且主语是名词时,句子也使用完全倒装。若主语是代词,则不用倒装。第四单元1 vary vi.(根据情况)变化;改变(various adj.不同的;各种各样的 variety n.多样性;变化;种类)·vary from...to...在……到……之间变化;从……到……不等vary in sth 在某方面不同vary with...随……而变化·a variety of=varieties of=various多种多样的2 approve vi.赞成,同意 vt.批准;通过(approval n.赞成;通过;同意;认可;批准 approving adj.赞许的;许可的 disapprove v.不赞成;不同意)·approve of赞成,同意approve sth 批准某事·give one’s approval to sth 某人批准某事win one’s approval得到某人的批准/同意3 favour (NAmE -vor)vt.较喜欢;选择;有利于 n.帮助;恩惠;赞同(favourable adj.赞成的;有利的 favourite adj.最喜欢的)·favour sth/doing sth 较喜欢某事/做某事·ask sb a favour=ask a favour of sb 请求某人帮忙do a favour for sb =do sb a favour帮某人一个忙owe sb a favour欠某人的人情in favour of赞成;支持in sb’s favour对某人有利4 occupy vt.占用;占领;占据(occupied adj.使用中;忙于;被占领的 occupation n.占领;职业)·occupy sb/oneself with sth/in doing sth 忙于做某事;专心做某事·be occupied with sth/in doing sth 忙于做某事5 adjust vt.调整;调节 vi.& vt.适应;(使)习惯(adjustment n.调整;适应 adjustable adj.可调节的;可调整的)·adjust (oneself) to (doing)...适应……;习惯……adjust...to...调整……以适应……·make an adjustment/adjustments作出调整6 break down分解;(机器等)损坏,出故障;(谈判)失败;(身体)垮掉;消除;打破break away (from)离开;脱离break in(不及物)插嘴;闯入break into(及物)闯入;突然……起来break out爆发break up分散;拆散;驱散;分手break through突破;克服in other words换句话说;也就是说in a word总之;简言之keep one’s word遵守诺言break one’s word失信;不守诺言have a word with...与……谈一谈have words with sb和某人吵架word came that...有消息传来说……8 call on(短暂地)访问;要求(某人讲话等);正式邀请;呼吁;号召call up给……打电话;(使)想起call off=cancel取消call for(公开)要求;需要call in打电话来;召来,叫来;收回call at拜访(地点);(火车等)停留9 部分否定 Of course,not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.当然,不是所有抬着头的学生都是在认真听课。·部分否定:当all,both,each,every,everybody,everyone,everything,always,whole,entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定副词not连用时,便构成了部分否定结构,意为“不是……都;并非……都”。·全部否定:当neither,no one,no,none,never,nothing,no more,no longer,no way,not...any等表示否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用时,构成全部否定结构。第五单元1 devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于(常与介词to连用)(devoted adj.挚爱的;忠诚的 devotion n.奉献;忠诚;挚爱)·devote...to (doing) sth 把……奉献给;把……专注于;献身;致力devote oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事;献身于(做)某事·be devoted to (doing) sth 专心于(做)某事;致力于(做)某事2 convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服(convinced adj.确信的;坚信的 convincing adj.令人信服的)·convince sb of sth 使某人确信/明白某事convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事convince sb that...使某人相信……·be convinced (that...)/of...(某人)坚信……3 assumption n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得(assume v.假定;设想;承担;假装 assuming conj.假如)·on the assumption that...假定……make an assumption 作出臆断·assume sb/sth (to be)+adj./n.假定/认为某人/某事(为)……It is generally assumed that...人们普遍认为……·assuming (that)...假设……4 alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的(alternatively adv.可供选择地)have no alternative but to do sth 别无选择只好做某事an alternative to...……的替代品5 in turn转而;相应地;反过来;依次;轮流by turns轮流take turns to do sth 轮流做某事It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。turn out结果是;生产;制造6 given that引导的原因状语从句 Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy,one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有,人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。given that+从句,用来说明已知事实,表示“鉴于,考虑到”。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览