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2024-2025学年高中英语时文精读课程外刊改编Week 19
西藏日喀则地震
Powerful earthquake kills nearly 100 in Tibet, rattles Nepal
By Joe Cash and Gopal Sharma
January 7, 2025 4:22 PM GMT+8 Updated a min ago
Summary
Strong quake causes damage near one of Tibet’s holiest cities
At least 95 dead, 130 injured on Tibetan side, CCTV reports
Tremors also felt in Nepal, Bhutan and Northern India
No reports of damage, lives lost around Everest, Nepal authorities say
1. 原文改编语法填空
用单词的适当形式完成短文。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（共10小题，每小题1.5分，记15分）（谓语/非谓语/从句/介词/冠词/派生，难度：白银——题源: 路透社）
BEIJING/KATHMANDU Jan 7 (Reuters) - A magnitude 6.8 earthquake 1 (rock) the northern foothills of the Himalayas near one of Tibet’s holiest cities on Tuesday, Chinese authorities said, 2 (kill) at least 95 people and shaking buildings in neighbouring Nepal, Bhutan and India.
The quake hit at 9:05 a.m. (0105 GMT), with its epicentre located in Tingri, a rural county known as the northern gateway to the Everest region, at 3 depth of 10 km (6.2 miles), according to the China Earthquake Networks Centre. The U.S. Geological Service put the quake’s magnitude at 7.1.
At least 95 people were known to have been killed and 130 injured on the Tibetan side, China’s state-run television reported six hours later. There were no reports of deaths elsewhere.
Southwestern parts of China, Nepal and northern India are 4 (frequent) hit by earthquakes caused by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates.
Tuesday’s epicentre was around 80 km (50 miles) north of Mount Everest, the world’s highest mountain and a popular destination for climbers and trekkers.
Winter is not a popular season for climbers and hikers in Nepal, with a German climber being the lone 5 (mountain) with a permit to climb Mount Everest. He had already left the base camp after failing to reach the summit, Lilathar Awasthi, a Department of Tourism official, said.
Nepal’s National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority (NDRRMA) said the tremors were felt in seven hill districts 6 (border) Tibet.
“So far we 7 (receive) no information of any loss of life and property,” NDRRMA spokesman Dizan Bhattarai told Reuters. “We have mobilised police, security forces and local authorities 8 (collect) information,” he said.
Many villages in the Nepalese border area, 9 are sparsely populated, are remote and can only be reached by foot.
The impact of the quake was felt across the Shigatse region of Tibet, home 10 800,000 people. The region is administered by Shigatse city, the traditional seat of the Panchen Lama, one of the most important figures in Tibetan Buddhism.
Damaged houses are pictured after an earthquake at a village in Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China January 7, 2025. (Xinhua via REUTERS) Nepalese people stand after rushing out of their homes after experiencing an earthquake in Kathmandu, Nepal, Jan.7, 2025. (AP Photo)
Chinese President Xi Jinping said all-out search and rescue efforts should be carried out to minimise casualties, properly resettle the affected people, and ensure a safe and warm winter.
More than 1,500 local firefighters and rescue workers have been dispatched to the affected areas, China’s Xinhua news agency reported.
Some 22,000 items including cotton tents, cotton coats, quilts and folding beds have also been sent to the quake-hit region, it said.
参考答案：
rocked killing a frequently mountaineer
bordering have received to collect which to
拓展练习
第三部分 语言知识运用（四川省成都市2023~2024学年度上期期末高二年级调研考试）
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is affected by natural disasters easily. When a disaster 56 (strike), how a country responds to disasters makes the difference between life and death. Since the 2008Wenchuan earthquake, from which China suffered 57 (serious), disaster prevention and control have become top priorities for the Chinese government. One important aspect is the establishment of an 58 (effect) earthquake monitoring and early warning system. The China Earthquake Networks Center will confirm the location and magnitude(里氏级) 59 sending out alarm messages to the public.
China’s ability to respond to disasters stands out, as it can quickly deploy(部署) rescue forces and resources. It 60 (establish) 27 professional teams for various types of rescue work so far, 61 ensures a 24 hour on duty emergency response.
China also has an outstanding ability in post disaster 62 (recover) and reconstruction. The reason is that it is able to organize and combine resources from various departments 63 (repair) basic facilities and restore essential services such as power, water supply and communication. This reduces 64 impact of secondary disasters and helps those affected by disasters rebuild their lives.
Disaster relief is a comprehensive effort that requires a whole society working together. China sets an example of how to prevent loss and save lives by 65 (put) people first.
2. 延展泛读——该报道后半部分
TREMORS, AFTERSHOCKS
Villages in Tingri, where the average elevation is around 4,000-5,000 metres (13,000-16,000 feet), reported strong shaking during the quake, which was followed by dozens of aftershocks with magnitudes of up to 4.4.
Crumbled shop fronts could be seen in a video on social media showing the aftermath in the town of Lhatse, with debris spilling out onto the road.
Reuters was able to confirm the location based on nearby buildings, windows, road layout, and signage that match satellite and street view imagery.
There are three townships and 27 villages within 20 km (12 miles) of the epicentre, with a total population of around 6,900, and more than 1,000 houses have been damaged, Xinhua reported.
Local government officials were liaising with nearby towns to gauge the impact of the quake and check for casualties, and China closed the Everest region to tourists after the quake, it added.
The Tingri tremor was caused by a rupture in what is known as the Lhasa block in an area under north-south compression and west-east stress, CCTV reported, citing Chinese experts.
Since 1950, there have been 21 earthquakes of magnitude 6 or above in the Lhasa block, the largest of which was the 6.9-magnitude quake in Mainling in 2017, according to CCTV.
Mainling is located in the lower reaches of Tibet’s Yarlung Zangbo river where China is planning to build the world’s largest hydropower dam.
A magnitude 7.8 tremor struck near Nepal’s capital Kathmandu in 2015, killing about 9,000 people and injuring thousands in the country’s worst ever earthquake. Among the dead were at least 18 people killed at the Mount Everest base camp when it was hit by an avalanche.
On Tuesday, tremors were felt in Kathmandu, some 400 km (250 miles) from the epicentre, and residents in the city ran out of their houses.
“The bed was shaking and I thought my child was moving the bed ... I didn’t pay that much attention but the shaking of (a) window made me understand that it’s an earthquake,” said Kathmandu resident Meera Adhikarii. “I’m still shaking out of fear and am in shock.”
One person was injured in Kathmandu when he jumped off the top of a house after feeling the strong tremors, Nepal Police spokesman Bishwa Adhikari said. The man was being treated in hospital.
The quake also jolted Thimphu, the capital of Bhutan, and the northern Indian state of Bihar which borders Nepal.
So far, no reports of any damage or loss to property have been received, officials in India and Bhutan said.
【答案详解】
rocked
语法知识点：该句描述的是过去发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时。动词“rock”表示“摇动，震撼”，在这里用其过去式“rocked”来描述地震摇动喜马拉雅山北麓的情况。 killing
语法知识点：现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。这里“killing at least 95 people”是“A magnitude 6.8 earthquake rocked...”的结果，即地震导致了至少95人死亡。现在分词短语作状语时，通常表示主动或进行的意义，在这里更侧重于表示结果。 a
语法知识点：不定冠词“a”用于可数名词单数前，表示泛指。在这里“a depth of 10 km”表示“10公里深的一个深度”。 frequently
语法知识点：副词修饰动词。这里“frequently”作为副词修饰动词“hit”，表示“频繁地袭击”。 mountaineer
语法知识点：名词作主语或宾语。根据句意，需要一个名词来表示“登山者”，而“mountain”是名词作“山”解，其对应的表示“登山者”的名词是“mountaineer”。 bordering
语法知识点：现在分词作后置定语。这里“seven hill districts bordering Tibet”表示“与西藏接壤的七个山区”，其中“bordering Tibet”是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰“seven hill districts”。 填空：have received
语法知识点：现在完成时。根据句意“到目前为止，我们还没有收到任何关于人员伤亡和财产损失的信息”，需要使用现在完成时来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 to collect
语法知识点：不定式作目的状语。这里“to collect information”是不定式短语作目的状语，表示“为了收集信息”。 which
语法知识点：定语从句。这里需要一个关系代词来引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“Many villages”，并在从句中作主语。由于先行词是物，且从句中缺少主语，所以选择关系代词“which”。 to
语法知识点：介词。这里“home to 800,000 people”表示“80万人的家园”，其中“to”是介词，表示“属于，是……的所在地”。 填空：strikes
语法知识点：主谓一致和时态。由于主语“a disaster”是单数，且描述的是一般事实，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式的一般现在时“strikes”。 填空：seriously
语法知识点：副词修饰动词。这里需要副词“seriously”来修饰动词“suffered”，表示“遭受严重的损失”。 填空：effective
语法知识点：形容词修饰名词。这里需要形容词“effective”来修饰名词“earthquake monitoring and early warning system”，表示“有效的地震监测和预警系统”。 填空：before
语法知识点：连词表示时间顺序。这里需要连词“before”来表示“在发送警报消息给公众之前”，确认地震的位置和震级。 填空：has established
语法知识点：现在完成时。根据时间状语“so far”（到目前为止），可知这里需要用现在完成时“has established”来表示“到目前为止已经建立了27支专业救援队伍”。 填空：which
语法知识点：定语从句。这里需要一个关系代词来引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“27 professional teams”，并在从句中作主语。由于先行词是物，所以选择关系代词“which”。 填空：recovery
语法知识点：名词作宾语。这里需要名词“recovery”来表示“灾后恢复”，作介词“in”的宾语。 填空：to repair
语法知识点：不定式作目的状语。这里需要不定式“to repair”来表示“为了修复基础设施”，作目的状语。 填空：the
语法知识点：冠词。这里需要定冠词“the”来特指“二次灾害的影响”。 填空：putting
语法知识点：动名词作宾语。这里需要动名词“putting”来表示“把人民放在首位”，作介词“by”的宾语。介词后面通常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
【全文翻译】
路透北京/加德满都1月7日电 - 中国当局表示，周二，西藏最神圣城市之一附近的喜马拉雅山北麓发生6.8级地震，造成至少95人死亡，邻近的尼泊尔、不丹和印度的建筑物也发生摇晃。
据中国地震网中心报道，地震发生在上午9点05分（格林尼治标准时间01点05分），震中位于定日县，这是一个被称为通往珠穆朗玛峰地区北大门的农村县，震源深度为10公里（6.2英里）。美国地质调查局测定此次地震的震级为7.1级。
中国国营电视台六小时后报道称，西藏方面至少有95人死亡，130人受伤。其他地方没有人员伤亡的报道。
中国西南部、尼泊尔和印度北部经常受到印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞引起的地震的影响。
周二的地震震中位于世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰以北约80公里（50英里）处，这里是登山者和徒步旅行者的热门目的地。
冬季不是尼泊尔登山者和徒步旅行者的旺季，一位旅游部门官员Lilathar Awasthi说，一名德国登山者是唯一获得攀登珠穆朗玛峰许可的登山者。他说，由于未能登顶，这位登山者已经离开了大本营。
尼泊尔国家灾害风险减轻管理局（NDRRMA）表示，与西藏接壤的七个山区都感受到了轻微地震。
“到目前为止，我们没有收到任何关于生命和财产损失的信息，”NDRRMA发言人迪赞·巴特塔拉对路透社说。“我们已经动员警察、安全部队和地方政府收集信息，”他说。
尼泊尔边境地区的许多村庄人口稀少，位置偏远，只能步行到达。
地震的影响波及了西藏日喀则地区，该地区有80万人居住。该地区由日喀则市管辖，日喀则是藏传佛教最重要人物之一班禅喇嘛的传统驻地。
（图片）2025年1月7日，中国西藏自治区日喀则市一个村庄发生地震后的受损房屋。（新华社提供路透社传播）
2025年1月7日，尼泊尔加德满都发生地震后，尼泊尔人冲出家门。（美联社照片）
中国国家主席习近平表示，应全力开展搜救工作，最大限度减少人员伤亡，妥善安置受灾群众，确保群众安全温暖过冬。
据中国新华社报道，已有1500多名当地消防员和救援人员被派往灾区。
据称，还向灾区运送了约2.2万件物资，包括棉帐篷、棉衣、棉被和折叠床。
轻微地震与余震
据报告，定日县的村庄在地震期间发生了强烈震动，这些村庄的平均海拔约为4000-5000米（13000-16000英尺），随后发生了数十次余震，震级最高达到4.4级。
社交媒体上的一段视频显示了拉孜镇地震后的情景，视频中可以看到店面坍塌，碎石散落在道路上。
路透社根据附近的建筑、窗户、道路布局和与卫星及街景图像相匹配的标志牌，确认了震中的位置。
据新华社报道，震中20公里（12英里）范围内有三个乡镇和27个村庄，总人口约6900人，已有1000多栋房屋受损。
地方政府官员正在与附近城镇联系，评估地震的影响并检查伤亡情况，地震发生后，中国关闭了珠穆朗玛峰区域，禁止游客进入，报道补充道。
据中央电视台报道，中国专家指出，定日县的震动是由被称为拉萨地块的区域发生破裂引起的，该区域受到南北方向的挤压和东西方向的应力作用。
据中央电视台报道，自1950年以来，拉萨地块共发生了21次6级或6级以上的地震，其中最大的一次是2017年发生在米林市的6.9级地震。
米林市位于西藏雅鲁藏布江下游，中国计划在此建造世界上最大的水电站。
2015年，尼泊尔首都加德满都附近发生7.8级地震，造成约9000人死亡，数千人受伤，是尼泊尔有史以来最严重的地震。其中，至少有18人在珠穆朗玛峰大本营被雪崩击中后丧生。
周二，加德满都也感受到了震动，该市距离震中约400公里（250英里），居民纷纷跑出房屋。
“床在摇晃，我还以为是我家孩子在动床……我并没有太在意，但窗户的晃动让我明白这是地震，”加德满都居民米拉·阿迪卡里说。“我现在还因为害怕而发抖，仍处于震惊之中。”
尼泊尔警方发言人比什瓦·阿迪卡里表示，加德满都有一人在感受到强烈震动后从屋顶跳下受伤，目前正在医院接受治疗。
地震还波及了不丹首都廷布和与尼泊尔接壤的印度北部比哈尔邦。
印度和不丹的官员表示，截至目前，尚未收到任何有关财产受损或损失的报告。
【关于Mount Everest】
Everest（珠穆朗玛峰）的名字由来与19世纪中叶的英国测量师乔治·埃佛勒斯特（George Everest）紧密相关。以下是对其名字由来的详细解释：
一、命名背景
在19世纪中叶，珠穆朗玛峰作为世界最高峰尚未有正式的英文名称。当时，英国皇家地理学会为了纪念其杰出的测量局局长乔治·埃佛勒斯特在喜马拉雅山脉地区进行的广泛测量工作，决定以他的名字来命名这座山峰。
二、乔治·埃佛勒斯特的贡献
乔治·埃佛勒斯特在地理测量事业中做出了巨大贡献，特别是在喜马拉雅山脉地区的测量工作。他的工作为后来的地理研究和探险提供了重要的基础数据，因此，以他的名字来命名珠穆朗玛峰是对他工作的肯定与纪念。
三、命名过程
据说，在决定命名时，英国皇家地理学会选择了“Mount Everest”这个名字，以纪念乔治·埃佛勒斯特。这个名字后来被广泛接受和使用，成为珠穆朗玛峰的英文名称。
四、其他名称
虽然“Everest”作为珠穆朗玛峰的英文名称在国际上被广泛接受和使用，但这一命名并未得到当地人的认可。在藏语中，珠穆朗玛峰早已有了自己的名字——“珠穆朗玛峰”（Qomolangma），意为“大地之母”或“女神母亲的皇冠”，象征着圣洁与崇高。
综上所述，Everest（珠穆朗玛峰）的名字由来与英国测量师乔治·埃佛勒斯特的贡献和英国皇家地理学会的命名决定密切相关。同时，我们也应尊重并欣赏不同文化和语言中对同一事物的不同称呼。
喜马拉雅山的英文是Himalayas（复数形式，因为喜马拉雅山脉由多座山峰组成）。这个词来源于梵语，意为“雪的居所”或“雪域”，形象地描绘了这座山脉常年被雪覆盖的景象。喜马拉雅山脉是世界上最高大的山脉之一，横跨亚洲的多个国家，包括印度、尼泊尔、不丹、中国（西藏和青海）等，其中珠穆朗玛峰（Mount Everest）是世界上最高的山峰，就位于喜马拉雅山脉之中。

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