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高中英语 适合高中各年级110+培优 外刊时文精读
美 国 加 州 山 火
24/25秋冬学期 Week19 难度：铂金段位
寒冬一月洛杉矶山火？来看看环保人士怎么说
California infernos in January Here’s
why wildfire season keeps getting longer and more devastating
By Julie Cart, January 8, 2025
原文改编语法填空+高考链接（24成都一诊完形填空）
一、语法填空。用单词的适当形式完成短文。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（共10小题，每小题1.5分，记15分）（派生/谓语/非谓语/从句/名/副/冠，难度：铂金——题源: CalMatters）
As climate change warms the planet, wildfires have become so 1 (predict) and extreme that new words were invented: firenado, gigafire, fire siege — even fire pandemic. California has 78 more annual “fire days” — when conditions are ripe for fires to spark — than 50 years ago. When is California’s wildfire season With recurring droughts, it is now year-round.
Nothing is as it was. Where are the worst California wildfires All over. Whatever NIMBYism (邻避主义，源自英文Not In My Back Yard） 2 gave comfort to some Californians — never having a fire in their community before — no longer applies to most areas.
Los Angeles County is the latest victim. The fast-growing Palisades Fire, whipped (鞭打) by vicious (猛烈的) Santa Ana 3 (wind), ignited along the coast in Los Angeles Tuesday morning, 4 (destroy) homes and forcing evacuation of about 10,000 households. Within hours, another wildfire, the Eaton Fire, 5 (erupt) to the northeast, in Altadena, in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains, 6 wind gusts (阵风) were clocked at almost 100 mph. And then late Tuesday night, a third Los Angeles County fire ignited in the San Fernando Valley area of Sylmar, and by Wednesday morning, a fourth, this one in the Sepulveda Basin.
Fire officials reported that more than 1,000 homes in just Pacific Palisades have been destroyed and many people were injured, including five fatalities from the Eaton Fire. Nearly the entire county is shrouded (笼罩) in smoke advisories. All of Southern California is experiencing drought conditions, with close to zero rainfall since July.
Southern California’s coastal fires typically have to be driven by desert winds. But no longer. Vegetation along the usually moist (潮湿的) coast is often so parched (烤干) that it doesn’t need winds to fan wildfires.
Also, in the far north, California’s so-called “asbestos forests” (石棉森林) have lost their immunity. Massive fires 7 (tear) through dense, moist rainforests where climate change chased away the region’s protective layer of fog and mist.
What causes California’s wildfires Arson (纵火) and power lines are the major triggers. A 2022 audit (审计) showed that utilities (公共事业单位) aren’t doing enough to prevent fires. But lightning-sparked fires, like the one that burned Big Basin park, are a 8 (fair) recent trend. Unpredictable and hugely powerful lightning storms — tens of thousands of strikes in a span of days — bombard already dry and vulnerable landscapes. Scientists say to expect more lightning 9 the planet warms. And, aided and abetted (煽动) by drought, more than 163 million trees have been killed by drought or insects.
The job of battling these larger, more stubborn California wildfires has become more complicated, fearsome and deadly, straining the state’s already overworked firefighters.
And much, much more costly. The Legislative Analyst’s Office provided this sobering (令人清醒的) calculation: CalFire’s total funding for fire protection, resource management and fire prevention has grown from $800 million in 2005-06 to an estimated $3.7 billion in 2021-22.
As the impacts and costs surge, homeowners are still finding that insurance companies are canceling their policies — even if they fire-harden their property.
More attention is being paid to the unhealthy smoke lingering in communities. Even California’s crops are harmed, with concerns about 10 smoke-tainted (污染的) grape harvest and impacting the state’s $58 billion wine industry.
California’s landscape evolved with fire. What remains is for its inhabitants to adapt to the new reality.
And that requires yet another new term: Welcome to the “Pyrocene,” coined by fire scientist Stephen J.Pyne. The age of fire.
Chinese President Xi Jinping said all-out search and rescue efforts should be carried out to minimise casualties, properly resettle the affected people, and ensure a safe and warm winter.
More than 1,500 local firefighters and rescue workers have been dispatched to the affected areas, China’s Xinhua news agency reported.
Some 22,000 items including cotton tents, cotton coats, quilts and folding beds have also been sent to the quake-hit region, it said.
参考答案：
unpredictable that/which winds destroying erupted
where tore fairly as a
【答案详解】
一、语法填空
unpredictable
解析：根据句意“随着气候变化使地球变暖，野火已经变得如此难以预测和极端”，需要填入一个形容词来描述野火的特性。predict的形容词形式是unpredictable，意为“不可预测的”。
that/which
解析：此句为定语从句，先行词为NIMBYism，需要填入一个关系代词来引导定语从句，修饰先行词。that和which都可以用于引导定语从句，指代先行词。
winds
解析：根据句意“被猛烈的圣塔安娜风鞭打”，需要填入wind的复数形式，因为风通常是复数概念，表示多种风向或风力。
destroying
解析：此句为现在分词作状语，表示与主句动作同时发生的动作。The fast-growing Palisades Fire是主语，ignited是谓语，而destroying homes and forcing evacuation是伴随发生的动作，因此用现在分词形式。
erupted
解析：根据句意“几小时后，另一场野火在圣盖博山脉山麓的阿尔塔迪纳爆发”，需要填入erupt的过去式，因为这是在描述过去发生的事情。
where
解析：此句为定语从句，先行词为Altadena，需要填入一个关系副词来引导定语从句，修饰先行词并说明地点。where用于引导表示地点的定语从句。
tore
解析：句子意思是“大规模的火灾_____穿过了茂密湿润的雨林，那里的气候变化驱散了该地区保护性的雾和霾层。”前一句使用了现在完成时，但本句并没有直接的现在完成时标志，而后半句用的是一般过去时。说明本句只是描述在过去某个时间点或时间段内完成的动作，且这个动作对现在没有影响（只是简单地陈述过去的事实），因此使用一般过去时即可。“tear through”是一个动词短语，意思是“迅速穿过”或“猛烈地穿过”。在这个语境中，它描述的是火灾迅速穿过雨林的情况。
fairly
解析：根据语境，“fair”在这里需要变形为副词形式“fairly”来修饰形容词“recent”，表示“相当近期”的意思。“fair”作为形容词时，通常表示“公平的”或“合理的”。
as
解析：根据句意“科学家们说，随着地球变暖，要期待更多的闪电”，需要填入一个连词来引导时间状语从句。as意为“随着，当……时”。
the
解析：根据句意“人们担心被烟雾污染的葡萄收成会影响该州价值580亿美元的葡萄酒产业”， 由于“grape harvest”是可数名词，且在这里指的是一个被烟雾污染的葡萄收成事件，因此前面需要加冠词。
又因为这里并不是特指某一个已知的、之前提到过的葡萄收成，所以使用不定冠词“a”更为合适。
【全文翻译】
随着气候变化导致地球变暖，野火变得如此不可预测和极端，以至于人们发明了新的词汇：火旋风、千兆火灾、火灾围攻，甚至是火灾大流行。与50年前相比，加利福尼亚州每年出现“火灾日”（即火灾易发条件）的天数增加了78天。加利福尼亚州的野火季节是什么时候？由于干旱频发，现在已经是全年无休了。
一切都已不同往昔。加利福尼亚州哪里野火最严重？到处都是。过去，一些加利福尼亚人曾因自己所在社区从未发生过火灾而感到安慰，但这种邻避主义（Not In My Back Yard，简称NIMBY）心态现在已不再适用于大部分地区。
洛杉矶县是最新受害者。周二上午，在猛烈的圣塔安娜风助威下，快速蔓延的帕利塞兹火灾在洛杉矶沿海岸线燃起，摧毁了房屋，迫使约1万户家庭撤离。几小时后，另一场野火——伊顿火灾，在圣盖博山脉山麓的阿尔塔迪纳东北方向爆发，风速接近每小时100英里。然后，周二深夜，洛杉矶县的第三场火灾在希尔马的圣费尔南多谷地区燃起，到了周三早上，第四场火灾在塞普尔维达盆地爆发。
消防官员报告称，仅太平洋帕利塞兹就有1000多栋房屋被毁，多人受伤，其中伊顿火灾造成5人死亡。整个县几乎都被烟雾笼罩，发布了烟雾预警。自7月以来，南加州几乎滴雨未降，整个地区都遭受干旱。
南加州的沿海火灾通常由沙漠风引发。但如今已不再是这样。通常湿润的海岸植被经常干燥至极，以至于无需风力助燃就能引发野火。
此外，在遥远的北部，加利福尼亚州所谓的“石棉森林”也失去了防护能力。气候变化驱散了该地区保护性的雾层和薄雾，随后，大规模火灾席卷了茂密湿润的雨林。
加利福尼亚州的野火是由什么引起的？纵火和电线是主要的触发因素。2022年的一项审计显示，公用事业部门在预防火灾方面做得还不够。但像烧毁大盆地公园的那场火灾一样由闪电引发的火灾是最近才出现的新趋势。在短短几天内，数十万次不可预测且威力巨大的闪电风暴轰击着已经干燥脆弱的土地。科学家表示，随着地球变暖，闪电将更加频繁。而且，在干旱的助长下，已有超过1.63亿棵树因干旱或虫害而死亡。
应对这些更大、更顽固的加利福尼亚州野火的工作变得更加复杂、可怕和致命，使该州已经超负荷工作的消防员不堪重负。
而且，成本也高昂得多。立法分析师办公室给出了这一令人清醒的估算：加州林业和消防局（CalFire）用于消防保护、资源管理和火灾预防的总资金从2005-2006年度的8亿美元增长到2021-2022年度的约37亿美元。
随着影响和成本的激增，即使业主对财产进行了防火加固，他们仍然发现保险公司正在取消他们的保单。
人们越来越关注社区内挥之不去的有害烟雾。就连加利福尼亚州的农作物也受到了损害，人们担心葡萄收获会受到烟雾污染，从而影响该州价值580亿美元的葡萄酒产业。
加利福尼亚州的景观是在火灾中演变的。剩下的事情就是让居民适应这一新的现实。
这还需要另一个新词汇：欢迎来到“火纪”（Pyrocene），这是由火灾科学家斯蒂芬·J·派恩创造的词汇。这是火灾的时代。
拓展练习：2024届成都市一诊完形填空——山火中营救遗弃动物
The wildfires advanced, heading straight for the town of Behchoko. Citizens were told to 21 their towns. At this time, Jason Card in the nearby town — Yelowknife, started a 22 mission to rescue the abandoned pets left in the 23 .
Upon learning urgent situation from news, Jason determined to take 24 action. He tried all means to gather various dog crates (笼子), with which they’d help 25 the animals he would rescue.
With good 26 , Jason set out for the heart of the fire zone, with his teenage child and his father 27 him. After a journey of 63 miles, the team of three arrived at their destination, where they were met with a scene of 28 — people in the middle of evacuation (撤离), 29 seeking shelter from the upcoming flames.
Not discouraged by the surrounding chaos, they 30 no time. By 8:00 pm, their truck was loaded with a diverse range of pets they had 31 to rescue. “Once people heard we were rescuing pets, they 32 us, asking us to get their pets. We filled every crate we had,” Jason said when interviewed. On that night, the 33 unleaded crates filled with dogs in Yellowknife. Swiftly, they set off again, making a direct 34 to Behchoko. This time, they successfully saved over 30 pets. However, something 35 arose — how to settle a great number of pets Michelle Tuma, a vet in Yellowknife, heard of Jason’s rescue 36 . Without hesitation, she 37 and provided temporary shelter for the animals.
Jason said in an interview it was heartbreaking to see our 38 die in the fire. His act of 39 highlighted the significance of caring for the most 40 members of our communities, even in the face of disaster.
21．A．rebuild B．search C．leave D．protect
22．A．heartbreaking B．confidential C．fortunate D．courageous
23．A．crisis B．shelter C．wilderness D．fire
24．A．necessary B．immediate C．decisive D．tough
25．A．adopt B．cure C．transport D．raise
26．A．preparations B．feelings C．reasons D．intentions
27．A．leading B．calming C．accompanying D．encouraging
28．A．chaos B．cruelty C．accident D．violence
29．A．eagerly B．hurriedly C．vainly D．painfully
30．A．valued B．wasted C．saved D．seized
31．A．agreed B．longed C．happened D．managed
32．A．emailed B．recognized C．paid D．approached
33．A．owners B．team C．citizens D．staff
34．A．return B．hiking C．call D．route
35．A．disastrous B．challenging C．questionable D．strange
36．A．plans B．members C．efforts D．requests
37．A．turned around B．looked ahead C．carried on D．reached out
38．A．companions B．neighbors C．children D．workmates
39．A．will B．faith C．heroism D．generosity
40．A．valuable B．helpless C．grateful D．sensitive
21．C 22．D 23．A 24．B 25．C 26．A 27．C 28．A 29．B 30．B 31．D 32．D 33．B 34．A 35．B 36．C 37．D 38．A 39．C 40．B
【难度】0.65
【知识点】生活故事、善行义举（个人）、记叙文
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jason Card得知Behchoko小镇即将被火灾吞噬，于是开始了一项勇敢的任务，去拯救那些在危机中被遗弃的宠物。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：市民被告知离开他们的城镇。A. rebuild重建；B. search搜索；C. leave离开；D. protect保护。根据上文“The wildfires advanced, heading straight for the town of Behchoko.(大火继续蔓延，直扑贝奇科镇)”可知，发生了火灾，市民被告知离开他们的城镇。故选C。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此时，附近小镇耶洛奈夫的杰森·卡德开始了一项勇敢的任务，去拯救那些在危机中被遗弃的宠物。A. heartbreaking令人心碎的；B. confidential机密的；C. fortunate幸运的；D. courageous勇敢的。根据后文“rescue the abandoned pets left in the”可知，他要去拯救那些被遗弃的宠物，所以是勇敢的任务。故选D。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此时，附近小镇耶洛奈夫的杰森·卡德开始了一项勇敢的任务，去拯救那些在危机中被遗弃的宠物。A. crisis危机；B. shelter庇护所；C. wilderness荒野；D. fire火灾。根据上文“The wildfires advanced, heading straight for the town of Behchoko.(大火继续蔓延，直扑贝奇科镇)”可知，此处指火灾危机。故选A。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从新闻中得知紧急情况后，贾森决定立即采取行动。A. necessary必要的；B. immediate立即的；C. decisive果断的；D. tough艰难的。根据上文“urgent situation from news”可知情况紧急，要立即采取行动。故选B。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他想尽办法收集各种各样的狗笼子，用它们来运送他要拯救的动物。A. adopt采取；B. cure治愈；C. transport运输；D. raise筹集。根据上文“He tried all means to gather various dog crates”可知，笼子主要是用来运输救出的动物的。故选C。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有了充分的准备，杰森带着他十几岁的孩子和他的父亲向火区的中心出发了。A. preparations准备；B. feelings感觉；C. reasons理由；D. intentions意图。根据上文“He tried all means to gather various dog crates”可知，他做了充分准备。故选A。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有了充分的准备，杰森带着他十几岁的孩子和他的父亲向火区的中心出发了。A. leading带领；B. calming平静；C. accompanying陪伴；D. encouraging鼓舞。根据上文“with his teenage child and his father”可知，他的孩子和父亲陪着他。故选C。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过63英里的旅程后，三人小组到达了他们的目的地，在那里他们遇到了一片混乱的景象——人们正在疏散，匆忙地寻找躲避即将到来的大火的地方。A. chaos混乱；B. cruelty残酷；C. accident事故；D. violence暴力。根据后文“people in the middle of evacuation”可知，人们正在疏散，所以很混乱。故选A。
29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：经过63英里的旅程后，三人小组到达了他们的目的地，在那里他们遇到了一片混乱的景象——人们正在疏散，匆忙地寻找躲避即将到来的大火的地方。A. eagerly渴望地；B. hurriedly匆忙地；C. vainly徒劳地；D. painfully痛苦地。根据后文“seeking shelter from the upcoming flames”可知，人们匆忙地寻找躲避即将到来的大火的地方。故选B。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们没有被周围的混乱吓倒，没有浪费时间。A. valued重视；B. wasted浪费；C. saved挽救；D. seized抓住。根据上文“Not discouraged by the surrounding chaos, they”可知，他们没有被周围的混乱吓倒，没有浪费时间。故选B。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：到晚上8点，他们的卡车上装满了他们设法营救的各种各样的宠物。A. agreed同意；B. longed渴望；C. happened发生；D. managed设法。根据上文“their truck was loaded with a diverse range of pets they had”可知，卡车上装满了他们设法救出的动物，manage to do sth.表示“设法做成某事”。故选D。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“一旦人们听说我们在拯救宠物，他们就会来找我们，让我们把他们的宠物救出来。”A. emailed发电子邮件；B. recognized识别；C. paid支付；D. approached靠近。根据后文“us, asking us to get their pets”指人们靠近他们，请求帮助。故选D。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，团队在耶洛奈夫发现了装满狗的无铅板条箱。A. owners所有者；B. team队伍；C. citizens市民；D. staff员工。呼应上文“the team of three”指三人组在耶洛奈夫发现了装满狗的无铅板条箱，故选B。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们迅速地又出发了，直接回Behchoko去了。A. return返回；B. hiking远足；C. call电话；D. route路线。上文“unleaded crates filled with dogs in Yellowknife”提到发现了装满狗的无铅板条箱，所以他们又把这些动物送回Behchoko了。故选A。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，一些具有挑战性的事情出现了——如何安置这么多的宠物？A. disastrous灾难性的；B. challenging挑战性的；C. questionable可疑的；D. strange奇怪的。根据后文“how to settle a great number of pets ”可知，如何安置这些动物是有挑战性的事情。故选B。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：米歇尔·图马是耶洛奈夫的一名兽医，她听说了杰森的救援行动。A. plans计划；B. members成员；C. efforts努力；D. requests要求。根据上文“heard of Jason’s rescue”可知，杰森一致在努力救助这些动物。故选C。
37．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她毫不犹豫地伸出手，为动物们提供了临时住所。A. turned around转身；B. looked ahead展望；C. carried on继续；D. reached out伸出手。根据后文“and provided temporary shelter for the animals”可知，这名兽医提供了帮助。故选D。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Jason在一次采访中说，看到我们的同伴们在火灾中丧生是令人心碎的。A. companions同伴；B. neighbors邻居；C. children孩子；D. workmates同事。根据上文“the animals he would rescue”可知，他救出的是动物，即人类的伙伴。故选A。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的英雄主义行为强调了关心我们社区中最无助的成员的重要性，即使面对灾难。A. will意志力；B. faith信念；C. heroism英雄主义；D. generosity慷慨。根据上文可知Jason在火灾中救出了很多动物，体现了英雄主义。故选C。
40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的英雄主义行为强调了关心我们社区中最无助的成员的重要性，即使面对灾难。A. valuable宝贵的；B. helpless无助的；C. grateful感谢的；D. sensitive敏感的。根据后文“members of our communities”以及他救出的是动物，可知面临火灾，动物是无助的。故选B。

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