资源简介

2025界高三英语限制性定语从句知识清单
考点一、基本概念
定语从句：
在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
复合句=主句+定语从句（关系词+从句）
先行词：
先行词被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
关系词：
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用：
关系词代替先行词，在从句中充当一定的成分。
代替作用
引导作用
充当成分作用。
引导定语从句的词有：
关系代词that, which, who ,whom, whose, as
关系副词when, where, why
The man who lives next to us is a policeman.住在我们隔壁的人是警察。
先行词 定语从句(who是关系词，在从句中充当主语)
考点二、关系代词引导的定语从句
who指人，在定语从句中充当主语
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
正在踢足球的男孩们来自一班。
Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略
Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 刘先生就是你谈到的那个人。
【温馨提示】关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。
which指物，在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语，作宾语时可省略
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
足球是大部分男孩喜欢的游戏。(which在句子中作主语)
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
这是他昨天买的笔。(which在句子中做宾语)
that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语，作宾语时可省略。
The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.
来参观城市的人都在这儿了。(that在句子中做主语)
Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning
今天早上我见到的那个人在哪里？(that在句子中做宾语)
whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中充当定语
He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个朋友，朋友的爸爸是医生。
I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
我过去住在一个屋顶塌陷的房子里。
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
whose+n.=the+n.+of+which/whom
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
门坏掉的那个教室将很快被修理。
(2) Do you like the book whose color is yellow =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow 你喜欢那本颜色是黄色的书吗？
考点三、关系代词that的特殊用法
先行词指物是，可以用which，也可以用that引导，但下面情况只能用that的情况
当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, everybody, nobody, much, little, any等不定代词，或被no, little, all等修饰时。
This is all that I know. 这就是我所知道的全部内容了。
There is nothing in the world that can frighten him. 世界上没有什么东西能够吓到他。
当先行词有the only, the very, the same修饰时。
Mary is the only girl that can speak Chinese. 玛丽是唯一一个能说中文的女孩。
You are the very boy that I want. 你正是我想要的那个男孩。
当先行词前被最高级或序数词修饰时。
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我读过最有趣的书。
This is the last chance that you have. 这是你拥有的最后一个机会。
当先行词既含有表示人的名词，又含有表示物的名词时。
They talked about the men and the things that they saw in the country.
他们谈到了在那个国家见到的人和事。
当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Who was the girl that came here last night 昨晚来这的那个女孩是谁？
Which is the pen that you lost 你丢的是哪只笔？
不用that的情况
引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：
　The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.那棵有四百年树龄的树在这里很有名。
介词后不能用。例如：
　　 We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物
3.用who而不用that的情况
① 主句是there be句型，且先行词是人时；
②先行词是人称代词he/she/those...,或者不定代词anyone，someone，everyone，somebody, anybody, one，ones等词时；
③先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时；
④当先行词是 people 或是表示人的集体名词时。
4.当 way 作先行词
当先行词为表示方式的way, 且在从句中作状语时，应该用 that / in which / 不填。
We admire the way ________________he solved the problem.
先行词是time,若time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若作“一段时间” 讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或者at/during+which引导定语从句。
如：This is the second time (that) the President has visited the country.
这是总统第二次访问这个国家。
There was a time when/during which there were no radios, telephones or TV sets. 曾经有段时期没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视机。
关系副词：when where why
关系副词在引导定语从句时，其功能相当于介词短语，在句中作状语。when, where, why在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。
总结关系副词的作用：
指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词
连接主句和从句
在从句中充当句子成分—状语
关系副词 指代 在从句充当成分 相当于介词+which 例句
when 时间 时间状语 at/in/on...which I still remember the day when I first went to the Great Wall. 我还记得我第一次去长城的那一天。
where 地点 地点状语 in/at...which The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了
why 原因 原因状语 for which Can you explain the reason why you don’t want to help him 你能解释一下你不想帮助他的理由吗？
【知识拓展】
当先行词为situation，case, stage, point等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，也要用关系副词where引导。如：They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
先行词是表示时间的名词, time, hour, day, year, moment, occasion 时刻，age年代，period阶段, stage时期，interval 间隙等词 且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，也要用关系副词when引导
辨析：
I still remember the day when I first went to the Great Wall.
I’ll never forget the days (which/ that) we spent in the small village.
【温馨提示】若时间名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that引导。
不能看到先行词是时间，就填when,注意分析句子成分。
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
我十年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。
The park which/ that attracts the most visitors will be closed.
吸引参观者最多的那个公园将要关闭了。
【温馨提示】若地点名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that引导。
不能看到先行词是地点，就填where,注意分析句子成分。
Can you explain the reason why you don’t want to help him
你能解释一下你不想帮助他的理由吗？
The reason (which/ that) he explain at the meeting was not sound.
他在会议上解释的原因并不充分。
【温馨提示】reason后的定语从句的关系词若在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that引导。
关系代词 VS 关系副词
判断依据：先行词在从句中作什么成分
① 从句缺少主、宾、定-----关系代词
② 从句缺状语--------关系副词
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
当先行词是人时，用介词 + whom 引导定语从句：
当先行词是物时，用介词 + which引导定语从句：
当关系词在从句中作定语时，用介词+whose引导定语从句：
名/代/数词/形容词最高级 + 介词 + 关系词
在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which或whom。先行词指物时，用which；先行词指人时，用whom。在这个结构中，介词的使用原则是：
根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯
on which I spent 10 yuan.
This is the book 这就是我花10元钱买的书。
for which I paid 10 yuan.
根据先行词的搭配习惯
I still remember the day on which I first came to this school.
我仍然记得我第一次来这所学校的那一天。
表“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，用of
The old woman has two sons, both of whom are doctors.
这位老太太有两个儿子，两个儿子都是医生。
用适当的关系副词填空。
I still remember the day ________ I first came to Beijing.
I’ll never forget the day ________ I joined the army.
That is the reason ________I did the job.
The reason ________he did not go to school is that he was ill.
5. The reason ________ he succeeded in the exam is that he studied very hard.
6. Yesterday I paid a visit to the house ________ Lu Xun once lived.
7. The park_______ attracts the most visitors will be closed.
8. I’ll never forget the days ________ we studied together.
9. I will never forget the days _______ we spent together.
10. The reason _______he told me just now is reasonable.
限制性和非限制性定语从句
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是一句话。
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
The novel is very interesting, which makes me very glad.这部小说很有意思，这让我很高兴。（非限制性）
Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook.我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长于烹调。（非限制性）
Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is world famous
你看过“泰坦尼克号”这部电影吗 它的男主演可是世界闻名的。（非限制性）
【温馨提示】在非限制性定语从句中需要注意的问题：1. 关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
2. 关系代词代词不能省略。如：I want to buy a dictionary, which is valuable to my learning.(which不能省略)
3. Which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是一个词语也可以是个句子。如：He was late again, which made the teacher very unhappy.他又迟到了，这使得老师很不开心。
、as和which引导定语从句的区别
在限制性定语从句中，which指代先行词是物的名词或代词；而as指代先行词是物或人的词，且先行词前一般有as, so, such, the same等限定语。
This is the pan which I boiled the milk in. 这就是我煮牛奶的锅。
She is so nice a girl as we all like. 她是我们都喜欢的一个好女孩。
在非限制性定语从句中，定语从句修饰说明的是整个主句的内容时，as引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前、之中或之后；which引导的从句一般只之于主句之后。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
= Smoking, as we know, is harmful to one's health.
= Smoking is harmful to one's health, as we know.
众所周知，吸烟有害健康。
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。
定语从句修饰说明的是整个主句的内容时，which引导的从句在意义上与主句近乎并列关系，可用and this/ that来代替；as主要连接上下文，表达说话人的看法、观点，指出主句内容的出处或根据等，译为“正如……”。
He won the first prize, which (and that) made him famous in his school.
他获得一等奖，这使他在学校出了名。
As is announced in today’s newspaper, we must improve our style of work.
正如今天的报纸上所说，我们必须改进工作作风。

展开更多......

收起↑