资源简介

【2024—2025英语寒假作业】译林版 高二年级 第1周
【词汇冲关】
一、中译英
1. __________ n. 情绪，心情；气氛，氛围
2. __________ vi. （根据情况）变化，变更；相异，不同 vt. 变更，改变
3. __________ vt. & vi. 使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到
4. __________ vt. & vi. 增加，扩大；扩展，发展（业务）；详谈，详述
5. __________ adj. 数量多的，多样的
6. __________ n. 性质，特性；所有物，财产；不动产
7. __________ adj. 合适的
8. __________ vt. 估计，估价 n. 估计；估计的成本
9. __________ vt. 吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费（尤指燃料、能量或时间）
10. __________ vt. 值得，应得
11. __________ adj. 令人愉快的，可喜的；友好的，和善的
12. __________ adj. 乡村的，农村的
13. __________ adj. 复杂的，难懂的
14. __________ adj. 非凡的，奇异的，显著的，引人注目的
15. __________ adj. 聪颖的，技艺高的；巧妙的；很成功的；明亮的
二、英译中
association ______________________________
2. generate ______________________________
3. digest ______________________________
4. scenery ______________________________
5. adorable ______________________________
6. loose ______________________________
7. stimulate ______________________________
8. emphasis ______________________________
9. mixture ______________________________
10. overcome ______________________________
11. dramatic ______________________________
12. sorrow ______________________________
13. gifted ______________________________
14. upset ______________________________
15. abandon ______________________________
三、词性转换
1. vary vi. （根据情况）变化，变更；相异，不同 vt. 变更，改变
__________ adj. 各种各样的，不同的
__________ n. 不同种类，变体，多样化
2. relieve vt. 解除，减轻；缓和，缓解
__________ n. 宽慰，解脱；减轻；缓和
__________ adj. 感到宽慰的，放心的
3. combine vi. & vt. 结合，联合
__________ n. 结合体，联合体；联合，混合
4. consume vt. 吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费（尤指燃料、能量或时间）
__________ n. 消费，消耗
__________ n. 消费者
5. mix vt. & vi. （使）混合；调配；交往
__________ 混合物；混合，结合
6. transform vi. & vt. （使）变形，（使）改观，（使）转化
__________ n. 改变；变革
7. adaptation n. 改编本，改写本，适应
__________ v. 改变，适应
__________ adj. 能适应的；可修改的
8. suitable adj. 合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的
__________ vt. 对……合适；合身 vi. 合适，相称 n. 一套衣服，套装
9. breath n. 呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量，迹象
__________ v. 呼吸
10. expectation n. 希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望
__________ v. 期望；指望；认为；预料
四、高频短语
1. throw oneself into ______________________________
2. fall apart ______________________________
3. hit the spot ______________________________
4. out of this world ______________________________
5. do the trick ______________________________
6. rely on ______________________________
7. for good measure ______________________________
8. consist of ______________________________
9. get down to (doing) sth ______________________________
10. all of a sudden ______________________________
【语法突破】
（一）
A Chinese dance drama has made its global debut (首映) on social media platforms abroad, 1 (create) a new wave of discussion on the beauty of Chinese culture among art lovers from all over the world.
“Li Bai”, a classic production by the China National Opera and Dance Drama Theatre,
2 (strike) a chord (弦) with global audiences through the telling of a lifelong journey of the literary giant Li Bai so far. After a year of improving, that 3 (remark) work has returned to center stage. The new music skillfully combined orchestral symphony was designed 4 (integrate) with the dance and drama, 5 provides the audience with a fresh new feel. When you turn off the music and watch the performance of the actors alone, it has no impact. The classic piece
6 (greet) audiences at the National Centre for the Performing Arts three months ago with sold-out shows. Art has no borders. “Li Bai” 7 (view) more than 5.5 million times with more than 1.33 million 8 (response). In the history of Chinese poetry, Li Bai was not “one of” but “the one”.
In telling the story of 9 great poet, China has once again passed 10 its fine tradition and carried Chinese culture forward in its own way.
1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________
6. __________ 7. __________ 8. __________ 9. __________ 10. __________
（二）
More and more children are suffering from eco-anxiety, which is 1 problem that causes people to worry a lot about the future of Earth and the life on it. They worry about climate change,
2 (pollute) and the loss of biodiversity. This has urged education experts 3 (call) for more teaching in schools about climate change, wildlife and the environment. Nowadays knowledge of them is so necessary 4 experts believe it should be taught to all year groups.
The Teach the Future campaign finds that only one in four schoolchildren 5 (feel) they know enough about the climate crisis. It says this is leading to more children 6 (struggle) with eco-anxiety and worrying about the planet. A conservation organization, Earth Rangers, 7 (take) action to address the problem of eco-anxiety since it noticed that. It says, “Eco-anxiety does have a big effect 8 children in many ways. This includes feelings of fear and hopelessness. It is
9 (importance) to research and understand the ways in which we can help children deal with these feelings 10 (effective). In the meanwhile, schools should create conservation activities and help children teach their parents how to protect nature.”
1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________
6. __________ 7. __________ 8. __________ 9. __________ 10. __________
【阅读基础】
A
Humans are always exploring new ways to feel, look and live better. As with everything else in life, our approach to keeping fit and healthy has changed over time. Here are four iconic fitness trends through the decades.
Aerobics — 1970s
Aerobics took off to improve the cardiovascular (心血管) system in a fun way and dance moves were combined with fitness movements, such as leg raises and marching in place. Aerobics inspired many different spin-offs from dance and step aerobics, to even water-based classes, all set to music.
Spinning — 1990s
Spinning launched a cycling revolution in the 1990s which continues to this day, thanks to big-name gyms which have made cycling on fixed bikes a party for participants. Color changing lights, high-energy music and enthusiastic instructors have turned spin classes into a lively group activity which has attracted fans around the world.
CrossFit—2000s
CrossFit has been a team favorite in the fitness scene since the 2000s. The activity is competitive yet shared, with scores being tracked on a board. Classes typically last an hour or less, making each session an intense (强度的) and time-efficient workout which many are able to fit into their busy schedules.
HIIT — 2020s
HIIT, which stands for High Intensity Interval Training, has gained popularity recently, along with the rise of home workouts. Exercises, done in short, intense bursts, aim to build strength and endurance. It can be done through free online classes without any equipment, making it an affordable workout at home.
1. Which sport is mixed with dance
A. Aerobics. B. Spinning. C. CrossFit. D. HIIT.
2. What do Spinning and CrossFit have in common
A. They last for a short time.
B. They can be group activities.
C. They need lights and music.
D. They are both competitive sports.
3. Which of the following can best describe the HIIT
A. Graceful and intense. B. Economical and convenient.
C. Energetic and technical. D. Interesting and relaxing.
【重点词汇】
1. fitness n. __________ 2. revolution n. __________
3. enthusiastic adj. __________ 4. endurance n. ____________
【长难句翻译】
Aerobics inspired many different spin-offs from dance and step aerobics, to even water-based classes, all set to music.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
B
A friend recently showed me her planned trip to Italy. Over cups of tea, she laid out the trip in military order — the Colosseum, Pompeii, Venice … By the time she was done, I was exhausted, and I hadn’t even set foot outside the house.
My way of travelling is different. I just pick a destination and then go there, leaving things to chance. This may not be for everybody, but leaping into the unknown, for me, has been great.
Take Greenland, for example: I found myself in a tiny village of just 40 people, with no place to stay. The locals welcomed me warmly, and I enjoyed a delightful supper with an Inuit family, completed with fantastic stories never found in guidebooks.
A few years back, driving through Iceland, I noticed an older woman sitting at a picnic table by a waterfall. I approached her, and asked if I could sit with her. She turned out to be a source of knowledge about the area, which we had all to ourselves, without a tourist in sight.
Wandering in Trinidad, I got on a coastal ship. On the way, a young woman talked to me and gave me a tip for a visit to a hidden local restaurant with delicious and affordable food. There, I enjoyed the meal surrounded by the relaxing local music.
As a teacher, I encourage my students to travel. Most of them have never gone outside; others even never left their hometown. In many cases, they express a sense of fear, of going someplace where they won’t know anybody. I try to remove their anxieties by sharing my own travel experiences, and the message that there are good people everywhere, and friendships are waiting to be started.
I once read a piece about regrets that people expressed later in their lives. One that struck me was, “I wish I had taken more chances.” Setting off little planning does mean taking a risk, but for me, it is rewarding.
4. Why did the author mention her friend’s travel plan
A. To recommend some best spots in Italy.
B. To express her unconcern of her friend’s plan.
C. To introduce her different way of traveling.
D. To show her tiredness of making travel plans.
5. What can you learn from the author’s travel experiences
A. She visited a village with large population in Greenland.
B. She learnt fascinating stories about Inuit from guidebooks.
C. She saw the waterfall advised by an old woman in Iceland.
D. She enjoyed a meal in a local hidden restaurant in Trinidad.
6. What mainly stops the author’s students from traveling
A. Their lack of money.
B. Their fear of unfamiliar places.
C. Their dislike of travelling abroad.
D. Their inability to leave hometown.
7. What would be the best title for the passage
A. Friendships Start in Trips B. A Man is Rewarded with Plans
C. Travels Unprepared Bring Surprise D. Chances Favor the Focused Minds
【重点词汇】
1. destination n. __________ 2. chance n. __________
3. approach v. __________ 4. express v. __________
5. complete v. _________ adj. _________ 6. rewarding adj. _______________
【长难句翻译】
She turned out to be a source of knowledge about the area, which we had all to ourselves, without a tourist in sight.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
完形填空
When I was 24, I moved to America, 11,000 kilometers away from my homeland. This was
1 , especially fitting into an unfamiliar environment. Working from home increased my
2 , as I was cut off from social interactions. However, serving as a volunteer at a local animal shelter 3 everything.
Upon arriving at the shelter, I was 4 to a small, grey and white cat named Luna immediately. Found abandoned and terrified of humans, Luna 5 in the corner, shaking. Her lonely green eyes seemed to 6 my own sense of displacement in this foreign land. My task was to slowly gain Luna’s 7 and help her adjust, which felt similar to my efforts to
8 this new place.
As days turned into weeks, Luna and I developed a 9 . The process of feeding her, speaking softly, and the 10 required to look after her made this little creature gradually open her heart to me. Her 11 encouraged me to step outside, make new friends, and become part of the community.
My time at the shelter provided a valuable 12 into settling down in a new country. It is an inspiring experience of 13 gaps of language and culture and a journey of personal growth. From it, I realized the value of time, love, and a(n) 14 heart in forming meaningful relationships. This journey aided me in finding a sense of 15 in an unfamiliar land.
1. A. tough B. dangerous C. exciting D. rewarding
2. A. happiness B. interest C. loneliness D. guilt
3. A. upset B. cost C. challenged D. changed
4. A. drawn B. compared C. driven D. devoted
5. A. played B. hid C. slept D. relaxed
6. A. reject B. control C. cover D. mirror
7. A. praise B. sympathy C. forgiveness D. trust
8. A. escape from B. adapt to C. get around D. search for
9. A. bond B. plan C. habit D. skill
10. A. guidance B. independence C. confidence D. patience
11. A. courage B. acceptance C. assistance D. curiosity
12. A. innovation B. insight C. investigation D. investment
13. A. leaving B. widening C. bridging D. creating
14. A. open B. simple C. strong D. innocent
15. A. responsibility B. security C. belonging D. freedom
【阅读提升】
C
After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make a difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance — curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both.
Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more than ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why Why Why ”
Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only to recapture them. “The great man,” said Mencius, “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average.
Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once we had met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been if we had missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.
How should you start Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.
The way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.
However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment.
1. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________.
A. present an argument
B. make a comparison
C. reach a conclusion
D. propose a definition
2. What does the example of Galileo tell us
A. Scientists tend to have varied ambitions.
B. Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.
C. Creativity results from challenging authority.
D. Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.
3. What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent
A. Observe the unknown around you. B. Develop a questioning mind.
C. Lead a life of adventure. D. Follow the fashion.
4. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
A. Gaining success helps you become an expert.
B. The genius tends to get things done creatively.
C. Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.
D. You should remain modest when approaching perfection.
【重点词汇】
1. curiosity n. __________ 2. discontent n. __________
3. urge n. __________ 4. ambition n. __________
5. hesitation n. __________ 6. modestly adv. __________
7. discourage v. __________ 8. genius n. __________
【长难句翻译】
Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
D
The emergence of black holes undoubtedly marks the beginning of a revolution. Black holes have many peculiar properties, such as the alteration of space and time, the radiation of gravitational waves and so on. Scientists are still trying to study the properties and evolution of black holes in order to better understand the origin and evolution of the universe.
Recently, a team of astronomers may have found a solo-wandering black hole using a strange trick of gravity called microlensing (微透镜效应), but the results still have to be confirmed.
Sometimes it’s tough being an astronomer. Nature likes to hide the most interesting things from easy observation. Take, for example, black holes. Except for the strange quantum (量子) phenomenon of Hawking radiation, black holes are completely black. They don’t emit a single bit of radiation — they only absorb, hence their name.
To date, the only way astronomers have been able to spot black holes is through their influence on their environments. For example, if an orbiting star gets a little too close, the black hole can absorb the gas from that star, causing it to heat up as it falls. We can watch as stars dance around the giant black hole at the center of the Milky Way.
Even the famed pictures of the black holes in the center of the Milky Way and the M87 galaxy (星系) aren’t photographs of the black holes themselves. Instead, they are radio images of everything around them.
But surely not all black holes have other light-emitting objects around them to help us find them. To find these wanderers, astronomers have tried their luck with microlensing. We know that heavy objects can bend the path of light around them. This is a prediction of Einstein’s general theory of relativity, and the slight bending of starlight around our own sun was one of the first successful tests of the theory.
Microlensing is pretty much what the name suggests. When astronomers get extremely lucky, a wandering black hole will pass between us and a random distant star. The light from that star bends around the black hole because of its gravity, and from our point of view, the star will appear to temporarily flare in brightness.
And when I say “extremely lucky” I mean it. Despite trying this technique for over a decade, it is only now that astronomers have found a candidate black hole through microlensing. Two teams used the same data, a microlensing event recorded from both the OGLE (Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment) telescope in Chile and the MOA (Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics) telescope in New Zealand. One team found that the mass was somewhere around seven times the mass of the sun — definitely black hole territory. But the other team estimated a much smaller mass, around 2–4 times the mass of the Sun. If the true mass of the object is at the lower end of that spectrum (光谱), then the wanderer is probably not a black hole.
5. Why does the author say it is hard to be an astronomer
A. Einstein’s theory is hard to understand.
B. Many things in nature are not easy to observe.
C. Understanding the evolution of the universe is not easy.
D. Whether the black hole has been found remains to be seen.
6. What is the example in Para. 4 trying to prove
A. Stars’ wandering in black holes.
B. Black holes’ absorbing the star’s gas.
C. The relationship between stars’ heating and black holes.
D. Finding black holes by observing environmental changes.
7. What does the author tell us about the discovery of black holes
A. People can often find black holes with glowing objects.
B. Research groups can work together to find black holes.
C. Glowing objects around black holes help us find them sometimes.
D. Understanding the properties of black holes helps find them.
8. What conclusion can we draw from the last paragraph
A. To persevere in the end is to win. B. Facts speak louder than words.
C. Failure is the mother of success. D. Things are not always what they seem.
【重点词汇】
1. property n. __________ 2. flare v. __________
3. evolution n. __________ 4. gravity n. __________
5. orbit v. __________ n. __________ 6. mass n. __________
7. theory n. __________ 8. experiment n. __________
【长难句翻译】
When astronomers get extremely lucky, a wandering black hole will pass between us and a random distant star. The light from that star bends around the black hole because of its gravity, and from our point of view, the star will appear to temporarily flare in brightness.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
七选五
Improved technology has enabled many corporations to operate internationally. These companies have entered foreign markets. 1 This has driven many businesses to include cultural intelligence as a qualification for promotion and employment. Psychologists have developed ways to measure and improve an employee’s cultural intelligence quotient (商) (CQ).
CQ is generally evaluated using written assessments similar to intelligence quotient (IQ) tests.
2 And it also checks personal knowledge of situations where extra care is required. Besides, it assesses the effectiveness of an employee’s plans for dealing with sensitive situations and the ability to put strategies to practical use.
As we all know, IQ is largely unchangeable. 3 Generally, CQ can be improved by training. People going through the training could score higher in CQ tests than those who don’t receive such training. These individuals generally accept belief systems other than their own.
4 For those with only occasional contact with members of a certain group, one night of reading may be enough to learn the basics of polite/impolite behavior of that culture. Those who make frequent trips may need to do more in-depth research. Online reading and conversations with foreign people are good approaches to enhancing cultural intelligence.
After learning about cultural differences, those with high CQ often develop plans to apply that knowledge to social interactions. Often, they examine their typical behaviors and compare them to the normal behaviors of another culture. For example, a person usually greeting business associates with a hug would attempt to predict the effects of that behavior on members of a society that’s more protective of personal space. 5
A. Like IQ, CQ is also important.
B. In contrast, CQ is quite different.
C. Thus, their workers need cultural sensitivity.
D. He would then adjust his behavior accordingly.
E. CQ testing can improve one’s cultural intelligence.
F. Improving cultural knowledge can easily increase CQ.
G. CQ testing measures one’s desire to be culturally sensitive.
【重点词汇】
1. corporation n. __________ 2. intelligence n. __________
3. occasional adj. __________ 4. in-depth adj. __________
5. protective adj. __________ 6. interaction n. __________
【长难句翻译】
Besides, it assesses the effectiveness of an employee’s plans for dealing with sensitive situations and the ability to put strategies to practical use.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【写作训练】
一、应用文
假定你是学校英文报的记者，你校于上周五举办了一场以“吟咏古风雅韵，传承诗意文道”为主题的中国古诗词吟诵比赛。请你用英语写一篇新闻报道。内容包括：
活动内容；
2. 活动反响。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
参考词汇：吟咏古风雅韵，传承诗意文道 Recite ancient verses, pass on poetic artistry
二、读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
I’m Tia, a passionate teenage girl, living next door to the corner of 71st Street. It’s my corner. Most folks find there’s nothing there, just an empty lot. But to me, it’s like a wide-open treasure box. Stepping into it, I feel like leaping into a sea of green. The tall grass, probably just weeds, with butterflies gathering around, smells clean and fresh, and I wonder why I’m the only one who’s thankful for this place.
One evening, Mama said, “Tia, the city wants to turn that corner of yours into a parking lot.” I stopped in my tracks. “No! They can’t do that!”
“Tia, you have to make them see what you see. Make some noise about it. No one ever got any place by sitting back and staying quiet.” That night, I lay awake thinking for a long time. “I’ve got to do something.”
Early the next morning I dragged a chair down to the corner with a big cardboard on which I’d painted “No Parking Lot! Save Our Nature” in large letters. I sat down and waited. Most people passed by, paying no attention to me. My friend Tanya asked me what I was doing, and I told her. Then came Mrs. DiRisio, a beauty shop owner, who angrily waved her hand at my sign, saying, “My customers need a place to park. You go home, little girl.” But I didn’t move. Then I noticed a woman down the street taking pictures of my corner. She walked over to me, smiling, “I’m Sara Bennett. Can I talk to you ” I nodded. I knew I needed to make some noise. I started talking, and Ms. Bennett scribbled on a notepad. “A walking path would be nice, maybe a vegetable garden. And a bench, so people could sit down and listen to the birds singing.” I was surprised at myself, at how many ideas I’d got for this corner.
The next morning, my brother burst into my room with a morning paper. “Fighting for Nature on the Corner of 71st” was the title of the article, and along with it was a picture of me!
After breakfast my brother, Mama and I dragged our chairs and signs back to the corner.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
【外刊精读】
原文
Maybe you’ve experienced it before: Your palms are sweating, your limbs feel weak or heavy, and your gut is unsettled. You’re nervous, and on the surface, you may or may not look calm and ready. Lebron James admits that even 20-plus years into his NBA career he still gets nervous — even before regular season games. Why Because he loves what he does and he loves that he’s still getting to do it. He welcomes the nerves: the nerves, he says, give him a sense of being present, of feeling alive.
So if you’re looking forward to a point in your athletic (or performance) career when you don’t get so nervous anymore, maybe it’s time to stop. Because the nerves don’t go away when you’re excited about what you are going to do. And the nerves can even help you to perform at your best. The trickiest things about nerves may be that they help or harm us insomuch as we believe that they help or harm us. Our perception of our nervousness — as perception usually does — becomes our reality.
One thing that helps to begin the process of shifting your perception of your nerves is to recognize that stress is not a dirty word. Stress can even be good. In fact, there’s a term in the social and behavioral sciences called eustress, meaning literally “good stress,” the kind of stimulus we have to have for learning and growth. Without eustress, we’re either bored or coasting along in our comfort zone, and therefore not getting any better at what we’d like to do.
Sport psychologists have done a lot of research on “individualized zones of optimal functioning”, which is the state of activation, unique to you and unique to each task you might be required to perform, necessary for you to be able to perform at your very best. Your optimal zone of functioning is one in which you’re sufficiently stressed. You’re not bored and you are not in a comfort zone. That state of activation could vary a great deal from sport to sport and even within one sport.
The best way to figure out our individualized zones of optimal functioning for each task we need to perform is to give ourselves the space for trial and error. We might get it wrong sometimes. We might overshoot a little and become too activated, be a little too amped, start a little too fast. We might overshoot a lot and tilt toward shutdown. But the only way you figure out what works for you is to give yourself the space to not get it right every time. Better yet, to give yourself the space to not get it right a lot of the time. Your whole season, you hone and tweak your way toward your peak event. And then after that, you rest, reflect, and then hone and tweak your way into your next season.
文本精读
Maybe you’ve experienced it before: Your palms are sweating, your limbs feel weak or heavy, and your gut is unsettled. You’re nervous, and on the surface, you may or may not look calm and ready. Lebron James admits that even 20-plus years into his NBA career he still gets nervous — even before regular season games. Why Because he loves what he does and he loves that he’s still getting to do it. He welcomes the nerves: the nerves, he says, give him a sense of being present, of feeling alive.
gut n. （尤指大的）胃，肚子；肠，肠道；内脏
unsettled adj. 不平稳的；不安的；不舒服的；（因担忧）不能集中精力的
译文：也许你也曾有过这样的经历：手心出汗，四肢虚软或沉重，肚子不舒服。你感到紧张，表面上你可能看起来冷静自若，也可能并非如此。勒布朗 詹姆斯坦言，即使他在NBA已经打了20多年，他仍然会感到紧张——即使是在常规赛前。为什么呢？因为他热爱自己所做的事情，且热爱自己仍然能够继续做这件事。他乐于接受这种紧张感：他认为，紧张感让他感觉到自己活在当下，一种活着的感觉。
So if you’re looking forward to a point in your athletic (or performance) career when you don’t get so nervous anymore, maybe it’s time to stop. Because the nerves don’t go away when you’re excited about what you are going to do. And the nerves can even help you to perform at your best. The trickiest things about nerves may be that they help or harm us insomuch as we believe that they help or harm us. Our perception of our nervousness — as perception usually does — becomes our reality.
insomuch adv. 到……的程度（因此）；由于，因为
perception n. 认知；看法；认识
译文：因此，如果你希望在自己的运动（或表演）生涯中，可以有一天不再感到那么紧张，也许是时候放弃这种想法了。因为当你对即将要做的事感到兴奋时，紧张的神经是不会消失的。事实上，紧张感还可能帮助你发挥出最佳表现。紧张最复杂的地方可能就在于它对我们到底是有益还是有害，取决于我们如何看待它们。我们对紧张的认知——正如大多数情况下的认知一样——最终变成了现实。
One thing that helps to begin the process of shifting your perception of your nerves is to recognize that stress is not a dirty word. Stress can even be good. In fact, there’s a term in the social and behavioral sciences called eustress, meaning literally “good stress,” the kind of stimulus we have to have for learning and growth. Without eustress, we’re either bored or coasting along in our comfort zone, and therefore not getting any better at what we’d like to do.
eustress n. 良性应激，积极压力
coast along 轻松地前进：指轻松地前进或行动，没有太多的努力或计划
【长难句分析】
In fact, there’s a term in the social and behavioral sciences called eustress, meaning literally “good stress,” the kind of stimulus we have to have for learning and growth.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
译文：在改变你对紧张的认知的过程中，有一点非常重要，那就是要认识到压力并不是一个不好的词。压力其实也可以是好的。事实上，在社会和行为科学中有一个术语叫“正向压力”，意思是“好的压力”，指的是我们在学习和成长过程中需要的一种刺激。没有正向压力，我们就会感到无聊，或者停留在舒适区，不再进步，也就无法在自己想做的事情上变得更好。
Sport psychologists have done a lot of research on “individualized zones of optimal functioning”, which is the state of activation, unique to you and unique to each task you might be required to perform, necessary for you to be able to perform at your very best. Your optimal zone of functioning is one in which you’re sufficiently stressed. You’re not bored and you are not in a comfort zone. That state of activation could vary a great deal from sport to sport and even within one sport.
optimal adj. 最佳的，最适的
activation n. 激活
【长难句分析】
Sport psychologists have done a lot of research on “individualized zones of optimal functioning”, which is the state of activation, unique to you and unique to each task you might be required to perform, necessary for you to be able to perform at your very best.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
译文：运动心理学家针对“个体化最佳功能区”进行了大量研究，这个概念指的是一种激活状态，这种状态因人而异，也因任务而异，只有在这种状态下，你才能发挥出最好的表现。你的最佳功能区就是在你承受足够压力的状态下，既不感到无聊，也不在舒适区。不同运动项目之间，甚至同一项运动的不同环节中，这个激活状态会有很大的差异。
The best way to figure out our individualized zones of optimal functioning for each task we need to perform is to give ourselves the space for trial and error. We might get it wrong sometimes. We might overshoot a little and become too activated, be a little too amped, start a little too fast. We might overshoot a lot and tilt toward shutdown. But the only way you figure out what works for you is to give yourself the space to not get it right every time. Better yet, to give yourself the space to not get it right a lot of the time. Your whole season, you hone and tweak your way toward your peak event. And then after that, you rest, reflect, and then hone and tweak your way into your next season.
trial n. 试验，试用
overshoot vt. 超越；打过头；把……做过头
amped adj. 处于亢奋状态的，兴奋的
tilt v. 倾斜；转向，倒向
hone v. 磨炼，训练（尤指技艺）
tweak v. 微调，稍微调整
译文：找出适合自己的个体化最佳功能区的最佳方式，就是给自己一些试错的空间。我们有时可能会犯错，可能会过度激活，兴奋得太过，或者起步太快。也可能会行动过火，最终走向崩溃。但是，唯一能找到适合自己的方法，就是给自己一些容错的空间。更好的是，给自己空间，允许自己大多数时候不太完美。在整个赛季中，你会不断磨炼和调整自己的方法，逐步走向自己的巅峰状态。结束后，你休息、反思，然后再磨炼调整自己，迎接下一个赛季的挑战。
参考答案：
【词汇冲关】
一、中译英
1. mood n. 情绪，心情；气氛，氛围
2. vary vi. （根据情况）变化，变更；相异，不同 vt. 变更，改变
3. impress vt. & vi. 使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到
4. expand vt. & vi. 增加，扩大；扩展，发展（业务）；详谈，详述
5. multiple adj. 数量多的，多样的
6. property n. 性质，特性；所有物，财产；不动产
7. appropriate adj. 合适的
8. estimate vt. 估计，估价 n. 估计；估计的成本
9. consume vt. 吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费（尤指燃料、能量或时间）
10. deserve vt. 值得，应得
11. pleasant adj. 令人愉快的，可喜的；友好的，和善的
12. rural adj. 乡村的，农村的
plicated adj. 复杂的，难懂的
14. remarkable adj. 非凡的，奇异的，显著的，引人注目的
15. brilliant adj. 聪颖的，技艺高的；巧妙的；很成功的；明亮的
二、英译中
association n. 联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往
2. generate vt. 产生，引起
3. digest vt. & vi. 消化；领会，理解 n. 摘要，文摘
4. scenery n. 风景，景色；舞台布景
5. adorable adj. 可爱的，讨人喜爱的
6. loose adj. 不受约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的
7. stimulate vt. 促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋
8. emphasis n. (pl. emphases) 强调，重视；重读
9. mixture n. 混合物；混合，结合
10. overcome vt. (overcame, overcome) 受到……的极大影响；克服，解决；战胜
11. dramatic adj. 激动人心的，引人注目的；突然的；戏剧的；夸张的
12. sorrow n. 悲伤，悲痛；伤心事
13. gifted adj. 有才华的，有天赋的
14. upset adj. 难过的，失望的 vt. 使烦恼；搅乱；打翻
15. abandon vt. 中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃
三、词性转换
1. vary vi. （根据情况）变化，变更；相异，不同 vt. 变更，改变
various adj. 各种各样的，不同的
variety n. 不同种类，变体，多样化
2. relieve vt. 解除，减轻；缓和，缓解
relief n. 宽慰，解脱；减轻；缓和
relieved adj. 感到宽慰的，放心的
3. combine vi. & vt. 结合，联合
combination n. 结合体，联合体；联合，混合
4. consume vt. 吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费（尤指燃料、能量或时间）
consumption n. 消费，消耗
consumer n. 消费者
5. mix vt. & vi. （使）混合；调配；交往
mixture 混合物；混合，结合
6. transform vi. & vt. （使）变形，（使）改观，（使）转化
transformation n. 改变；变革
7. adaptation n. 改编本，改写本，适应
adapt v. 改变，适应
adaptable adj. 能适应的；可修改的
8. suitable adj. 合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的
suit vt. 对……合适；合身 vi. 合适，相称 n. 一套衣服，套装
9. breath n. 呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量，迹象
breathe v. 呼吸
10. expectation n. 希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望
expect v. 期望；指望；认为；预料
四、高频短语
1. throw oneself into 投身于，热衷于
2. fall apart 破碎，破裂；崩溃
3. hit the spot 使人满意，正合需要
4. out of this world 好（或美等）得不得了，非凡，呱呱叫
5. do the trick 奏效，起作用，达到目的
6. rely on 依赖，依靠；信任
7. for good measure 作为额外增添
8. consist of 由……组成（或构成）
9. get down to (doing) sth 开始做某事，开始认真注意（或对待）某事
10. all of a sudden 突然，猛地
【语法突破】
（一）
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了中国舞蹈剧《李白》在国外社交媒体平台上首次亮相，在世界各地的艺术爱好者中掀起了一股讨论中国文化之美的新浪潮。
1. creating 考查非谓语动词。句意：一部中国舞剧在国外社交媒体平台上首次全球亮相，在世界各地的艺术爱好者中掀起了关于中国文化之美的新一轮讨论。句子谓语为has made，且句中无连词，设空处需填非谓语动词作状语，create与逻辑主语A Chinese dance drama为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填creating。
2. has struck 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：《李白》是中国国家歌剧舞剧院的经典作品，通过讲述文学巨匠李白迄今为止的一生历程，引起了全球观众的共鸣。根据时间状语so far可知，谓语动词应使用现在完成时态；句子主语为Li Bai，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式；strike的过去分词为struck。故填has struck。
3. remarkable 考查形容词。句意：经过一年的改进，这项非凡的作品又回到了中心舞台。设空处后为名词work，修饰名词需要用形容词作定语。remark的形容词形式为remarkable，意为“引人注目的，非凡的，举世瞩目的”。故填remarkable。
4. to integrate 考查非谓语动词。句意：新音乐巧妙地结合管弦乐，与舞蹈、戏剧相结合，给观众一种耳目一新的感觉。句子谓语为was designed，且句中无连词，设空处需填非谓语动词作状语，integrate，意为“(使)合并，成为一体”，设空处应用动词不定式，表目的。故填to integrate。
5. which 考查定语从句。句意：新音乐巧妙地结合管弦乐，与舞蹈、戏剧相结合，给观众一种耳目一新的感觉。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前句提到的事，在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。
6. greeted 考查动词时态。句意：三个月前，这首经典曲目在国家大剧院上演，门票售罄。句中缺少谓语动词，且根据时间状语three months ago可知，应用一般过去时。故填greeted。
7. was viewed 考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：《李白》的观看次数超过550万次，回复超过133万次。陈述过去发生的动作用一般过去时态；Li Bai和view为被动关系，需用被动语态；主语为第三人称单数，谓语应用第三人称单数。故填was viewed。
8. responses 考查名词。句意：《李白》的观看次数超过550万次，回复超过133万次。空前是介词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，response意为“答复”，为可数名词，根据空前的more than 1.33 million，用复数形式。故填responses。
9. the 考查冠词。句意：中国通过讲述这位伟大诗人的故事，再次传承了自己的优秀传统，以自己的方式弘扬了中华文化。此处“伟大的诗人”特指李白，需用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
10. on 考查介词。句意：中国通过讲述这位伟大诗人的故事，再次传承了自己的优秀传统，以自己的方式弘扬了中华文化。pass on为固定短语，意为“传递”。故填on。
（二）
本文是一篇说明文。越来越多的孩子被生态焦虑所困扰，他们对气候变化、污染及生物多样性的丧失等问题感到担心。
1. a 考查冠词。此处表泛指，且problem以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
2. pollution 考查名词。空处与“climate change”和“the loss of biodiversity”并列作about的宾语，应用名词，故填pollution。
3. to call 考查非谓语动词。这敦促教育专家呼吁在学校进行更多关于气候变化、野生动植物和环境的教学。urge sb. to do sth.是固定用法，故填to call。call for“呼吁”。
4. that 考查连词。现在有关它们（气候变化、野生动植物和环境）的知识如此必要以至于专家认为这些知识应该被教授给所有年龄段的学生。分析句子结构可知，此处考查的是so ... that ...“如此……以至于……”结构的倒装形式，故填that。
5. feels 考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的finds和上下文内容可知，此处陈述客观情况，应用一般现在时；“one in + 基数词 + 名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填feels。
6. struggling 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查动名词的复合结构，lead to sb. doing sth.“致使某人做某事”，故填struggling。
7. has taken 考查时态。根据句意和下文中since从句中的时态可知，此处应用现在完成时，表示到目前为止已经完成的动作，故填has taken。
8. on 考查介词。have an effect on“对……有影响”，是固定搭配，故填on。
9. important 考查形容词。空处在句中作表语，构成“It is + adj. + to do sth.”结构，故填important。
10. effectively 考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故填effectively。
【阅读基础】
A
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四项不同年代流行的健身运动。
1. A 细节理解题。根据Aerobics — 1970s部分中“Aerobics took off to improve the cardiovascular (心血管) system in a fun way and dance moves were combined with fitness movements, such as leg raises and marching in place.”可知，健美操结合了舞蹈的动作。故选A项。
2. B 细节理解题。根据Spinning — 1990s部分中“Color changing lights, high-energy music and enthusiastic instructors have turned spin classes into a lively group activity ...”和CrossFit—2000s部分中“CrossFit has been a team favorite in the fitness scene since the 2000s.”可知，Spinning动感单车和CrossFit混合健身都可以成为团体运动。故选B项。
3. B 推理判断题。根据HIIT — 2020s部分中“It can be done through free online classes without any equipment, making it an affordable workout at home.”可知，HIIT可以在家跟着网上免费课程训练，无需任何器材，所以这项运动是非常经济实惠且方便开展的。故选B项。
【重点词汇】
1. fitness n. 健康；适合 2. revolution n. 革命；重大变革
3. enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的 4. endurance n. 耐力；持久力
【长难句翻译】
Aerobics inspired many different spin-offs from dance and step aerobics, to even water-based classes, all set to music.
有氧操激发了多种不同的衍生形式，从舞蹈和阶梯有氧操，甚至到水上课程，所有这些都伴随着音乐进行。
B
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了我喜欢不事先计划的旅行方式，并且讲述了旅行过程中遇见的许多惊喜。
4. C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“My way of travelling is different. I just pick a destination and then go there, leaving things to chance.”可知，作者第一段提到朋友的旅行计划是为了引出下文自己与朋友截然不同的旅行方式。故选C项。
5. D 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“On the way, a young woman talked to me and gave me a tip for a visit to a hidden local restaurant with delicious and affordable food. There, I enjoyed the meal surrounded by the relaxing local music.”可知，作者在Trinidad旅行时，在当地一家隐蔽的餐馆享用了一顿美餐。故选D项。
6. B 细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Most of them have never gone outside; others even never left their hometown. In many cases, they express a sense of fear, of going someplace where they won’t know anybody.”可知，学生们不愿意出门旅行的原因主要是对未知的恐惧。故选B项。
7. C 主旨大意题。根据全文以及最后一段“One that struck me was, ‘I wish I had taken more chances.’ Setting off little planning does mean taking a risk, but for me, it is rewarding.”可知，文章主要讲述了作者不做计划旅游方式所带来的意外之惊喜。C项“Travels Unprepared Bring Surprise（毫无准备的旅行带来的惊喜）”最适合作本文标题。故选C项。
【重点词汇】
1. destination n. 目的地；终点 2. chance n. 机会；可能性；偶然；运气
3. approach v. 接近；靠近；着手处理；开始考虑
4. express v. 表达；表示；快递；寄（信或包裹等）
5. complete v. 完成；使圆满；使齐全 adj. 完全的；完整的；彻底的；完成的
6. rewarding adj. 值得的；有益的；有意义的
【长难句翻译】
She turned out to be a source of knowledge about the area, which we had all to ourselves, without a tourist in sight.
她成了这个地区知识的宝库，而且那里只有我们自己人，完全看不到游客的身影。
完形填空
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者身在异国他乡，感到格格不入，后来作者在当地一家动物收容所做志愿者，作者在这里照顾一只名叫Luna的猫的经历让作者发生了改变，找到了归属感。
1. A 句意：这很艰难，尤其适应一个陌生的环境。根据空后的“especially fitting into an unfamiliar environment”可知，作者难以融入陌生的环境中。A. tough“艰难的”；B. dangerous“危险的”；C. exciting“令人兴奋的”；D. rewarding“值得做的”。故选A。
2. C 句意：在家工作增加了我的孤独感，因为我被切断了社交互动。根据空后的“as I was cut off from social interactions”可知，作者在家工作，无法与外界交流，所以感到孤独。A. happiness“幸福”；B. interest“兴趣”；C. loneliness“寂寞”；D. guilt“愧疚”。故选C。
3. D 句意：然而，在当地动物收容所当志愿者改变了一切。根据However前后的语境可知，作者在收容所当志愿者之前感觉难以融入和孤独，但来到收容所后作者发生了改变。A. upset“使烦恼”；B. cost“需付费”；C. challenged“向……挑战”；D. changed“改变”。故选D。
4. A 句意：到达收容所后，我立刻被一只灰白色的小猫Luna吸引住了。根据空后的“to a small, grey and white cat named Luna immediately”可知，作者被这只名叫Luna的猫吸引了。A. drawn“吸引”；B. compared“比较”；C. driven“驾驶，驱使”；D. devoted“献身，致力”。故选A。
5. B 句意：Luna被遗弃，害怕人类，她躲在角落里发抖。根据空前的“Found abandoned and terrified of humans”和空后的“in the corner, shaking”可知，由于害怕，Luna躲在角落里发抖。A. played“玩耍”；B. hid“隐藏”；C. slept“睡觉”；D. relaxed“（使）放松”。故选B。
6. D 句意：她孤独的绿色眼睛似乎反映了我在这片异国他乡的流离失所感。根据第一段内容并结合句中的“Her lonely green eyes”和“my own sense of displacement in this foreign land”可知，作者在异国他乡感到难以融入和孤独，这只猫的处境让作者产生了共鸣，她孤独的绿色眼睛反映了作者在异国他乡的流离失所感。A. reject“拒绝”；B. control“控制”；C. cover“覆盖”；D. mirror“反映，映照”。故选D。
7. D 句意：我的任务是慢慢获得Luna的信任，帮助她适应，这与我适应这个新地方的努力相似。根据下文中的“made this little creature gradually open her heart to me”并结合常识可知，作者照顾这只猫时需要获得她的信任。A. praise“表扬”；B. sympathy“同情”；C. forgiveness“原谅”；D. trust“信任”。故选D。
8. B 句意同上。根据空前的“help her adjust”可知，帮助猫适应的过程与作者努力适应新地方的过程类似。A. escape from“从……逃跑”；B. adapt to“适应”；C. get around“各处走动”；D. search for“寻找”。故选B。
9. A 句意：日子一天天过去，我和Luna结下了不解之缘。根据下文“The process of feeding her, speaking softly, and the _______ required to look after her made this little creature gradually open her heart to me. Her ________ encouraged me to step outside, make new friends, and become part of the community.”可知，随着时间流逝，Luna和作者之间建立了融洽的关系，他和猫都发生了潜移默化的改变。A. bond“联系，关系”；B. plan“计划”；C. habit“习惯”；D. skill“技巧”。故选A。
10. D 句意：喂养她的过程，轻声细语，以及照顾她的耐心，让这个小家伙逐渐向我敞开了心扉。根据空后的“required to look after her”并结合常识可知，照顾流浪猫需要耐心。A. guidance“指导”；B. independence“独立”；C. confidence“自信”；D. patience“耐心”。故选D。
11. B 句意：她的接受鼓励我走出去，结交新朋友，成为社区的一部分。根据上文中的“The process of feeding her, speaking softly, and the _______ required to look after her made this little creature gradually open her heart to me.”可知，猫逐渐向作者打开了心扉，她接受了作者。A. courage“勇气”；B. acceptance“接受；接纳”；C. assistance“帮助”；D. curiosity“好奇心”。故选B。
12. B 句意：我在收容所的时间为我在一个新国家安定下来提供了宝贵的见解。根据下文中的“It is an inspiring experience of ______ gaps of language and culture and a journey of personal growth. From it, I realized the value of time, love, and a(n) ______ heart in forming meaningful relationships.”可知，作者在收容所的经历让作者对在异国安顿下来有了新的见解。A. innovation“创新”；B. insight“洞察力，洞悉，了解”；C. investigation“调查”；D. investment“投资”。故选B。
13. C 句意：这是一次弥合语言和文化隔阂的鼓舞人心的经历，也是一次个人成长之旅。根据空后的“gaps of language and culture”可知，这里指消除语言和文化隔阂。bridge the gap意为“消除隔阂”。A. leaving“离开”；B. widening“拓宽”；C. bridging“在……上架桥”；D. creating“创造”。故选C。
14. A 句意：从中我意识到了时间、爱和一颗开放的心在建立有意义的关系方面的价值。根据上文中的“This was ______, especially fitting into an unfamiliar environment.”并结合作者和猫之间的经历可知，作者曾经难以适应新环境，但与猫的相处经历让他明白了保持一颗开放的心对建立关系的意义。A. open“开发的，敞开的”；B. simple“简单的；易理解的”；C. strong“强壮的”；D. innocent“无辜的，清白的”。故选A。
15. C 句意：这段旅程帮助我在一片陌生的土地上找到了归属感。根据上文中的“Her ______ encouraged me to step outside, make new friends, and become part of the community.”和空后的“in an unfamiliar land”可知，作者在与猫相处的过程中获得了成长，学着走出去社交，他在陌生的地方找到了归属感。A. responsibility“责任”；B. security“安全”；C. belonging“归属”；D. freedom“自由”。故选C。
【阅读提升】
C
本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了好奇心和不满足感对于成功的重要性，认为这两种深层次的人类驱策力比野心更重要。
1. A 推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make a difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance — curiosity and discontent.”以及下文内容可知，作者在第一段提出了文章的论点，告诉我们成就卓越的人和表现一般的人的区别，即好奇和不满。由此可知，在第一段中，作者提出了一个论点。故选A。
2. D 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，作者通过伽利略的例子告诉我们人类的强烈欲望比雄心壮志更重要，历史上所有伟大的人物，他们的成功正是因为对事物的好奇和不断探索。由此可知，伽利略的例子告诉我们伟大来自对探索的持久渴望。故选D。
3. B 推理判断题。根据第三段中“‘The great man,’ said Mencius, ‘is he who does not lose his child’s heart.’ Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average.”以及第四段中“But once we had met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been if we had missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.”可知，要唤起我们的好奇心和不满，我们需要做与段落中相反的事，即我们要不满足于现状，勇于探索，勇于提出问题。由此可知，你能通过培养质疑的思维来重新找回好奇心和不满。故选B。
4. C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done.”以及最后一段内容可知，文章最后两段强调：不要以自己没有时间和才能为借口而不去采取行动。并建议读者记住：没有比现在更好的开始时间，因为你永远不会比此刻更有活力。故选C。
【重点词汇】
1. curiosity n. 求知欲，好奇心 2. discontent n. 不满，不满足
3. urge n. 强烈欲望，冲动 4. ambition n. 雄心，抱负
5. hesitation n. 犹豫，迟疑 6. modestly adv. 谦虚地，谦恭地
7. discourage v. 使气馁，使沮丧 8. genius n. 天才；智商很高的人
【长难句翻译】
Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.
当伽利略从比萨斜塔上扔下不同重量的物体，并测量它们落地所需的时间时，他不仅仅是有野心那么简单。
D
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了微引力透镜效应的概念、天文学家通过这一技术寻找黑洞的过程，以及不同团队在估计潜在黑洞质量时产生的差异。
5. B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Sometimes it’s tough being an astronomer. Nature likes to hide the most interesting things from easy observation.”可知，作者说天文学家很难是因为大自然喜欢把最有趣的东西隐藏起来，不让人轻易观察。故选B。
6. D 推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容可知，本段的例子试图证明的是首句的观点：“To date, the only way astronomers have been able to spot black holes is through their influence on their environments.”，即天文学家能够发现黑洞的唯一方法是通过它们对周围环境的影响。故选D。
7. C 推理判断题。根据文章第四段、第六段以及第七段中“When astronomers get extremely lucky, a wandering black hole will pass between us and a random distant star. The light from that star bends around the black hole because of its gravity, and from our point of view, the star will appear to temporarily flare in brightness.”可知，黑洞周围的发光物体有时可以帮助天文学家找到它们。故选C。
8. D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容“Two teams used the same data, a microlensing event recorded from both the OGLE (Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment) telescope in Chile and the MOA (Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics) telescope in New Zealand. One team found that the mass was somewhere around seven times the mass of the sun — definitely black hole territory. But the other team estimated a much smaller mass, around 2–4 times the mass of the Sun.”可知，最后一段提到了分析微透镜事件的两个团队在质量估计上的差异。这种差异表明，即使有科学数据和分析，一个物体的真实性质也可能无法立即显现。由此推知，不同的结论表明，即使有科学证据，事情也并不总是像它们看起来的那样。故选D。
【重点词汇】
1. property n. 性质；特性；属性 2. flare v. 闪耀，突发光亮
3. evolution n. 演变；发展；渐进 4. gravity n. 重力，引力
5. orbit v. 绕轨道运行 n. 轨道 6. mass n. 质量
7. theory n. 理论 8. experiment n. 实验
【长难句翻译】
When astronomers get extremely lucky, a wandering black hole will pass between us and a random distant star. The light from that star bends around the black hole because of its gravity, and from our point of view, the star will appear to temporarily flare in brightness.
当天文学家极其幸运的时候，一个流浪黑洞会恰好经过我们与一颗随机遥远的恒星之间。由于黑洞的引力作用，那颗恒星发出的光线会在黑洞周围弯曲，而从我们的视角来看，那颗恒星会似乎暂时性地变得异常明亮，仿佛闪耀了一下。
七选五
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了文化智商（CQ）的概念、测量方式、与IQ的区别、提升方法及其在国际企业运营中的重要性。
1. C 根据空前“Improved technology has enabled many corporations to operate internationally. These companies have entered foreign markets.”可知，接下来的内容应该涉及进入外国市场后面临的挑战或者需求。C选项“Thus, their workers need cultural sensitivity. (因此，他们的员工需要文化敏感性。)”承接上文，符合语境。故选C。
2. G 根据空前“CQ is generally evaluated using written assessments similar to intelligence quotient (IQ) tests.”和空后内容可知，本空应该描述CQ测试的内容或方式。G选项“CQ testing measures one’s desire to be culturally sensitive. (CQ测试衡量一个人对文化敏感性的渴望。)”承上启下，进一步阐述了CQ测试，符合语境。故选G。
3. B 根据空前“As we all know, IQ is largely unchangeable.”和空后“Generally, CQ can be improved by training.”可知，本空为一个转折，B选项“In contrast, CQ is quite different. (相比之下，CQ则截然不同。)”引出CQ是“可以改变的”这一特性，承上启下，符合语境。故选B。
4. F 根据空后内容可知，对于那些只与某个群体偶尔接触的人来说，一个晚上的阅读可能足以了解该文化礼仪基础，那些经常出差的人可能需要做更深入的研究。在线阅读和与外国人交谈是提高文化理解力的好方法。F选项“Improving cultural knowledge can easily increase CQ. (提高文化知识可以轻松提高CQ。)”概括了这段的主旨，即提高CQ的一个有效途径是提高文化知识。故选F。
5. D 根据空前内容可知，一个通常会用拥抱来问候商业伙伴的人，会尝试预测这种行为在一个更注重个人空间的社会成员中会产生什么影响。D选项“He would then adjust his behavior accordingly. (然后，他会相应地调整自己的行为。)”说明了具体的行为改变，承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
1. corporation n. 公司；企业；团体 2. intelligence n. 才智；智慧；情报
3. occasional adj. 偶尔发生的；间或的 4. in-depth adj. 深入的；彻底的
5. protective adj. 保护的；防护的 6. interaction n. 互动；互相作用
【长难句翻译】
Besides, it assesses the effectiveness of an employee’s plans for dealing with sensitive situations and the ability to put strategies to practical use.
此外，它还评估员工处理敏感情况计划的有效性以及将策略付诸实践的能力。
【写作训练】
一、应用文
Recite ancient verses, pass on poetic artistry
Last Friday, our school witnessed a Chinese Poetry Recitation Competition which aimed to create a rich literary atmosphere on our campus.
During the event, students gathered to recite classical Chinese poems from various dynasties. They demonstrated great public speaking skills and offered unique understanding of their poems, while expressing their deep appreciation for the timeless charm of Chinese classical poetry.
A student interviewed said that he was deeply impressed by the participants’ skillful performance. This competition successfully encouraged students to explore the everlasting beauty and cultural richness of our poetic heritage.
二、读后续写
Paragraph 1:
To my amazement, I saw some familiar faces approaching us. My friend Tanya and her family, each carrying a chair, joined us! “Tia, you’ve come up with some great ideas for this corner. We really need a bit of nature around here,” she said. More and more neighbors showed up, waving signs and making a racket, including Mrs. DiRisio. Mom encouraged me to make a speech at the city council meeting. A few days later, I did just that. “If this is the last little bit of nature in our neighborhood,” I began, “doesn’t it make sense to try and save it ” Everyone applauded at the end of my speech.
Paragraph 2:
A year later, the sign on the corner officially confirmed it. Now we have a winding walking path that leads through the 71st Street Nature Preserve. There’s a stone bench and plans for a vegetable garden. School groups come here to collect leaves and study insects and birds. People come here to walk, run, or just sit, talking, laughing, and listening to the birds sing. My corner isn’t just mine anymore, but I’m more than happy to share it.
【外刊精读】
参考答案：
【长难句分析】
In fact, there’s a term in the social and behavioral sciences called eustress, meaning literally “good stress,” the kind of stimulus we have to have for learning and growth.
分析：本句是一个复合句。句子的主干是there be句型。介词短语“in the social and behavioral sciences”和过去分词短语“called eustress”共同作后置定语，修饰“a term”。现在分词短语“meaning literally ‘good stress’”作伴随状语，解释说明“a term”。“the kind of stimulus we have to have for learning and growth”作“good stress”的同位语，对其进行解释说明。“we have to have for learning and growth”是省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词“stimulus”。
Sport psychologists have done a lot of research on “individualized zones of optimal functioning”, which is the state of activation, unique to you and unique to each task you might be required to perform, necessary for you to be able to perform at your very best.
分析：本句是一个复合句。非限制性定语从句“which is the state of activation”对先行词“individualized zones of optimal functioning”进行补充说明；“you might be required to perform”是省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词“task”。三个形容词短语“unique to you”“unique to each task you might be required to perform”和“necessary for you to be able to perform at your very best”作后置定语，解释说明“the state of activation”。

展开更多......

收起↑