初中英语词性和句子成分讲解期末复习学案【新人教(2024)版七上英语】

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初中英语词性和句子成分讲解期末复习学案【新人教(2024)版七上英语】

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词类、句子类型、句子成分
【考点一:词类】
英语中的词可根据词义、句法作用和形式特征,分为十大类,称为词类,它们是: 21世纪教育网在这十种词类中,前六种可以在句子中独立担任成分。如名词可以作主语、宾语等,动词可用作谓语等,称为实词。介词、连词、冠词、感叹词都不能独立在句子中担任任何成分,称为虚词。21*cnjy*com
即时演练:
难易程度:一般★★★
( ) 1. 形容词的英语名称是____________。
A. adj. B. adv. C. V.
( ) 2. 词总共分为几类?
A. 一类 B. 四类 C. 十类
( ) 3. 实词共有几种?
A. 四种 B. 六种 C. 十种
( ) 4. 名词属于 ____________。21世纪教育网版权所有
A. 实词 B. 虚词
( ) 5. 形容词 ____________。
A. 表示人或事物的特征 B. 表示动作特征或形状特征
( ) 6. 可“用在名词前,帮助说明其意义”的是 ____________。21*cnjy*com
A. 介词 B. 冠词
( ) 7. 可“用来连接词与词或句与句”的是 ____________。
A. conj. B. adv.
( ) 8. My name is Jack. 该句中,name是_____________。
A. 名词 B. 动词 C. 形容词
( ) 9. Jim doesn’t go to school today. 该句中,to是_____________。
A. 动词 B. 连词 C. 介词
( ) 10. The old woman gets off the bus. 该句中,old是_____________。
A. n. B. adj. C. prep.
( ) 11. It is clean and bright. 该句中,clean是_____________。
A. 动词 B. 形容词21世纪教育网 C. 介词
( ) 12. There are some big trees and red flowers in the picture. 该句中,some是_____________。
A. prep. B. pron. C. n.
( ) 13. His son is asleep with a thick book under his head. 该句中,asleep是_____________。
A. adj. B. v. 21*cnjy*com C. n.
( ) 14. He speaks English. 该句中,speak是_____________。
A. 动词 B. 名词 C. 介词
( ) 15. Mary is an American girl. 该句中,an是_____________。
A. 形容词 B. 介词 C. 冠词
( ) 16. She is going to the zoo to see elephants and monkeys. 该句中,the是_____________。
A. 冠词 B. 连词 C. 名词
( ) 17. Half an hour later he comes back with a red bag in his hand. 该句中,with是_____________。
A. v. B. int. C. prep.
( ) 18. He saw a card on the table when he came back home. 该句中,when是_____________。
A. conj. B. prep. C. conj. 21*cnjy*com
( ) 19. His mother told him it was in his schoolbag and he found his present in it. 该句中,was是_____________。
A. conj. B. prep. C. v.
( ) 20. Tom is only a six years old boy, but he always makes the bed by himself. 该句中,数词和代词各有一个对吗?21*cnjy*com
A. 对 B. 不对
【考点二:句子成分】
口诀:2主语谓语是基础,宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数,动词作谓不可无!教育网
即时演练:
难易程度:一般★★★
单选:
( ) 1. ____________ 是一句话的中心。
A. 主语 B. 谓语
( ) 2. ____________ 是主语的主要情况。
A. 定语 B. 谓语
( ) 3. ____________ 修饰名词或代词。
A. 状语 B. 定语21世纪教育网
( ) 4. ____________ 修饰动词、形容词或副词。
A. 状语 B. 定语
( ) 5. ____________ 和系动词一道构成谓语。
A. 定语 B. 表语 C. 状语
( ) 6. ____________ 表示动作的承受者。21世纪教育网版权所
A. 定语 B. 宾语 C. 谓语
( ) 7. We are proud of our country. 在该句中,proud为____________。
A. 主语 B. 表语 C. 定语
( ) 8. Charles sent the plans to us. 在该句中,sent为____________。
A. 主语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语21世纪教育网
( ) 9. It’s a heavy schoolbag. 在该句中,heavy为____________。
A. 定语 B. 状语
( ) 10. But everyone in the hospital works hard. 该句中,in the hospital为____________。
A. 定语 B. 状语 C. 表语
( ) 11. He feels better. 该句中,better为____________。
A. 主语 B. 谓语 C. 表语21世纪教育网
( ) 12. She is good at English. 该句中,she为____________。
A. 主语 B. 宾语 C. 定语
判断:
( ) 1. 主语是一句话的中心。
A、正确 B、错误
( ) 2. 形容词通常用来作定语。21世纪教育网版权所
A、正确 B、错误
( ) 3. 表语和定语一道构成谓语动词。
A、正确 B、错误
( ) 4. He is looking at the sky. 该句中宾语是the sky.
A、正确 B、错误
( ) 5. I’ll go and see her on Friday. 该句有两个谓语,两个宾语。
A、正确 B、错误21世纪教育网
( ) 6. Jenny was very sad this morning. 该句中状语是this morning.
A、正确 B、错误
( ) 7. Linda is a happy girl. 该句中,happy作定语。
A、正确 B、错误
( ) 8. The girl dances beautifully. 该句中beautifully为形容词,修饰the girl.
A、正确 B、错误21世纪教育网版权所
练习:指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
【考点三:句子结构】
从结构上说,可分为三类:简单句、并列句、复合句1、简单句---句子成分都由单词或短语担任,且只有一个主谓结构。eg: I love reading books. 我喜欢读书。2、并列句---句子成分都有单词或短语担当,但有两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构。eg: I love reading books and I love playing sports. 我既喜欢读书,又喜欢做运动。复合句---有一个或更多成分由从句担任。eg: I love reading books when I am free. 当我有空的时候,我喜欢读书。 ★简单句的五种基本句型S(主)+Vi(谓)(不及物动词) eg: 1. The sun │was shining. 2. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 3. Who │cares S(主)+Vt(谓)(及物动词)+ O(宾) eg: 1. Who │knows │the answer 2. He │enjoys │reading. 3. He│ate │an apple. 4. He │said │"Good morning." S(主)+V(系)+P(表) eg: 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.2. The dinner │smells │good. 3. Everything │looks │different. 4. His face │turned │red. (4)S(主)+V(谓)+O(间宾)+O(直宾) eg: 1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 4. I │showed │him │my pictures. (5)S(主)+V(谓)+O(宾)+C(宾补) eg: 1.The scene│ makes│ me │cry. 2. We │ found│ the hall│ full of people. 3. They │painted │the door │green.
判断类型和句子成分:
难易程度:较难★★★★★
1.She came. 2. She likes English.
3. She is happy. 4. She bought me a book.
5. The teacher asked me to read the passage.

6. She makes her mother angry.
7.They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。

8. The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好。

9. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。

10. His face turned red. 他的脸红了。

11. Who knows the answer 谁知道答案?

12. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
13. He bought you a dictionary. 他给你买了本字典。
14. She ordered herself a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。
15. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。
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