资源简介

be native to+地方 (动植物)原产于(某地)
be a native of+地方 …本地人；原产于某地的…
have/take a +adj. +attitude to/towards…
对…采取…的态度
refer (v.)提到，参考，查阅-reference (n.)
refer to指的是,提到;查阅 refer to A as B 将A称为B
refer to a dictionary 查字典
reference books参考书 in/with reference to 关于…
the solar/educational/nervous system
太阳系/教育制度/神经系统
despite (prep.) =in spite of 即使，尽管
despite doing sth尽管做了某事
despite the fact that 尽管…的事实
[注：despite, in spite of, regardless of是介词，后接名词/代词/动名词；而though/although/even if/even though是连词，后接从句]
ups and downs浮沉，兴衰，荣辱
the key/major/main factors 关键/重要/主要因素
base (v.) 以…为基础; (n.)根据
-basis (n.)基础-based (adj.)以…为基础的
base A on/upon B 把A建立在B的基础上
be based on/upon… 建立在…基础上
on the basis of… 在…的基础上
on a regular/daily/monthly basis 定期/每天/每个月
symbol (n.)-symbolize (v.)-symbolic (adj.)象征性的
a symbol of power/hope 力量的/希望的象征
vary (v.)不同；改变-variety (n.)多样化-variation (n.)变体-various (adj.)各种各样的
a variety of或varieties of… 各种各样的
vary from A to B 从A到B变化
vary between A and B 从…到…不等
vary with… 随着…而变化
major (adj.)主要的-majority (n.) 大多数，大部分
[反] minor (adj.)次要的-minority (n.) 少数
the majority of… …的大多数
means (n.)方式
a means of… 一种…的方式 by means of… 凭借…
by all means 当然行 by no means 绝不
classic (adj.) 经典的，优秀的
classical (adj.) 古典的，传统的
a classic example/novel 典型例子/最佳小说
classical music/ballet/architecture 古典音乐/芭蕾/建筑
regard (v.)看待(n.)尊重-regards (pl.)问好
-regarding (prep.) 关于，至于
regard A as B 将A看作B
with/in regard to 关于，至于
have/show high regard for… 非常尊重…
globe(n.)球体-global(adj.)全球的-globally(adv.)全球地 global warming全球变暖
public/ family/ foreign/ international/ global affairs
公共/ 家庭/ 外交/ 国际/ 全球 事务
appreciate(v.)- appreciation(n.) -appreciative(adj.)感激；欣赏 感激；欣赏 感激的
appreciate sb/sb’s doing sth 感激某人做某事
I would appreciate it if… 如果…,我将不胜感激。
in appreciation of… 感谢…
carve (v.)雕刻-carving (n.)雕刻；雕刻品
To be specific, … 具体来说，…
a specific purpose一个特定的目的
specific instructions 明确的指示
(v.) struggle for… 为…而斗争
struggle against/with… 与…斗争
struggle to do sth 努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
(n.) It is a struggle (for sb) to do sth某人做某事很难
beg-begged-begged-begging (v.)乞求，哀求
beg for food/money… 乞讨食物/金钱
beg sb to do sth祈求某人做某事
equal(adj.)平等的-equally(adv.) -equality(n.)平等
[反]unequal (adj.)不平等的
be equal to… 与…相等；能胜任
be equal in… 在…方面平等/相同
be without equal 无与伦比
demand(v./n.)要求，需求-demanding(a.)要求高的
(n.) a demand for sth对…的需求
in demand 需求大
meet one’s demands (for sth) 满足某人对某物的需求
(v.) demand to do sth 要求做某事
demand that … (should) do… 要求做某事（虚拟语气）
It is demanded that … (should) do… 要求做某事（虚拟）
describe(v.)-description(n.)-descriptive(a.)描述的
describe A as B 把A描述为B
beyond description 难以形容
relate (v.)联系-relation (n.)关系-related(adj.)相关的
relate to与…相关；涉及，谈到；[生义]能够理解并同情
in relation to 关于 be related to 与…有关
bridge the gap between A and B消除A与B隔阂
have a wide/limited vocabulary 词汇量大/有限
increase/enrich one’s vocabulary 增加/丰富词汇量
mother tongue/ native language 母语
date back (to) 追溯(到)…
set a date确定日期 out of date过时的
to date迄今为止 up to date 现代的，最新的
be of (great) importance =be (very) important
be of significance/value/benefit 也可代替对应形容词
做某事有问题/困难
have problems with sth/have problems (in) doing sth
problems可替换为difficulty/ trouble
get/be used to (doing) sth 习惯于(做)某事
get high marks in… 在…上得高分
Would you mind doing sth 你介意做某事吗？
keep sth in one’s head 记住某事
can’t help but do sth 忍不住做某事
【归纳】
加-ence变为名词:
refer-reference prefer-preference
differ-difference patient-patience
absent-absence confident-confidence
【辨析】
symbol 符号，象征 sign迹象，征兆；指示牌
signal 信号，暗号 mark 标志，标记
“用这种方法/方式”
by this means with this method
in this manner in this way
以下意义的单词只以复数形式出现
方式means 环境surroundings
财产belongings 问候regards
(means作主语时，由修饰它的词决定谓语的单复数：
every/each/one means+谓单
several/some/many/few means +谓复)
主谓一致-就近原则：
either…or…; neither…nor…
not…but… ； not only…but (also)…
主谓一致-就远原则：
A+ with/together with/along with/like/in addition to/
as well as/ including/rather than/besides/except/but +B
谓语动词单复数取决于A
“在我看来”
from my point of view/ in my view
/in my opinion/ as far as I am concerned
in view 在视野之中 come into view 进入视野
in one’s view在某人看来 in view of… 考虑到…
take/hold the view that持有…的观点 on view 在展出
1) 现完/现完进+ since +一般过去时
Lucy has written ten books since she began to write.
2) It has been +一段时间+since +过去时间
It has been a month since I came to this new school.
3) so far/until now/up to now/by now/since then/ever since等多用于现在完成(进行)时
I have learnt English for ten years up to now.
while的用法
1. 作为名词，指“一段时间”或“一会儿”。
I'll be ready in a little while.
2.作为并列连词 ，表示对比或转折，意为“然而”或“而”。
I like studying, while my sister prefers playing games.
3.引导时间状语从句，表示“在…的时候”或“与…同时”。
While I was reading a book, the phone rang.
4. 引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”或“虽然”，常放句首。
While I know that studying hard is important, I can’t make up my mind to finish homework.
5. 引导条件状语从句，表示“只要”
While there is life, there is hope.
as的用法
1. 作为副词，表示程度
as...as... 结构中第一个 as 是副词，表“一样地”。
She sings as beautifully as her sister.
2. 作为介词
表示“作为” He works as a teacher.
表示“如同” The sky looks as blue as it did yesterday.
表示“当…时候” As a child, she loved to play outside.
表示“例如” As a rule, we should always be punctual.
3. 作为连词
表示比较, as...as, “和…一样”。He is as tall as his father.
引导时间状从, 表“当…的时候”
As I arrived, the meeting had already started.
3）引导原因状从，表“因为”。As I failed, I was sad.
4）引导让步状从，表“虽然”
As he is young, he is very experienced.
5)引导方式状从，“以…方式”Do as I told you.
6)引导定从,“正如” It is the same book as I read last week.
【句子】
[By the Shang Dynasty], these symbols had become a well-developed writing system.
[by+过去时间点]作时间状语，表截止到过去某一时间，谓语用过去完成时。
Over the years, the system developed into different forms, [as it was a time when people were divided geographically], [leading to many varieties of dialects and characters].
as引导[原因状语从句]，意为“因为，由于”。
[leading…characters]为现在分词短语作结果状语。
Even today, [no matter where Chinese people live or (no matter) what dialect they speak], they can all still communicate in writing.
[no matter+疑问词]引导让步状语从句，表“无论…”；
原文中，为避免重复，将what前的“no matter”省略了。
There are many reasons (why this has been possible), but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
the reason + why 引导定语从句（后接结果）
其他：This/That/It is why + 结果 这就是…的原因
This/That/It is because +原因 这是因为…
The reason why… is that… …的原因是…

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