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定语从句讲解与练习
定义
定语：修饰名词或代词的成分，用来说明名词或代词的品质与特征。
1.可充当定语的主要有形容词，名词，介词短语，非谓语，句子；常译为“……的”
2.在所修饰词之前的定语为前置定语，在所修饰词之后的定语为后置定语。
3. 单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。
定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子，其作用相当于形容词。
句子结构：复合句=主句+定语从句（先行词+关系词+从句）
定语从句
I like the music [that I can dance to]. 我喜欢我能随之而舞的音乐。
先行词 关系词
先行词：定语从句修饰的名词或者代词（在定语从句之前）
关系词：连接主句和从句的词（紧跟先行词）
关系词的作用：连接从句，充当定语从句成分，代替先行词
定语从句的分类
定语从句的分类
限定性定语从句：无逗号，从句是主句不可缺少的部分。
My sister[who is 26] is a nurse.
我26岁的姐姐是一名护士。
非限定性定语从句：有逗号，主句完整，从句是补充说明。
My sister is a nurse，[who is 26]. 我的姐姐是一名护士，26岁。
关系词
关系代词
that 指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾/表时可省。
The girl __that__was seen by us yesterday is Jim’s sister. (指人、主语）
He doesn't seem to be the man ___that_____ he was ten years ago. (指人、宾语）
They planted the trees ___that__ didn’t need much water.(指物、主语）
The fish __that___ we bought yesterday were not fresh. (指物、宾语）
which 指物,在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省。
They planted the trees ___that/which__ didn’t need much water.(指物、主语）
The fish __that/which___ we bought yesterday were not fresh. (指物、宾语）
who 指人,在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省。
The girl __that/who__was seen by us yesterday is Jim’s sister. (指人、主语）
He doesn't seem to be the man ___that/who_____ he was ten years ago. (指人、宾语）
whom 指人,在从句中作宾语，作宾语时可省。
He doesn't seem to be the man ___that/who/whom_____ he was ten years ago. (指人、宾语）
whose 指人和物，在从句中作定语，意为“……的”。whose+n可以用
“the +n.+of which/whom”或者“of which/whom +the +n.”代替
This is the book ___whose______ cover is blue. (指物。定语）
Miss Flower is the teacher__whose______house caught fire last week.(指人。定语）
总结：
关系代词 关系形容词
that which who whom whose
指代 人/物 物 人 人
成分 主/宾 主/宾 主/宾 宾 定
意思 ...的
使用 从句缺少主语或宾语时 句子完整 后有名词
先行词指物可以用which，也可以用that，但是下面情况只能用that引导，不用which引导
there be 句型（关系代词指物）
e.g. There are some books that I am found of. 这有一些我喜欢书。
不定代词做先行词（all,anything, everything, nothing,something,little,much等）
e.g. There is nothing that I can say about it. 我没什么可说的了。
当主句是以who，which或what开头的疑问词。
e.g. Who is the man that is waiting at the school gate
先行词即有人又有物
e.g. They talked about the people and places that they had visited.
他们谈论他们拜访过的人和去过和地方。
先行词被表示特指唯一的词修饰，如 the only , the same, the one等
e.g. The only thing that we can do is to ask the teacher for help.
我们能做的唯一的一件事情就是向老师寻求帮助。
先行词被形容词最高级修饰
e.g. This is the most interesting movies that I have ever watched.
先行词被序数词修饰（first，second，last等修饰）
e.g. This is the first letter that I’ve written in English. 这是我用英语写的第一封信
下面情况不能用that引导
介词后。
非限制性定语从句后。
选择合适的关系词
I have an apple _________is green.
I know a man__________is a doctor.
This is the place _______we visited last time.
I know the man _________you just talked with.
I like the girl ______hair are black and long.
This is the school ______my mother works.
答案：1.which/that 2.who/that 3.which/that 4.whom/that 5.whose 6.where
关系副词
when 先行词为表示时间的词，when在从句中作状语。
Eg.I still remember the first day __when____ I saw your face.
where 先行词为表示地点的词，where在从句中作状语。
Eg.This is the library ___where_____I read all kinds of books.
why 先行词为表示原因的词，why在从句中作状语。
Eg.Oh, she must be the reason__why___God makes a girl.
when 可以转化成“_____介词+which______”结构。
where 可以转化成“______介词+which_ _”结构。
why 可以转化成“____for+which________”结构。
总结：
关系副词
when where why
指代 时间 地点 原因
成分 状 状 状
意思
使用 句子完整时
I still remember the day when my sister was born.
on which =on that day
注意对比：
1. I will never forget the days ____which/that_______ we spent together.
I will never forget the days __when_____ we stayed together.
2. The reason___which/that______ he explained at the meeting was not sound.
The reason ___why____ he was late was that he missed his bus.
3. Keep the book in place____where___ you can find it easily.
This is the house _____which/that_____ was built by my grandfather forty years ago.
练习
I will never forget those years I lived on the farm.
I have been to the place the Indians lives.
This is the reason he can’t come to the meeting.
Do you know the nearest place which is famous its beautiful natural scenery in our town.
When don’t know the exact time they will return.
答案：1.when 2.where 3.why 4.where 5.when
五、将两个句子合成有定语从句的复合句。
注意:需要先考虑先行词是人还是物;然后考虑关系代词在从句中的成分（主语、宾语、定语和状语）
The boy is Tim. The boy is good at singing.
The boy________________ Tom.
2、Xiangxi is a famous city. The city is famous for natural scenery and rich cultural heritage.
Xiangxi is a famous city ________________________________________________.
3、I love reading the book. Its name is Little Women.
I love reading the book ________________________
4、你记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗
Do you remember the day ____________________________
5.这是我没有参加会议的原因。
This is the reason ____________________________.
专项练习
一、选择题
1．The movie we watched last night, which received many reviews, was really exciting and kept us on the edge of our seats.
A．that B．which one C．whose D．whichever
2．The students are preparing for the exam in the library every evening seem to be very focused.
A．whom B．that C．those D．they
3．The very best communicators are those _________ know how to adjust (调节) their language to match their listeners.
A．who B．whose C．which D．whom
4．Look at the man and his horse ______ are walking up the street.
A．which B．who C．what D．that
5．The man ______ talked to you just now is an engineer of the computer company.
A．who B．which C．where D．when
6．The photo album reminded me of the things and people ______ had left a deep impression on me when I was in Junior High School.
A．which B．who C．whom D．that
7．The most interesting museum _______ I’ve ever been to is Zhejiang Science Museum.
A．where B．what C．that D．which
8．The orange farm ______ we will visit tomorrow morning also sells chocolates, available in a few varieties.
A．where B．when C．which D．whom
9．Last summer I stayed at a fantastic hotel facilities are brilliant.
A．that B．where C．which D．whose
10．The old man enjoys telling us things ________ he experienced when he was young..
A．that B．who C．whose D．whom
11．Many cartoonists ________ wonderful products are so popular will always be remembered.
A．whose B．who C．that D．which
12．Only those ________ learn how to live can get to know themselves and life.
A．who B．whom C．which D．that
13．He is a shallow thinker ______ opinions are not worth much.
A．whose B．who C．that D．which
14．Those ________ suffer often learn the value of mercy.
A．/ B．whom C．whose D．who
15．Anybody ________ feels tired should wear energetic colors.
A．where B．which C．who D．whose
16．Our memory is filled with the people and the things have had an impact on our lives.
A．which B．who C．whom D．that
17．I enjoy reading a book ______ is about the traditional culture of paper-cutting.
A．what B．who C．whose D．which
18．“Is this the young man ______ saved several people trapped under buildings ” she asked.
A．who B．whom C．whose D．which
19．--- Tom, you win the competition again! Anything to share
--- The most important advice ________ I’d like to give is to go all out.
A．where B．what C．that D．how
20．All_________ I want to say is this thing．
A．what B．which C．that D．and
21．The hospital________I visited for advice on sleep problems is near my home.
A．where B．which C．how D．why
22．I really like the family photo ______we took on my grandpa’s 80th birthday.
A．who B．that C．what D．whose
23．—I hear that Lucy’s uncle is a worker here.
—Yes. Look, the man ________ is working over there is her uncle.
A．whom B．who C．what D．which
24．—Only You is a TV program _______is popular with most young people.
—Yes, it is definitely true.
A．that B．whose C．what D．who
25．He is one of the boys ________ were chosen to join the competition in my class.
A．whom B．which C．who D．/
26．The only thing________can be done is to stop them from going there.
A．that B．which C．what D．who
27．— The second book ________ I plan to read is Oliver Twist. What about you
— Bill Gates’ Business@ the speed of Thought.
A．which B．that C．what D．as
28．I will give the job to the man________ they say is fun to talk to.
A．who B．he C．whom D．which
29．The car ________ color is black is my father’s.
A．where B．when C．that D．whose
30．I believe in him. He is the only person________can help me out of trouble.
A．which B．who C．whose D．/
31.The man ______ is talking to our teacher is Betty's father.
A. which B. whom C. who D. what
32.I like the book ______ you bought yesterday.
A. which B. who C. whose D. where
33.It is the third time _________ you have made the same mistake.
A. which B. where C. who D. that
34.The girl ______ we saw yesterday is Tom's sister.
A. which B. whose C. who D. what
35.The doctor ______ you are looking for is in the room.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. where
36.Rome is an ancient city ________ full of places of interest.
A.where is B.which is C.which are D.that are
37.I still remember the days ______ we spent together.
A. which B. when C. where D. whose
38.The man ______ hair is white is my grandfather.
A. which B. whose C. who D. whom
39.This is the school ______ I studied three years ago.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
40.The reason ______ he was late was that he got up late.
A. which B. why C. that D. when
参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 A B A D A D C C D A
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 A A A D C D D A C C
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 B B B A C A B A D B
题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 38 40
答案 C A D C B B A B B B

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