人教英语题型解题方法学案

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人教英语题型解题方法学案

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语法填空特训
(1)考点分布一般比较均匀,除动词外,考点一般不重复。
【分配:名词 + 动词*2 + 形容词 + 副词 + 冠词 + 介词 + 连词 + 连接词 + 代词】
有提示词均需要变形,且变形方向是固定的。因此想不出答案时可以根据考点依次带入排除。(比如四个无提示词的填空已经填入了冠词、介词、连词,则剩下的大概率是三大从句的连接词或者疑问词)
并列连词:如and、but、or、nor、so、for及yet等;
从属连词:如when、while、after、before、since、until、although、if等。
考点1:名词
名词的形式变化主要有可数名词单数复数、名词所有格、词性转变、固定搭配。
名词单复数(依据:横线前有表示复数的词如a few,lots of,these,those,或者数量词等,或者there be句型中be动词为复数are或were形式)
名词所有格(依据:横线后又是名词且提示词的名词对后面的名词不形成修饰关系,而形成从属关系)
名词词性变化(依据:根据前后文词性判断名词是否要变化成相应的形容词、副词、动词等)
固定搭配[*无提示型](固定词组与表达方式,如pay___to首先想到attention)
【例3】Home rules should be special to your __________ (family) needs. 解析: 根据其前的your可知后面必须是名词,而needs已经是名词形式了,所以此时只需要考虑family这个词与needs之间的关系不是修饰而是从属,所以为family’s。
考点2:动词【两大方向:谓语动词与非谓语动词】
时态 + 语态
(依据1:前后文的时态和形式,或者时间状语;
依据2:特殊句型;
依据3:前后文的被动关系)
非谓语动词的三种形式 [doing,,done,to do](根据固定的搭配形式来改变动词形式,如want to do就要把do变to do,finish doing就要把do变doing)
【注意】实义动词与实义动词是不可能以两个动词原形的形式直接衔接在一起的,后面一个一定会变形。
比如实义动词want,play,practice在一起,可以形成want play(错),want to play(对),practice to play(错),practice playing(对)
因此,当做到动词题的时候一定要往前一个词看,找是否有实义动词,如果有,则横线上填写的动词肯定是非谓语动词的三种形式之一。【…动词 ______(动词)】
如果横线与前一个动词之间还夹着别的成分,那需要按着语法来判断。【…动词 + 代词/名词 + ______(动词)】
【用to do的其他形式】
1、后置定语(动词不定式在句中作定语时一般都要放在所修饰名词或代词的后面)
如: 1、a chance to do sth 做某事的一个机会 2、the way to do sth 做某事的办法
3、the best time to do sth 做某事的最佳时间 4、something to eat 一些吃的东西
5、something to drink 一些喝的东西 6、a lot of work to do 许多要做的工作
7、get / have a chance to do sth. 得到一个做某事的机会
2、It’s+形容词(adj.)+for(of) +sb +to do sth对某人来说做某事怎么样
【分析】形容词(adj.)修饰文中的事情既to do sth时,人前的介词用for ; 但是如果形容词(adj.)修饰文中的人既sb时,人前面的介词用of.
①It’s hard for me to learn English well.(句子 hard 是修饰动词不定式to learn English well,意为学好英语难,所以用的介词是for sb.)
②It’s kind of you to help me.(句中kind“善良的”修饰you(人) 意为你善良,所以介词用of sb.)
3、It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事(常考)
4、It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了
【例1】I (do) my homework at home last Sunday.
解析:根据时间状语last Sunday可知为一般过去时态,故填写do 的过去式did。
【例2】Lucy usually (watch) television on Friday morning!
解析:根据时间状语on Friday morning和频率副词usually可知为一般现在时态,且主语Lucy是第三人称单数,故填写watch 的第三人称单数形式watches。
【例3】In five years’ time,1 (become) a university student.
解析:根据时间状语In five years’ time可知用一般将来时态,故填写will become。
考点3:形容词与副词
形容词比较级与最高级(依据1:比较级看句子中是否有than,最高级看形容词前面是否有the或后面有没有in/of+范围的形式。依据2:横线前有even,much、a little/bit等后面需要用比较级的词)
固定句型(常见的为比较级的相关句型:the more…the more…,more and more。表示建议的句型:had better do sth。表示状态的句型:主语+ be + adj + to do)
形容词副词化(依据:提示词为形容词,空格后有谓语动词或者形容词;或者空格位于句首,用逗号隔开)
动词的ing与ed形式(依据:横线前有be动词或是后面有名词,则用ing形式;横线前有人称代词或人名,则用ed形式)
否定变化(如happy变成unhappy)】
注意:形容词是修饰名词的,而副词是修饰动词、形容词与副词本身的。
【例1】Home is the (warm) place wherever you go.
解析:根据句意“无论你走到哪里,家是最温暖的地方”和定冠词the可知此处用形容词warm的最高级warmest。
【例2】Jim studies better than Tom,but Tom is (friendly) and he has more friends.
解析:句意:吉姆比汤姆学习成绩更好,但是汤姆(对人)更友好,他有更多的朋友。由句中的studies better以及more friends可知,要用形容词friendly 的比较级friendlier,意为“更友好的”。
【例3】We had a football match yesterday. Our fans cheered us on (loud) and we felt more confident.
解析:句意:昨天我们进行了一场足球赛。我们的粉丝们为我们大声地加油,我们感到更加有信心。表示“大声地”应用loudly。
考点4:代词
宾格(横线在谓语动词后面)2.形容词性物主代词(横线后面有名词)This is my car.
名词性物主代词(横线后面没有名词,前面有of或者前面有be动词等动词)The pen is mine.
反身代词(横线前有和括号里同一类的且做主语成分的代词,此时把括号内的代词改为反身代词)
不定代词(一般以some/ever/any + thing为主,其次是others,another)
【例1】Do you have (something)to say
解析: something通常用于肯定句,在疑问句中用anything。故填anything。
【例2】Would you like (every) coffee
解析:虽然any用于疑问句,但some可以用于表示请求或建议的疑问句中,尤其是some用于向对方请求得到某物。根据句意及语气填写some。
【例3】I bought something for my parents,but nothing for (I).
解析:根据句意“我为我父母买了些东西,但我没有为我自己买什么”可知填写myself。
考点5:数量词考点
基数词变序数词(横线前一般有the)2.基数词变次数(一般只考once,twice)
3.单位词变复数(主要是百-hundred,千-thousand,百万-million,十亿-billion的用法)
注意: 300名学生——three hundred students(此时hundred后无s)成百上千名学生——hundreds of students(hundred后有了of则要加s)成百上千名学生——hundreds upon hundreds of students
【例1】I am to know that (hundred) of people lost their lives in the earthquake.
解析:hundred意为“百”,表示大概数字时用复数且和 of连用。故填写hundreds。
【例2】How many (time) did you go to Beijing last year 解析:times指“次数,倍数”。
考点6:介词
单一介词(即介词表示某种具体的含义,如方向或时间,能够根据上下文含义推理出来)
动词、形容词、介词词组中的固定搭配,例如:come/be from,fall in love with……
注意:介词的判断依据除了看有没有词组,还可以依靠横线后的词性,因为介词后面只能接名词性质的词,所以后面要么是名词和代词,要么是动词ing形式。
【例1】It’s great to hear you. I’ll write to you soon.
解析:根据下文I’ll write to you soon.“我将很快写信给你”可知考查固定短语hear from sb.,意为“收到某人来信”。故填写from。
【例2】The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing common.
解析:根据句意“事实是,快乐和幸福是没有共同点的”可知用介词in。in common意为“……相同”。
考点7:连词考点
根据词性判断(空格两边词性或结构一致,大概率是并列连词;一个长句被逗号或横线隔开,左右两边结构完整,有可能是连词构成的复合句)
根据逻辑判断(并列连词都是有很强的逻辑性的,可以根据上下文的意思来判断)
第一看横线前后的词性结构是否一致,如It makes us smart and healthy。此时smart和healthy就属于词性结构一致。
第二看横线前后是否有完整的主谓(宾)结构,如I don't like her because she smokes too much。 左边主谓宾完整,右边主谓完整。
最后看逻辑关系,如果满足第一或第二,只需要把平常常考的连词代入去想就可以了。
【连词总结】
and(常与both组合出现),or(常与either组合出现),but(常与also组合出现,形成not only…but also…),nor(常与neither组合出现),because,so等
注意:however是副词,常用作连词使用,出现的形式是单独在句首,用逗号与后文隔开:however,后句。也可能是放在中间,左右都用逗号隔开:前句,however,后句
考点8:冠词
冠词分类:定冠词(the),不定冠词(a/an),零冠词(一般不考)
[空格后面一定有名词,或是被形容词修饰的名词。所以做题一定要注意往横线后面一直看,看有没有名词出现。]
定冠词与不定冠词的区分:the用于特指,第二次出现,形容词最高级。a/an用于泛指,第一次出现,固定搭配。[根据元音音素来判断用a还是an,【特殊例子特殊记】an + hour / honor / honesty;a + useful / university]
3、固定词组与搭配:take a walk,have a fever中的a就是固定的,by the way中the也是固定搭配
【例1】It’s unlucky day for me.I lost my new bike this morning.
解析:此处表泛指,故用a或an。根据可数名词day 和空格后的形容词unlucky音标的第一个音素为元音音素,可知应填写冠词an。
【例2】Who is tallest girl in your class
解析:形容词最高级tallest前用定冠词the。
考点9:句子引导词关系词等【常考的:that / whether / if与各类疑问词等】
【例1】I don’t know often you see your parents.Once a week or once a month
解析:根据“Once a week or once a month ”可知询问频率,应用how often。how often意为“隔多久”,在此表示频率。故填写how。
【例2】 city do you like better,Beijing or Shanghai 解析:根据其后的两地比较可知填写Which,意为“哪一个”。
任务型阅读特训
题型一:细节题
解题技巧:细节题一般对人,事,地点,时间,原因及方式等进行提问,首先要审清题目要求,然后找出题目在文中出现的对应段落,直接作答或用自己的话进行转述。
设题方式:
1. What is the writer’s question in Letter A
2. Where were the researchers from
3. Who can help shy people
4. Why did Burton decide to have the slides painted )
5. When was Burton Holmes born
6. How are parents’ jobs different from children’s jobs according to Letter A.
典题精析
On November 30, 1906, George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Sea. The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days.
问题:How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea
解析:本题为细节题。题干意为“这个玻璃瓶在海里移动了多长时间?”,根据关键词“the weighted glass bottle move in the sea”可将答案锁定在第一段第二句中“The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days.”,故填“For 108 years and 138 days”。
答案:For 108 years and 138 days.
题型二:是非题
解题技巧:提问形式为一般疑问句,首先锁定范围,在范围内划出依据,然后使用Yes / No作答。
设题方式:
1. Do parents have homework according to letter B
2. Is being shy always a big problem according to the passage
3. Could Francis and Craig read the “map” of DNA in 2000
4. Will the step-by-step guide show you how to start a club
典题精析
Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in 2015. Winkler was then on vacation on Amrum Island. She picked up the bottle when it was washed up onto the beach. She saw a piece of paper inside, but didn’t break it open. She could tell that the bottle was old. So she didn’t want to damage it.
问题:Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in 2015
解析:本题为是非题。题干意为“Marianne Winkler是在2015年发现这个瓶子的吗?”,根据第二段第一句Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in 2015.可以判定答案是肯定的,故填“Yes”。
答案:Yes.
题型三:主旨题
解题技巧:抓住文章结构,先总后分,先分后总还是总分总,确定总写在篇首还是篇尾,然后作答。如果不符合上述几种情况,则综合全文或段落,用自己的话进行概括。中考阅读表达中的主旨大意题一般由两点或三点构成,常用的句型有:
1. 介绍某个物体,新兴事物或抽象概念时:What……is.
2. 介绍某个人物时:Who……is.
3. 介绍做某事的方法时:How to do …… / How……
4. 介绍某事物的优/缺点时:The benefits / advantages / disadvantages of ……
例1. What is the passage mainly about
解答:What shyness is and how to deal with it.
例2. What is the main idea of the passage
解答:How to run a studio system
例3. What is the passage mainly about
解答:Who Andrew Matthews is and his book.
设题方式:
1. What is the passage mainly about
2. What does the writer mainly tell us in passage
3. What is the main idea of paragraph 4
4. What do you learn from this story
5. What is the purpose of this passage
典题精析
Scientists now understand that a fire can be a natural part of a healthy forest. As a result, countries like Australia allow more fires to burn naturally. Sometimes, fire fighters even start fires to get rid of(去除)dead wood. Of course, they carefully control the fires. The fire thins out old trees. This allows sunlight to reach the ground. As a result, fires help new trees to grow. Therefore, if a fire is not a serious threat(威胁)to people, firefighters may let it burn naturally.
问题:What is the main idea of paragraph 4
解析:本题为段落主旨题。题干意为“第四段的主要意思是什么?”,根据第四段段首句可知“澳大利亚允许更多的火自然燃烧”,而后面的内容解释的是这样做的原因是保持森林健康,综合这两点并运用in order to短语即可得出正确答案,应填“In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally.”。
答案:In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally.
题型四:活用题
解题技巧:主观性最强,需要准确把握主旨,围绕文章的中心观点列出要点,扩点成句,进行润色,但要注意不能不着边际,离题万里。
设题方式:
1. Do you think the selfie is good Why
2. What can be filled in the blank(空白)at the end of letter B
典题精析:
I think it’s only fair that teenagers help out a bit at home. They might not like it, but it’s good for them. It teaches them how to look after themselves. This is really useful when __________.
问题:What can be filled in the blank(空白)at the end of letter B
解析:本题为活用题。题干意为“在letter B结尾的空白处能够填什么?”,这类题的答案比较灵活,不是唯一的,只要和文章的主旨一致就可以。本段主要说的是孩子们在家里做一些家务能够帮助她们学会照顾自己,当_____, 这一点是有用的。那么一定是孩子离开家,独自生活的时候,答案与此主题一致即可。
答案:they leave home to go to college/ live on their own ……
阅读还原特训
命题点1 根据承上启下关系推断
Paragraph 1 (难易程度:★ )
Suppose you’re in London and trying to find the bus to take you to Hyde Park. This should be easy. But if you can’t speak the language, it can be a problem. What will you do   1  Know the place you want to go.You can always tell others the name of the place where you want to go……. Whatever it is, if you do a little homework to remember its name, you can ask the way much more easily.
A. Here is some advice on how to ask the way in a foreign country.
B. Take a map or a picture.
解析:根据空前的”What will you do ” 和下文给出的建议可以判断此处应该填一个承上启下的过渡句引出下文,答案:A
命题点2 根据并列递进关系推断
Paragraph 2 (难易程度: ★ ★ )
Volunteering allows volunteers to meet new people, try out new skills and explore career choices. 1 Take Andrew Makhoul, a student at the University of Pennsylvania, as an example. Andrew didn’t spend his last spring break relaxing. Instead, the 19-year-old boy decided to do something for people who were less lucky than himself. He travelled to an orphanage(孤儿院) in Guatemala in Central American……. And it depends on volunteers to stay open.
A. It is a chance for poor children to get better care and support.
B. For young adults, valuable lessons may also be learned through volunteering.
解析:根据前一句 “Volunteering allows volunteers to meet new people, try out new skills and explore career choices.”可以知道,这里是介绍志愿活动的好处。分析选项,B 符合语境,介绍了志愿活动的又一个好处。答案:B
命题点3 根据转折关系推断
Paragraph 3 (难易程度:★ )
You may have already forgotten the days when you had to learn how to use chopsticks. Every Chinese kids struggles with them for some time. 1 They come with their own special rules and traditions.
A. How Chinese kids learn to use chopsticks
B. But chopsticks are not just simple tools to pick up food.
解析:根据前一句“Every Chinese kids struggles with them for some time.”可以知道每个中国孩子都和他们斗争了一段时间,可以推断出下面的内容是转折,但是筷子不只是拿起食物的简单工具。它们有自己的特殊规则和传统。答案:B
命题点4 同词复现
Paragraph 4 (难易程度:★ )
Li Enhui said in an interview,“As long as we are alive, there are no problems that cannot be solved, and many people don't have my experiences. 1 Such an idea makes many adults feel embarrassed.
A.“Poor students” are usually hard-working and caring.
B. And these experiences make me grow and become better.
解析:根据上文的 “my experiences”及上下文语境可知此处所填内容与“我”的经历相关,分析备选项可知B项符合语境。此处为"experience 的复现。答案:B。
Paragraph 5(难易程度: ★ ★ )
Stay clean. No one likes a bad smell that could knock someone over. Shower every day, brush your teeth and wash your hair. 1 Be respectful of people's differences.2 And everyone believes in different things. It is a good thing to have different friends with different opinions because you can each share your own.
A. Starting a new life might make you excited.
B. Everyone has his or her own opinion of the world.
C. You are supposed to make yourself look clean and tidy, whatever you wear.
解析:1.根据本段的小标题“Stay clean.”可以知道这里应该填与保持清洁相关的内容。“clean” 的复现。答案:C2.根据下文“It is a good thing to have different friends with different opinions because you can each share your own. ”可以知道这里所填的内容与不同的观点相关。此处为“opinion”复现。答案:B
命题点5 根据同畴词推断
Paragraph 6(难易程度:★ )
As one of the world top universities, Stanford has many subjects that stand among the top ones in the world. 1 If you want to study computer in a university abroad, maybe it is your best choice.
A. The tallest building is Stanford is Hoover Tower.
B. And computer science has been the first for many years.
解析:根据上文“Stanford has many subjects that stand among the top ones in the world.”可知此处所填内容与斯坦福大学的科目相关,分析备选项可知B项符合语境。另外,我们还可以根据以下六种关系进行推断:近义词、反义词;派生词;解释关系;因果关系;举例;概括总结。
阅读理解特训
考点一 细节理解题
1. 跳读查找法。
这个方法的要点在于先看题干,然后带着问题读文章。以what, who, where, when, why, how 提问的问题,可以从文章中直接找到答案。同学们做这类题时可以边读边做记号,能加强阅读的针对性,提高做题的准确率,节省宝贵的时间。这是做事实细节题最基本也是最常用的方法。一般来说,细节题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解,同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子,然后进行比较和分析,便可确定最佳答案。
另外,运用跳读查找法解题时,要特别注意试题以及选项与原文之间的适当变换。根据近几年的中考题情况来看,很少有直接用原文中的句子进行考查和测试的,通常要进行一定的处理,而这种“处理”主要就是进行语义转换,其中包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。
【例】The first subway line for Stockholm was opened in 1950. The Stockholm Subway is well – known for its decoration of the stations. It is called the longest art gallery in the world. Over 90 percent of its stations are decorated with paintings.
【题目】Which subway is called the longest art gallery in the world
A. The Beijing Subway B. The Stockholm Subway
C. The London Underground D. The New York City Subway.
【解析】B。看到题目,知道重点应快速搜寻the longest art gallery,并最终确定答案为B。
2. 排除法
有些题目中,正面选择比较困难,但是运用排除法,将不正确的选项先确定下来,就只剩下唯一的一个正确答案了。
Scientists have learned a lot about the kinds of food people need. They say that there are several kinds of food that people should eat every day. They are: (1) green and yellow vegetables of all kinds; (2) citrus(柑桔) fruits and tomatoes; (3) potatoes and other fruits and vegetables; (4) meat of all kinds, fish and eggs; (5) milk and foods made from milk; (6) bread or cereal (谷物), rice is also in this kind of food; (7) butter, or something like butter.
【题目】From the first paragraph we know noodles belong to a kind of ______ food.
A. vegetable B. fruit C. meat D. cereal
【解析】D。这道题更像是一道常识题,面食究竟属于哪一类?A项指“蔬菜”一类,应排除;B项指“水果”一类,也不对;C项指“肉类”,也不符合;最后只能是D项了,指“谷类食品”,对应文中的第(6)条。
3. 简单计算法
数字计算题也是细节理解题的一种,要求对文章中提到的数据进行简单的加减乘除运算,以便得出符合题目要求的数据。解答这类题目时,考生首先要弄清题干的要求是什么,然后找到与它相关的数字,再对它们进行分析、整合,最后计算出正确答案。
Main Dishes
Cheeseburger ¥5.2 Big Mac ¥10.4
Mc Chicken ¥5 (50% off until Feb 24) Fillet-o-fish ¥9.9
【题目】How much did you need to pay for one McChicken before
A. ¥5. B. ¥10. C.¥2.5. D. ¥50.
【解析】B。重点根据“McChicken:¥5 (50% off until Feb 24)”可知,在2月24号以前有50% 的优惠,即优惠后的价格是¥5,所以原价应是¥10。
注意要点
细节题在阅读理解中占比重很大,阅读时要特别注意以下几点:
首先,阅读时利用这类关键词和词组that is to say, above all, especially, mainly等,把握文章的思路和脉络。另外,在问题的选项中表示绝对意义的词first (第一),least (最不),always (总是),never(永不),all(所有),none(一个也不),any(任何) 和表示唯一性的词汇only(只有) , just(仅仅),往往是命题的陷阱,因此要多加注意。
其次,必须以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为依据,切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点、看法混为一谈。
最后,文章中的数字、日期、时间都是设题的重点,此类题目很少是文章中表层出现的数字或日期,通常需要做简单的计算。
总而言之,只要掌握了解题技巧并不断练习,就能在考试中取得好成绩。
完形填空特训
解题误区
在解答完形填空时,需要注意一些常见误区:
1.警惕固定搭配,固定搭配并非一定是正确选项,不符合语篇、段落逻辑的,即便是固定搭配,也是不合适的。
2.偏离原文做题,完形填空重点考查单词、短语在句子、段落、语篇中的含义和应用,而并非单词本身的含义,如果只根据单词本身含义去抉择答案,不考虑原文语境就很容易选错答案。
解题步骤
01通读全文,掌握大意。
浏览全文,对时间、地点、人物及事件有一个大致的把握。对每段的第一、二句进行详读,弄清楚每一段侧重讲什么内容。
02根据语意、逻辑,推测空缺处选项。
在把握短文大意基础上,结合上下文和已学知识对空缺处进行合乎逻辑的推理。可以从语法、词语固定搭配、词形变化等考虑。答题过程中把握不准的可以先放下,避免在单个题上浪费时间。
03再读全文,解决疑难点。
再次通读短文,分析整体语篇,理解作者的意图和文章的主旨,根据上下文之间的联系对疑难空缺处做出选择。
04仔细检查短文。
快速通读短文,检查时注意文章是否流畅,所填写的词汇是否是最佳词汇,其在语法、搭配上是否有误等。
解题方法
在中考英语中,完形填空可能会考查到:上下文直接信息;语法知识和固定的短语搭配;词义的辨析;作者的情感态度等。
考生除了需要积累语法知识和固定的搭配外,还要掌握一定的解题技巧。下面,我们选取了近几年中考真题进行解题方法介绍。
1、利用逻辑关系解题
在解答完形填空的过程中,同学们可以根据确切、具体的线索,将答案的逻辑意义推导出来,在答案中寻找体现了相同逻辑意义的选项。
单个句子中或者句子与句子之间都可能存在逻辑关系,它们往往通过转折、让步、递进、因果等明确的逻辑关系词来体现。
在平时的练习过程中,同学们除了要锻炼逻辑推理和判断能力,还要对常用的和易混淆的衔接词进行积累。
表原因:thanks to, result from, since, on account of/that
表结果:as a result, thus
表转折:but, yet, anyway,however
表补充:also, besides,further, moreover, additionally
【例】With his blanket and toys, Remy went to meet Madu. It was love at first sight. Soon Remy climbed on Madu's back. Remy watched Madu. Madu taught Remy what to eat, ___ she also showed him how to hang and climb. Remy learned how to be an orangutan.
A.and B.but C.or D.so
答案:A解析:根据文中的“Remy watched Madu. Madu taught Remy what to eat和“she also showed him how to hang and climb.”可知两句之间是并列关系,故选“and”。
2、利用上下文信息解题
根据上下文的语境来判断选项是完形填空中最常用的解题方法,也是其他方式的基础。
当发现所给的每一个选项从语法上看都没有问题时,就可以考虑前后照应,仔细阅读空缺处的前后句进行选择,有时候相互照应的内容之间距离较远,需要通读全文。
【例】Remy's mother got sick before he was born. She could not ____Remy. So he needed a foster mother to take care of him.
A.look after B.look at C.look for D.look like
答案:A解析: 根据文中的“Remy's mother got sick before he was born. She could not... Remy. So he needed a foster mother to take care of him”可知Rem的妈妈在他出生前生病了,所以无法照顾他,只好给他找个养母来照顾他,故选“look after”。
利用语法知识解题
虽然完形填空以语境考查为主,但仍有部分考查语法知识的题目,同学们可利用平时积累的语法知识解题。
在复习语法的过程中,尤其需要关注出现频率较高的几类词,如:动词、介词、代词、连词、形容词、副词。
解答完形填空时,动词的选用需要注意词义和惯用搭配,区分近义词的用法搭配;介词的选用需要注意与其他词汇的固定搭配;名词选用需要注意词性和单复数形式等。
利用语法知识解题时,可以考虑择优解题,将各选项代入短文中,选出在词义上符合要求,且在语法上又没有语病的答案。
【例】 One day, my friend and I were riding our bikes in a park. My mother knew I had just learned how to ride for a short time, so she asked me to wear some safety equipment. "No. I won't wear____!"
A.it B.itself C.them D.themselves
答案 :A
解析:句中代词替代的应是上文中的 equipment,这是不可数名词,所以没有复数形式,故选“it”。
4、利用固定搭配解题
固定搭配包括一些常见短语,如:see a film、make a deal、by the way 等,以及一些常见句式,如:It feels+形容词+不定式等。
在复习过程中,同学们需要注意区分形似而义不同的固定搭配,如:look for, look out, look after 等。还需要注意形不同但意义相近的词汇,如:pay、cost、take 都有花费的含义。
【例】However, the path wasn't as smooth as I thought. I kept bumping up and down, and then suddenly…bam! I fell___my bike.
A.down B.off C.of D.into
答案: B
解析:根据文中的“I kept bumping up and down, and then suddenly...bam 可知作者不停地上下颠簸,最后摔了下来。fall into意思是“掉落”,故选“off”。
5、利用词义辨析解题
在完形填空给出的四个选型中,就经常出现词性一致、意义相近的情况。这个时候,需要考虑特定语境中的最佳选项,或者推敲一些固定的词组搭配来选择答案。
在词义辨析题目中,绝对同义的两个选项的两个选项都不入选,相对同义的两个选项,在于考查其细微的差距,一般选其中之一。
【例】 "Of course." Mrs Martin put the mashed potato pizza on my plate with an encouraging smile. I suddenly 24._____and relaxed. I looked around laughing, and we all laughed together.24.
A.woke B.agreed C.understood D.forgot
答案:C解析:根据前文的 “Of course” 可知作者因为紧张,回答问题的时候懵懵懂懂。但当"Mrs Martin put the mashed potato pizza on my plate with an encouraging smile" 时,作者突然醒悟过来了,故选”understood”。
6、根据情感态度解题
情感态度主要集中在形容词的选择上,同学们需要根据上下文对人物的情感态度有一个大致的把握,同时要积累不同形容词的含义和褒贬,从而选择一个最合适的词。
一般来说,作者的情感态度通篇是一致的,可以从一个高度去指导全文,但也会出现反转的情况,需要细致理解短文的情节和大意。
积极情感:happy, amazing, excited, relaxed 等
中立情感:fast, slow, surprising 等
消极情感:sad, disappointed, angry 等
【例】Her husband died of a serious illness a few days ago. She only has her dog Wangwang in the house... Mrs. Brown said, "Wangwang and I are feeling a little____these days. It's kind of you to come.
A.lonely B.angry C.excited D.relaxed
答案:A
解析:根据上文"Her husband died of a serious illness a few days ago. She only has her dog Wangwang in the house.”可知,Brown 太太因为丈夫去世,只留下她和狗狗,所以感到有些孤独。

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