资源简介

【2024—2025英语寒假作业】人教版 高一年级 第4周
【词汇冲关】
一、英汉互译
1. investigate vi. & vt. _____________________________
2. process n. ________________ vt. ________________
3. exit n. ________________ vi. & vt. ________________
4. image n. ________________
5. quote vt. ________________
6. ________ n. 行为；举止；管理方法 vt. 组织；安排；带领
7. ________ n. & vt. 企图；试图；尝试
8. ________ adj. 值得做的；值得花时间的
9. ________ n. 入口；进入
10. ________ vt. & vi. 原谅；宽恕 vt. 对不起；请原谅
11. sacred adj. ___________________________
12. profit n. ___________________________
13. creature n. ___________________________
14. stir vt. ___________________________
15. skin n. ___________________________
16. ________ adj. 居住的；活的；在用的 n. 生活；生计
17. ________ vi. 适应 vt. 使适应；使适合
18. ________ n. 措施；方法 vt. 测量；度量；估量
19. ________ n. 压力；要求
20. ________ vt. 提醒；使想起
21. conference n. ___________________________
22. resident n. ___________________________ adj. ___________________________
23. privacy n. ___________________________
24. guideline n. ___________________________
25. define vt. ___________________________
26. ________ n. 功能；作用；机能 vi. 起作用；正常工作；运转
27. ________ vt. 确认；使确信
28. ________ vt. 按，压；敦促
29. ________ n. 折扣 vt. 打折
30. ________ n. 账户；描述
二、单句语法填空
1. You could get into a situation where you have to decide ________ (immediate).
2. The new rules will become ________ (effect) in the next few days.
3. She made a complete ________ (recover) without recourse to surgery.
4. Could you tell me my ________ (reserve) number, please
5. I am sure you’re all aware of the worrying situation with a large number of species facing ________ (extinct).
6. The pilot made an __________ (announce) that there would be a slight delay before the plane landed.
7. The manager spoke to them all __________ (individual).
8. Gu Ailing’s total of two gold and one silver medals at the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games is a brilliant __________ (achieve) for such a young girl.
9. The Dragon Boat Festival is in memory of Qu Yuan, one of the greatest Chinese __________ (poet).
10. He did field research across China and studied more than a thousand rivers and streams, along with the landscape, history and culture of the __________ (surround) areas.
11. The reason __________ he wasn’t admitted into a key university was that his grades were too low.
12. Would it be convenient __________ you to pick me up at 8 o’clock at the airport
13. Some of these dining etiquette (礼节) rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in __________ (vary) countries.
14. Kate broke her leg and has been receiving medical __________ (treat) since then.
15. An emergency fund was set up in __________ (react) to the famine.
三、根据汉语意思，用合适的短语填空
1. 这本书属于我姐姐。
This book __________________ my sister.
2. 她喜欢阅读也喜欢写作。
She enjoys reading __________________ writing.
3. 留意房子周围任何可疑的活动。
__________________ any suspicious activity around the house.
4. 他完全沉浸在工作中，没有注意到我进了房间。
He was completely __________________ his work and didn't notice me entering the room.
5. 今年我想参加篮球队的选拔。
I want to __________________ the basketball team this year.
6. 除了薪水之外，他每年还获得奖金。
__________________ his salary, he receives a bonus every year.
7. 从那时起，她决定专心学习，提高成绩。
__________________, she decided to focus on her studies and improve her grades.
8. 经过几周的学习，她终于通过了考试。
After weeks of studying, she finally __________________ the exam.
9. 在会议上，他提出了一项新项目的建议。
During the meeting, he __________________ for a new project.
10. 由于环境变化，许多古代物种已经灭绝。
Many ancient species have__________________ due to environmental changes.
【语法突破】
（一）
The virtual choir was the idea of award-winning 1 (compose) and conductor Eric Whitacre. Born in the USA on 2 January 1970, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988. He fell 2 love with Mozart’s classical music when he sang for the university choir. 3 (move) by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time.” He graduated from university in 1995, and then 4 (receive) a master’s degree in musical composition from the Juilliard School in New York in 1997. Over the next 10 years, Whitacre’s
5 (origin) compositions began to become quite popular among choirs and singers. This led to the creation of the virtual choir.
In 2009, Whitacre received a video of a girl 6 was singing one of his works. Inspired, he asked his fans to make videos, which he then joined together into one 7 (perform). His first virtual choir, “Lux Aurumque”, had 185 8 (singer) from 12 different countries. It has received millions of views on the Internet. Since then, the virtual choir has become
9 worldwide phenomenon. Whitacre’s next effort was the Virtual Youth Choir for UNICEF, which was first seen on stage on 23 July 2014 in the UK. Altogether, 2,292 young people from 80 countries joined in 10 (sing) Whitacre’s song “What If”.
1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________
6. __________ 7. __________ 8. __________ 9. __________ 10. __________
（二）
Armenian musician Astrid Poghosyan takes great pride in the Chinese name she picked for
1 (her), Ma Xingxing. “Xingxing” literally meaning stars 2 (inspire) by her Armenian first name, while “Ma” is taken from Ma Chao, a famous warrior from China’s Three Kingdoms Period.
Poghosyan always puts all her energy into the projects in 3 she is involved, because she believes that every little effort will help her realize her music-related dreams. “Music knows no borders, and cultural exchanges via music are 4 (extreme) important during the COVID-19,” she said.
Having worked in China for 12 years, Poghosyan has now become a real China hand,
5 (experience) the country’s language and culture. Such 6 multicultural background has greatly helped her stand out at her present job.
Her love for Chinese culture, 7 (include) Jackie Chan’s movies and stories of Mulan, helped her go through the difficult language-learning process. As she gradually adapted herself
8 the Chinese language and culture, she also started to explore the colorful city life of Shanghai.
“Since I first came to Shanghai, I 9 (be) impressed by the kindness and friendliness of the people here. Everyone I met gave me a big smile, whether sanitation workers (环卫工人) on the streets or cashiers in 10 (convenient) stores. Their smiles have made me feel the warmth of the city,” she said.
1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________
6. __________ 7. __________ 8. __________ 9. __________ 10. __________
【阅读基础】
A
If you want to know something about British life, their spirit, and even their humor, watching some classic British films will certainly help. Here are some recommended to you.
Notting Hill
After the success of his film Four Weddings and a Funeral, writer and producer Richard Curtis captured the essence of being British in 1999’s Notting Hill. Set against the background of rich West London, the film became popular for its charming and funny portrayal (刻画) of a British nobody trying to impress a Hollywood star.
The Full Monty
This 1997 film is a Sheffield-based comedy (喜剧) about six unemployed men who form a group to make money for a better life. Despite its humour, the film dives deeper into some serious issues surrounding working-class culture. The Full Monty is an uplifting film that gives an insight into the work and life of the working class in Britain.
Trainspotting
Danny Boyle’s 1996 comedy-drama Trainspotting is about a group of Scots in the 1980s, based on the book by Irvine Welsh. With a cast of truly great actors including Ewan McGregor, the tale impressed the audience globally. It rapidly became a critical success.
Monty Python’s Life of Brian
Featuring a jam-packed cast of comedic stars, Monty Python’s Life of Brian tells the story of a young man who is in a case of mistaken identity. The film reflects the unusual and wonderful British sense of humour. As a film guaranteed to entertain, Monty Python’s Life of Brian is not to be missed by those looking for an insight into what makes the British laugh.
1. What can the audience learn about by watching The Full Monty
A. Hardships of comedic stars.
B. Life of the British working class.
C. Unique experiences of some Scots.
D. Daily life of people in West London.
2. What kind of film does Monty Python’s Life of Brian belong to
A. A horror movie. B. A comedy film.
C. An action movie. D. A science fiction film.
3. Which of the following films is adapted from a book
A. Notting Hill. B. The Full Monty.
C. Trainspotting. D. Monty Python’s Life of Brian.
B
The grocery stores might not be your favorite place to visit when you’re at home, but is it ever fun when you’re in another country Honestly speaking, they’re one of those strange little destinations that I like to sniff out everywhere I go, much as other travelers head toward clothing stores, libraries, cafés or galleries.
The biggest beauty of the grocery store — whether it’s a huge supermarket or a tiny one — is that it makes you acquainted with what local people buy to cook. This offers clues to their lifestyles and preferences and the agricultural and cooking practices of the country. I stare at the strange fruits and vegetables, seafood, cheeses, spices, bread, and oh, the chocolate... always the chocolate!
Being an environmental nerd, I like paying attention to packaging, which can reflect their attitude towards environmental protection. People in Italy, for example, have a habit of requiring customers to bag their fruits and vegetables in plastic before weighing them, while people in Sri Lanka leave everything loose in bins. In Brazil, everything is prepackaged in a layer of plastic, whereas I was able to use cloth bags in Costa Rica and buy loose fruits in Turkey.
People in grocery stores tend to be friendlier. They smile, say hello, and sometimes ask questions, which can lead to great conversations. I had a discussion with a teenaged cashier in Sri Lanka over which bag of crunchy mix to buy. He insisted that the one labeled “spicy” would be too hot for me, but I told him I was willing to risk it. He laughed and we ended up talking about my favorite Sri Lankan foods for ten minutes.
In fact, whether it is ground spices for my mom or chocolates for my kids, the grocery store is the first place where I look for unique gifts. It’s interesting then to come home and look at one’s own local grocery store through new eyes. What would a visitor think What stands out, and what do the food displays say about us as a culture You might be surprised by what you realize.
4. What does the underlined part “makes you acquainted with” mean
A. Reminds you of.
B. Helps you understand.
C. Makes you disappointed at.
D. Gets you accustomed to.
5. What can we know about the packaging from paragraph 3
A. Cloth bags can be used in Costa Rica.
B. Fruits are sold in paper bags in Sri Lanka.
C. Groceries are bagged after being weighed in Italy.
D. Everything is packaged in plastic in Turkey.
6. What does the author want to show in paragraph 4
A. The benefit of tasting local food.
B. How to save money in grocery stores.
C. How to learn culture from conversations.
D. The friendliness of people in grocery stores.
7. In which section of a magazine may this text appear
A. History. B. Food.
C. Lifestyle. D. Travel.
完形填空
Thanksgiving Day was near. A first grade teacher gave her class a fun 1 — to draw a picture of something for which they were 2 .
Most of the class might be considered economically 3 , but still many would celebrate the holiday with turkey and other traditional goodies (好吃的东西) of the season. These, the teacher thought, would be the 4 of most of the students’ art. And they were, for the most part.
But one student named Douglas 5 a different kind of picture. Douglas was a different kind of boy. As other children played with each other during break time, he would stand closely by his 6 side.
Yes, his picture was 7 . When asked to draw a picture of something for which he was thankful, he drew a 8 . Nothing else. Just an empty hand.
His image 9 the imagination of his peers. Whose hand could it be One child guessed it was the hand of a 10 , because they raise turkeys. Another 11 a police officer, because police keep people safe. And so the 12 went on.
Finally the teacher walked over to Douglas’ desk, bent down and asked him whose hand it was. The little boy looked away and said, “It’s yours, teacher.”
She 13 the times when she had taken his hand and walked with him here or there, and times when she’d said things like “Take my hand Douglas, we’ll go outside” or “Let me show you how to hold your pencil.”
This story tells us that we might not always say 14 . But we’ll remember the hand that
15 .
1. A. game B. assignment C. lesson D. experiment
2. A. thankful B. doubtful C. satisfied D. desperate
3. A. practical B. affordable C. developed D. disadvantaged
4. A. designs B. examples C. subjects D. ideas
5. A. prepared B. drew C. collected D. bought
6. A. teacher’s B. friend’s C. partner’s D. deskmate’s
7. A. fun B. artistic C. fine D. different
8. A. nose B. face C. hand D. head
9. A. confirmed B. captured C. conveyed D. required
10. A. farmer B. cook C. driver D. doctor
11. A. identified B. discovered C. suggested D. remembered
12. A. introduction B. discussion C. quarrel D. debate
13. A. recognized B. reminded C. recalled D. imagined
14. A. thanks B. sorry C. please D. yes
15. A. puts up B. picks up C. sets out D. reaches out
【阅读提升】
C
In October, 2019, Beijing Daily warned the youth that they shouldn’t let Internet slang (俚语) deepen the generation gap (代沟), after People Daily started a discussion on Chinese microblog Weibo on how to “explain” the youth’s Internet slang terms to parents. The post got 40,000 likes. People were commenting that they couldn’t keep up with the rapidly developing Internet lingo (术语) in China.
People also fear that Chinese Internet slang will negatively influence broader linguistic (语言的) trends of Mandarin Chinese, in particular, the gradual taking over of pinyin, the romanization of traditional Chinese characters using the Western alphabet. As pinyin gets widely used when people text or write on mobile phones or computers, while less and less people write characters by hand, people gradually forget how to write them, which is called “character amnesia” in China.
2019’s latest slang terms add a further simplification: the use of pinyin acronyms. “Awsl” in pinyin, for instance, means Ah, wo si le (Oh, I’m gonna die), and is used if something is too cute or adorable. “Nsdd” stands for ni shuo de dui (you’re right).
Certainly, as an age-old written language, Chinese has been evolving and developing over the years. But the Chinese Internet lingo is unlikely to replace the existing use of Mandarin Chinese, but will rather be enriching it by adding another layer.
Acronyms aren’t new. They have appeared with the limited space available in early-generation cell phone messaging. Some of them have become a part of the English language, such as BTW (by the way) and LOL (laugh out loud), while others had a rather short lifetime. That’s likely to be what’s going to happen with China’s Internet slang terms. Some are going to be old in a few weeks, while others might make it into mainstream use, and as they do, young net users are coming up with new slang words to differentiate themselves.
In China, using Internet slang means belonging to a certain generation that likes to watch the same talk shows, play the same games, etc., and therefore, creates unity. Older generations don’t have to feel left out, and certainly don’t have to fear a degradation (没落) of the Chinese language. While language development is unavoidable, Internet slang is not going to let 6,000 years of Chinese written language completely change overnight.
1. The public are worried about Chinese Internet slang abuse because ___________.
A. It’s used by children to keep secrets from parents
B. It can cause confusion even among young people
C. It was invented in response to the limited messaging space
D. It will rarely have a positive effect on linguistic trends of Chinese
2. How do Chinese Internet slang terms affect the Chinese language
A. They add variety to the language.
B. They are replacing its traditional vocabulary.
C. They make the language more global.
D. They only have temporary effects on Chinese.
3. By using Internet slang in China people may get ___________.
A. a sense of purpose
B. a sense of group identity
C. a sense of cultural pride
D. a sense of safety
4. Which could be the best title for the passage
A. Is Media Helping Older Generation Understand Internet Slang
B. Is Chinese Language Too Powerful to Be Largely Affected
C. Is Mandarin Chinese Useful to Bridge the Generation Gap
D. Is Internet Slang Deepening the Generation Gap, Ruining Chinese
D
Recently, a satellite designed to study all water across the world has begun sending its first images back to Earth. The satellite is called SWOT, which stands for Surface Water and Ocean Topography.
The American space agency NASA says the satellite is expected to measure the elevation (海拔) of nearly all water on Earth’s surface. It is the largest and most detailed effort yet to map the world’s water.
The satellite uses instruments to glean detailed height and surface measurements of water in oceans, lakes and rivers. Researchers say the information can help them learn more about how the world’s water supply influences climate change.
One major goal of the project is to research how oceans take in atmospheric heat and carbon dioxide (CO2). The natural process reduces temperatures and climate change.
Data will be recorded about 90 percent of Earth’s surface. Such data can support efforts to learn about ocean currents, guess the weather and control freshwater supplies in areas with little rain. The information is also expected to help communities as they seek to improve and manage their water resources and prepare for floods and other disasters.
The images use colors to identify the elevation levels in different bodies of water. In one example of its first work, SWOT measured sea levels off the coast of North Carolina and Virginia. A radar (雷达) instrument on the satellite collected data on an ocean area about 120 kilometers across.
NASA said red and orange areas in the images represented sea levels that were higher than the worldwide average. On the other hand, areas shown in blue represented sea levels that were lower than average.
SWOT’s radar instrument can also collect data through clouds and darkness. This will allow scientists to map observations under all-weather conditions and cover large areas at any time of day. The satellite will collect information on bodies of water across the globe — data that will be available to everybody who needs it.
5. What does the underlined word “glean” mean in paragraph 3
A. Change. B. Collect.
C. Stress. D. Compare.
6. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. The process of conducting the project.
B. The sea’s role in climate control.
C. Various uses of the data.
D. Information first sent back to Earth.
7. What do the colors on the images show about a body of water
A. Its size. B. Its shape.
C. Its temperature. D. Its height.
8. Which of the following is an advantage of SWOT
A. It functions in different weather conditions.
B. It watches Earth’s surface from space.
C. It gives cheap and useful information.
D. It offers the clearest images of water bodies.
七选五
The teenage years are a transformative period marked by great physical, psychological, and emotional changes. 1 They refer to the feelings that arise during interactions with others, such as gratitude, shame, sympathy, guilt, and pride.
Understanding and managing social emotions can help develop teenagers’ identities. Teenagers experience a wide range of emotions from social interactions, which significantly influences their self-understanding and social awareness. In the process, they learn to understand, and appropriately respond to both their own emotions and those of others. 2
In academic settings, social emotional competencies like self-regulation, motivation, and social awareness directly impact a teenager’s ability to learn, participate, and engage in school activities. 3 Teenagers with strong social emotional skills are better equipped to handle stress, resist peer pressure, and avoid risky behaviors, reducing the likelihood of developing mental health issues.
Learning social emotions involves a combination of personal experience, guidance, and formal education. 4 This environment influences teenagers’ earliest understanding of how to communicate and manage their emotions. They feel safe and supportive to express their emotions freely and learn to manage them without fear of judgment. Schools also play a significant role through social emotional learning programs that teach these skills in a structured munity involvement, extracurricular activities, and peer (同伴) interactions offer additional opportunities for teenagers to practice and refine their social emotional skills.
5 It contributes to a teenager’s ability to manage their own emotions, understand others’ emotions, and face social complexities. This learning is a cornerstone for shaping their identity, influencing their interpersonal relationships, academic success, mental health, and future life outcomes.
A. What exactly are social emotions
B. The journey into mature emotion is quite easy.
C. Social emotion learning for teenagers is essential.
D. Central to this phase is the concept of social emotions.
E. This helps shape their own personal principles and beliefs.
F. Families play a crucial role in modeling and developing these skills.
G. Moreover, social emotional skills are closely linked to mental health.
【写作训练】
一、应用文
假定你是校广播站英语节目“The Voice of Youth”的负责人李华。请给外教Caroline写一封邮件邀请她做一次关于英语学习的访谈。内容包括：
1. 节目介绍；
2. 访谈时间和内容；
3. 期待回复。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
二、读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
When Jayce Crowder was in kindergarten, he began noticing that he looked different from his classmates. They had two hands. But he had only one.
It started when one boy teased him. Jayce was in a bad mood. He’d return home in Des Moines, Iowa, with questions: Why am I different Why me Why “He actually told us that he was mad at looking so different from others,” said his mother, Cortney Lewis. “That really hurt him.”
Lewis admitted she didn’t know what to do at that point. How could she provide answers to her son’s questions when she had never found those answers herself
A few weeks later, Lewis came home from her job and turned on the TV to a news story about Trashaun Willis, an eighth grader from Washington, Iowa. The boy, then 14, had become an Internet star after posting videos of his slam dunks (扣篮), and, like Jayce, he was missing most of his left arm. Lewis called Jayce in. He was shocked, staring at one dunk after another.
At the time, it seemed that watching Trashaun would simply be an inspiring moment for Jayce — he’d see a shining role model with a seemingly similar born disability. And had it stayed just that, Lewis would have been happy. But little did she know that a family friend had already reached out to the Des Moines Register, asking the newspaper to help set up a meeting with Trashaun to build Jayce’s confidence.
“It reassured me,” said Lewis. “I know in my heart that everything’s going to be OK. Trashaun has grown up to be a wonderful kid. And I know Jayce is too.”
Trashaun did get serious with Jayce. Finally, the boys met at Washington Middle School on a Saturday afternoon a couple of months later, in April 2023, and they instantly bonded.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
【外刊精读】
原文
If you speak more than one language, you may have had the experiences of them mingling in your sleep. But how and why do our brains come up with these multilingual dreams – and could they have an impact on our real-life language skills
To understand the link between sleep and language, let’s start with just one language: your own. You may think you mastered your native language long ago, but you are actually still constantly updating it. Even adults still learn about one new word every two days in their mother tongue.
It’s during sleep that the integration of old and new knowledge happens. During the day, our hippocampus, which specialises in absorbing information quickly, soaks up new words. At night, it passes the new information on to other parts of the brain, where it can be stored and connected to other relevant information.
What we do know is that aside from processing daytime information, our brain can also learn new words while asleep.
Matthieu Koroma, a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Liège in Belgium, who specialises in sleep and cognition, co-authored a number of studies that add to this nuanced picture of how and when we engage with language in our sleep.
“Basically, the message is that you are able to learn words in other languages during sleep, even new languages you never heard before, but you do it in a very different way than when you are awake,” he says.
Does all this mean we can effortlessly learn a language in our sleep, as long as we play a language lesson all night long
Not necessarily. It might actually backfire, by disturbing your rest, Koroma says. He also points out that in the study, participants learned the words much faster when they were awake than when they were asleep: “It’s way more efficient when you’re awake.”
“Wakefulness is good for learning, and sleep is more to replay, not for new language acquisition,” Koroma says. “It’s an interactive process, it’s complementary, meaning that you learn during the day, and during sleep you sort through this information, consolidate some of your memories, and try to put it in new contexts.”
“The best way to do it is probably to learn a new language before going to sleep, and then play some of the words you just heard, while being asleep,” says Koroma. “Here the results are mostly that if you play them quietly enough, it will boost your learning abilities. But if you play it too loudly, it will actually lower you learning ability. So there is some fine-tuning.”
文本精读
If you speak more than one language, you may have had the experiences of them mingling in your sleep. But how and why do our brains come up with these multilingual dreams – and could they have an impact on our real-life language skills
mingle v. 混合，混杂；应酬，交际
come up with 相出，提出；拿出，提供（钱款）
multilingual adj. 会说多种语言的，以多种语言表达的
请翻译上文：
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______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
To understand the link between sleep and language, let’s start with just one language: your own. You may think you mastered your native language long ago, but you are actually still constantly updating it. Even adults still learn about one new word every two days in their mother tongue.
master v. 精通，掌握
constantly adv. 始终；一直
请翻译上文：
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______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It’s during sleep that the integration of old and new knowledge happens. During the day, our hippocampus, which specialises in absorbing information quickly, soaks up new words. At night, it passes the new information on to other parts of the brain, where it can be stored and connected to other relevant information.
integration n. 结合，整合；混合，融合
hippocampus n. 海马体（大脑中被认为是情感和记忆中心的部分）
soak up 吸收，学会；沉浸于，充分体验
请翻译上文：
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What we do know is that aside from processing daytime information, our brain can also learn new words while asleep.
aside from （= apart from）除了……外
请翻译上文：
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______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Matthieu Koroma, a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Liège in Belgium, who specialises in sleep and cognition, co-authored a number of studies that add to this nuanced picture of how and when we engage with language in our sleep.
cognition n. 认知，感知
nuanced adj. 细致入微的
请翻译上文：
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“Basically, the message is that you are able to learn words in other languages during sleep, even new languages you never heard before, but you do it in a very different way than when you are awake,” he says.
请翻译上文：
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______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Does all this mean we can effortlessly learn a language in our sleep, as long as we play a language lesson all night long
请翻译上文：
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Not necessarily. It might actually backfire, by disturbing your rest, Koroma says. He also points out that in the study, participants learned the words much faster when they were awake than when they were asleep: “It’s way more efficient when you’re awake.”
backfire v. 事与愿违，适得其反；（车辆或其发动机）逆火，回火
way adv. 远远地，大大地；非常 n. 方式；道路
请翻译上文：
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“Wakefulness is good for learning, and sleep is more to replay, not for new language acquisition,” Koroma says. “It’s an interactive process, it’s complementary, meaning that you learn during the day, and during sleep you sort through this information, consolidate some of your memories, and try to put it in new contexts.”
acquisition n. （知识、技能等的）获得，得到；（对公司的）收购，并购
complementary adj. 互补的，补充的，相互不足的
sort v. 整理，把……分类；妥善处理 n. 种类，类别
consolidate v. 使加强，使巩固；（使）结成一体，合并
请翻译上文：
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“The best way to do it is probably to learn a new language before going to sleep, and then play some of the words you just heard, while being asleep,” says Koroma. “Here the results are mostly that if you play them quietly enough, it will boost your learning abilities. But if you play it too loudly, it will actually lower you learning ability. So there is some fine-tuning.”
fine-tuning v. 对（机器、系统、计划等）进行微调，精密调节
请翻译上文：
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参考答案：
【词汇冲关】
一、英汉互译
1. investigate vi. & vt. 调查；研究
2. process n. 过程；进程；步骤 vt. 处理；加工
3. exit n. 出口；通道 vi. & vt. 出去；离去
4. image n. 形象；印象
5. quote vt. 引用
6. conduct n. 行为；举止；管理方法 vt. 组织；安排；带领
7. attempt n. & vt. 企图；试图；尝试
8. worthwhile adj. 值得做的；值得花时间的
9. entrance n. 入口；进入
10. forgive vt. & vi. 原谅；宽恕 vt. 对不起；请原谅
11. sacred adj. 神圣的；受尊敬的
12. profit n. 利润；利益
13. creature n. 生物；动物
14. stir vt. 激发；搅动
15. skin n. 皮；皮肤
16. living adj. 居住的；活的；在用的 n. 生活；生计
17. adapt vi. 适应 vt. 使适应；使适合
18. measure n. 措施；方法 vt. 测量；度量；估量
19. pressure n. 压力；要求
20. remind vt. 提醒；使想起
21. conference n. 会议；研讨会；正式会谈
22. resident n. 居民；（美国的）住院医生 adj. （在某地）居住的
23. privacy n. 隐私；私密
24. guideline n. 准则；指导原则
25. define vt. 给……下定义；界定；解释
26. function n. 功能；作用；机能 vi. 起作用；正常工作；运转
27. confirm vt. 确认；使确信
28. press vt. 按，压；敦促
29. discount n. 折扣 vt. 打折
30. account n. 账户；描述
二、单句语法填空
1. immediately 2. effective 3. recovery 4. reservation 5. extinction
6. announcement 7. individually 8. achievement 9. poets 10. surrounding
11. why 12. for 13. various 14. treatment 15. reaction
三、根据汉语意思，用合适的短语填空
1. belongs to
2. as well as
3. Keep your eyes open for
4. absorbed in
5. try out for
6. In addition to
7. From then on
8. got through
9. made a proposal
10. died out
【语法突破】
（一）
1. composer 2. in 3. Moved 4. received 5. original
6. who 7. performance 8. singers 9. a 10. to sing
（二）
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了亚美尼亚小提琴家Astrid Poghosyan热爱中国并在中国实现了自己的音乐家梦想的故事。
1. herself 考查反身代词。句意：亚美尼亚音乐家Astrid Poghosyan为自己取的中文名字“马星星”感到非常自豪。根据句意可知，设空处与主语she指代同一人，因而用反身代词。故填herself。
2. is inspired 考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：“星星”的字面意思是星星，灵感来自她的亚美尼亚姓氏，而“马”则来自中国三国时期著名的武士马超。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少谓语；动词inspire与主语Xingxing之间是动宾关系，因而用被动语态；根据上下文语境可知，这里的时态为一般现在时。故填is inspired。
3. which 考查定语从句。句意：Poghosyan总是把她所有的精力投入到她所参与的项目中，因为她相信每一点努力都将帮助她实现与音乐有关的梦想。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，缺少关系词；且先行词为物，在定语从句中作介词的宾语。故填which。
4. extremely 考查词性转换。句意：音乐无国界，新冠肺炎疫情期间，音乐文化交流尤为重要。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰形容词important，因此应用extreme的副词形式。故填extremely。
5. experiencing 考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国工作了12年，体验着中国的语言和文化，Poghosyan现在已经成为一名真正的中国通了。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语，且experience和主语之间是主动关系，所以用experience的现在分词。故填experiencing。
6. a 考查冠词。句意：这样的多元文化背景极大地帮助她在目前的工作中脱颖而出。结合句意可知，这里泛指一种多文化背景，且background作“背景”讲时是可数名词，所以用不定冠词。故填a。
7. including 考查非谓语动词。句意：她对中国文化的热爱，包括成龙的电影和花木兰的故事，帮助她度过了艰难的语言学习过程。分析句子结构可知，“______ (include) Jackie Chan’s movies and stories of Mulan”作定语，修饰Chinese culture；且include和Chinese culture是逻辑上的主动关系，因此应用include的现在分词形式。故填including。
8. to 考查介词。句意：随着她逐渐适应了中国的语言和文化，她也开始探索上海丰富多彩的城市生活。adapt oneself to“使自己适应”，为固定搭配。故填to。
9. have been 考查谓语动词的时态。句意：自从我第一次来到上海，这里人民的善良和友好就已经给我留下了深刻的印象。since引导时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时态。故填have been。
10. convenience 考查词性转换。句意：无论是街上的环卫工人，还是便利店的收银员，我遇到的每个人都对我报以灿烂的微笑。表示“便利店”，应用名词作定语，表示被修饰词store的功能。故填convenience。
【阅读基础】
A
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些经典的英国电影，这些电影涵盖了不同的主题，展示了英国社会的各个方面，同时也展现了英国人独特的幽默感。
1. B 细节理解题。根据The Full Monty部分的“The Full Monty is an uplifting film that gives an insight into the work and life of the working class in Britain.”可知，通过观看The Full Monty这部电影，观众可以了解英国工人阶级的生活。故选B。
2. B 细节理解题。根据Monty Python’s Life of Brian部分的“Featuring a jam-packed cast of comedic stars ... The film reflects the unusual and wonderful British sense of humour ... an insight into what makes the British laugh.”可知，Monty Python’s Life of Brian是一部喜剧电影。故选B。
3. C 细节理解题。根据Trainspotting部分的“Danny Boyle’s 1996 comedy-drama Trainspotting is about a group of Scots in the 1980s, based on the book by Irvine Welsh.”可知，Trainspotting这部电影改编自一本书。故选C。
B
本文是一篇说明文。作者在文章中介绍了自己旅游时逛食品杂货店的经历，并建议人们旅游时到当地的食品杂货店去看看。
4. B 词义猜测题。根据画线短语后的“This offers clues to their lifestyles and preferences and the agricultural and cooking practices of the country”可知，逛食品杂货店可以帮助人们了解当地。故选B。
5. A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I was able to use cloth bags in Costa Rica”可知，在哥斯达黎加，作者可以使用布袋买东西。故选A。
6. D 推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，作者通过描述在斯里兰卡的一家食品杂货店和一位十几岁的出纳员聊天的经历，说明了食品杂货店的人的友善。故选D。
7. D 文章出处题。根据本文内容可知，作者结合自己的经历，建议人们旅游时到当地的食品杂货店去看看。本文的内容和旅游有关，故最有可能出现在“旅游”版块。故选D。
完形填空
本文是一篇记叙文。在感恩节前，老师让孩子们画出他们感恩的东西。Douglas画的是老师的一只手，因为这只手经常牵着他，帮助他。
1. B 句意：一年级的老师给学生布置了一项有趣的作业——为他们心怀感激的事物画一幅画。根据“to draw a picture of something for which they were _____”可知，老师给学生布置了一项任务。A. game游戏；B. assignment任务，作业；C. lesson课；D. experiment实验。故选B。
2. A 句意同上。根据上文“Thanksgiving Day was near.”和第四段“When asked to draw a picture of something for which he was thankful”可知，因为感恩节快到了，老师让孩子们把他们感恩的事情画出来。A. thankful感谢的；B. doubtful怀疑的；C. satisfied满意的；D. desperate绝望的。故选A。
3. D 句意：这个班级的大多数学生生活贫困，但仍然有许多人会用火鸡和这个季节的其他传统美食来庆祝这个节日。根据“but still many would celebrate the holiday with turkey and other traditional goodies (好吃的东西) of the season”中转折词but可知，班级里大多数同学家庭是贫困的。A. practical实际的；B. affordable支付得起的；C. developed发达的；D. disadvantaged处于不利地位的，贫困的。故选D。
4. C 句意：老师认为，这些将是大多数学生的艺术主题。根据“but still many would celebrate the holiday with turkey and other traditional goodies (好吃的东西) of the season”可知，学生们画画的主题会是火鸡和其他传统的好吃的东西。A. designs设计；B. examples例子；C. subjects主题，题材；D. ideas想法。故选C。
5. B 句意：但是一个名叫Douglas的学生画了一幅不同类型的画。根据“to draw a picture of something for which they were _____”可知，Douglas按照老师的要求画了一幅画。A. prepared准备；B. drew画；C. collected收集；D. bought买。故选B。
6. A 句意：当其他孩子在课间玩耍时，他会紧紧地站在老师身边。根据倒数第二段“She _____ the times when she had taken his hand and walked with him here or there, and times when she’d said things like ‘Take my hand Douglas, we’ll go outside’ or ‘Let me show you how to hold your pencil.’”可知，Douglas经常在老师身边。A. teacher’s老师的；B. friend’s朋友的；C. partner’s伙伴的；D. deskmate’s同桌的。故选A。
7. D 句意：是的，他的画是不同的。根据“But one student named Douglas _____ a different kind of picture.”可知，Douglas所画的画是不同的。A. fun有趣的；B. artistic艺术的；C. fine好的；D. different不同的。故选D。
8. C 句意：当被要求画出他所感谢的东西时，他画了一只手。根据“Just an empty hand.”可知，Douglas画的是一只手。A. nose鼻子；B. face脸；C. hand手；D. head头。故选C。
9. B 句意：他的画作引起了同学们的想象。根据“Whose hand could it be ”可知，Douglas的画引起了同学们的想象和讨论。A. confirmed证实；B. captured引起，吸引；C. conveyed表达；D. required要求。故选B。
10. A 句意：一个孩子猜测这是农民的手，因为他们养火鸡。根据“because they raise turkeys”和常识可知，火鸡是农民喂养的。A. farmer农民；B. cook厨师；C. driver司机；D. doctor医生。故选A。
11. C 句意：另一个提出是警察，因为警察保护人们的安全。根据“because police keep people safe”可知，另一个学生提出是警察。A. identified识别；B. discovered发现；C. suggested建议，提议；D. remembered记得。故选C。
12. B 句意：讨论就这样继续下去。根据“Whose hand could it be One child guessed it was the hand of a _____, because they raise turkeys. Another _____ a police officer, because police keep people safe.”可知，同学们继续讨论这只手是谁的。A. introduction介绍；B. discussion讨论；C. quarrel争吵；D. debate争论。故选B。
13. C 句意：她回忆起她曾拉着他的手，和他一起到处走走，也曾说过“牵着我的手，Douglas，我们要出去”或“让我教你怎么握铅笔”这样的话。根据“the times when she had taken his hand and walked with him here or there, and times when she’d said things like ‘Take my hand Douglas, we’ll go outside’ or ‘Let me show you how to hold your pencil.’”可知，这里指老师回忆起往事。A. recognized认出；B. reminded提醒；C. recalled回忆；D. imagined想象。故选C。
14. A 句意：这个故事告诉我们，我们可能不会总是说谢谢。根据“But we’ll remember the hand that _____.”可知，我们有时不会说谢谢这样的话。A. thanks感谢；B. sorry对不起；C. please请；D. yes是。故选A。
15. D 句意：但我们会记住伸出的手。根据“But we’ll remember the hand”可知，但我们会永远记得伸过来帮忙的手。A. puts up张贴；B. picks up捡起；C. sets out出发；D. reaches out伸出。故选D。
【阅读提升】
C
本文是一篇议论文。文章就“网络俚语是否会加剧代沟，毁灭汉语？”这一话题展开论述。
1. D 细节理解题。根据第二段“People also fear that Chinese Internet slang will negatively influence broader linguistic (语言的) trends of Mandarin Chinese（人们还担心，中国的网络俚语会对普通话更广泛的语言趋势产生负面影响）”可知，公众担心网络俚语是因为它很少对汉语的语言发展趋势产生积极的影响，故选D项。
2. A 推理判断题。根据第四段“But the Chinese Internet lingo is unlikely to replace the existing use of Mandarin Chinese, but will rather be enriching it by adding another layer.（但中文网络用语不太可能取代现有的普通话，而是会通过增加另一层来丰富它。）”可知，网络用语对中文的影响是增加了语言的多样性，故选A项。
3. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In China, using Internet slang means belonging to a certain generation that likes to watch the same talk shows, play the same games, etc., and therefore, creates unity.（在中国，使用网络俚语意味着属于某一代人，他们喜欢看同样的脱口秀，玩同样的游戏等等；因此，创造团结。）”可知，在中国使用网路俚语会使人们获得群体认同感，故选B项。
4. D 标题判断题。根据第一段“In October, 2019, Beijing Daily warned the youth that they shouldn’t let Internet slang deepen the generation gap（2019年10月，《北京日报》警告年轻人，他们不应该让网络俚语加深代沟）”可知，第一段提到了网络俚语可能加深人们之间的代沟。再根据最后一段“While language development is unavoidable, Internet slang is not going to let 6,000 years of Chinese written language completely change overnight.（虽然语言的发展是不可避免的，但网络俚语不会让6000年的中文书面语言在一夜之间完全改变。）”可知，最后一段提出网络俚语不会毁灭汉语，所以文章主要围绕着“网络俚语是否加剧代沟，毁灭汉语”展开。D项“网络俚语正在加剧代沟，毁灭汉语吗？”最适合作为本文的标题。故选D项。
D
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了卫星SWOT的作用：为研究全球水体收集和提供信息。
5. B 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“The American space agency NASA says the satellite is expected to measure the elevation (海拔) of nearly all water on Earth’s surface.”以及第三段中“Researchers say the information can help them learn more about how the world’s water supply influences climate change.”可推知，该卫星使用仪器收集海洋、湖泊和河流中水的详细高度和表面测量值。这些信息可以帮助他们更多地了解世界供水如何影响气候变化。故可猜测此处glean的意思是“搜集”，与collect是同义词。故选B。
6. C 段落大意题。通读第五段内容可知，这些数据可以帮助人们了解洋流、猜测天气以及在少雨地区控制淡水供应。这些信息还有望帮助社区改善和管理水资源，并为洪水和其他灾害做好准备。由此可知，第五段主要讲的是数据的各种用途。故选C。
7. D 细节理解题。根据第六段的“The images use colors to identify the elevation levels in different bodies of water.”可知，这些图像使用颜色来识别不同水体海平面以上的高度。这说明图像上的颜色显示了水体的高度。故选D。
8. A 推理判断题。通读最后一段内容可知，SWOT的雷达仪器还可以穿过云层和黑暗收集数据。这将使科学家能够在全天候天气条件下绘制观测图，并在任何时间覆盖大片地区。即SWOT能在不同天气条件下运行。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了青少年时期是身体、心理和情感发生巨大变化的转变时期，说明了社会情感技能的作用和重要性。
七选五
1. D 根据上文“The teenage years are a transformative period marked by great physical, psychological, and emotional changes. (青少年时期是身体、心理和情感发生巨大变化的转变时期)”以及下文“They refer to the feelings that arise during interactions with others, such as gratitude, shame, sympathy, guilt, and pride. (它们指的是在与他人互动时产生的感觉，比如感激、羞耻、同情、内疚和骄傲)”可推知，空处应承接上文，提出一个和青少年时期的情感变化相关的概念，同时引出下文的解释。D选项“Central to this phase is the concept of social emotions.”符合语境。D选项中的this phase指代上文的The teenage years；social emotions是下文的They指代的内容。故选D。
2. E 通读第二段可知，理解和管理社会情绪可以帮助发展青少年的身份。青少年在社会交往中体验到各种各样的情绪，这对他们的自我理解和社会意识有很大的影响。在这个过程中，他们学会理解并适当地回应自己和他人的情绪。空处为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明理解和回应自己和他人情绪的作用。E选项“This helps shape their own personal principles and beliefs.”符合语境。故选E。
3. G 根据上文“In academic settings, social emotional competencies like self-regulation, motivation, and social awareness directly impact a teenager’s ability to learn, participate, and engage in school activities. (在学术环境中，自我调节、动机和社会意识等社交情感技能直接影响青少年学习、参与和参加学校活动的能力。)”可知，此段在介绍社交情感技能影响的方面。再根据下文“Teenagers with strong social emotional skills are better equipped to handle stress, resist peer pressure, and avoid risky behaviors, reducing the likelihood of developing mental health issues. (拥有强大社交情感技能的青少年能够更好地处理压力，抵抗同辈压力，避免危险行为，减少发展心理健康问题的可能性)”可知，空处应是说明社交情感技能和青少年心理健康的相关性。G选项“Moreover, social emotional skills are closely linked to mental health.”符合语境。故选G。
4. F 根据本段第一句以及倒数两句可知，本段主要介绍了影响青少年情绪技能的多样环境，诸如学校、社区、课外活动和同伴等，由此推知，空处也是在说明影响青少年情绪技能的环境。F选项“Families play a crucial role in modeling and developing these skills.”符合语境。故选F。
5. C 空处是本段主旨句。通读本段内容可知，本段总结了情感技能的重要性，它有助于青少年管理自己的情绪，理解他人的情绪，以及面对社会复杂性的能力。这种学习是塑造他们的身份、影响他们的人际关系、学业成功、心理健康和未来生活成果的基石。C选项“Social emotion learning for teenagers is essential.”能概括本段主要内容，符合语境。C选项中Social emotion learning对应下文的It。故选C。
【写作训练】
一、应用文
Dear Caroline.
I’m Li Hua from the radio station, who is in charge of the English programme “The Voice of Youth”. I’m writing to invite you to be our guest of the coming show.
Our programme gains great popularity among students, focusing on the topics ranging from hot social issues to puzzling problems in life. The upcoming topic will be about the English learning strategies, considering that some students still find it hard to adjust themselves to English learning in Senior One. So I’m wondering if it is convenient for you, an expert in this field, to share with us your thoughts at 7:00 p.m. next Friday
I sincerely hope you can accept our invitation. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
二、读后续写
Paragraph 1:
The day was not spent on self-pity — it was really fun and unforgettable. They rode bikes around the school’s hallways, took photos, and played hide-and-seek. Trashaun taught Jayce how to slam dunks. He even gave Jayce a shirt as a gift. He talked about their left arms. He told Jayce he was perfect the way he looked. He encouraged him not to let anyone drag him down and shake his confidence.
Paragraph 2:
After the meeting, Jayce learned to accept his disability. He began to understand that there are many people like him. He came to adapt himself to his disability. He recently started practising shooting basketball every day and he really loves it. Jayce often chats with Trashaun on the Internet about basketball skills as well as some school issues. He is really motivated by this role model and has a positive attitude to his future life. As for Trashaun, he never dreamed that his videos would have such an impact. His relationship with Jayce made him look forward to helping more kids.
【外刊精读】
全文翻译：
如果你会说不止一种语言，你可能经历过在睡梦中它们混杂在一起。但是，我们的大脑是如何产生这些包含多种语言的梦境，其背后的原因又是什么呢？它们会对我们现实生活中的语言技能产生影响吗
为了理解睡眠和语言之间的联系，让我们从你的母语开始讲起。你可能认为你早就掌握了母语，但实际上你还在不断地更新它。就连成年人每两天也要学会一个母语新词。
新旧知识的整合正是在睡眠中发生的。白天，专门负责快速吸收信息的海马体学习新单词。到了晚上，海马体将新信息传递到大脑的其他部分，在那里信息得以储存，并与其他相关信息联系在一起。
我们所知道的是，除了在白天处理信息，我们的大脑也可以在睡觉时学习新单词。
比利时列日大学的博士后研究员马蒂厄·科罗马专门研究睡眠和认知，他与人合著了一系列研究，细致地描述了我们在睡眠中怎样以及何时接触语言。
他说：“基本上，研究发现，你可以在睡眠中学习其他语言的单词，甚至是你从未听过的新语言，但你的学习方式与清醒时大不相同。”
这是否意味着我们可以在睡梦中毫不费力地学习一门语言，只要我们整晚都播放语言课程？
并不一定。科罗马说，这样做实际上可能会适得其反，因为它会影响你的休息。他还指出，在研究中，参与者在清醒的时候学习单词的速度要比睡着的时候快得多，“清醒的时候学习单词的效率要高得多。”
科罗马说：“清醒的状态有利于学习，睡眠更多的是为了回放，而不是学习新语言。”“这是一个相互影响的过程，二者互为补充，这意味着你在白天学习，而在睡觉时你会整理这些信息，巩固一些记忆，并尝试将它放在新的情境中。”
科罗马说：“最好的方法可能是在睡觉前学习一门新语言，然后在睡觉的时候播放一些你刚刚听到过的单词。”“这样做的结果主要是，如果你播放的音量足够低（不至于影响休息），它会提高你的学习能力。但如果你放得太大声，反而会降低你的学习能力。所以会有一些微调。”

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