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应用文 考前指导
写作原则：1. 审清题目要求。 2. 明确题目的体裁、写作目的。 3. 正确使用人称、时态和语态。 4. 掌握和有效组织中心要点，以防遗漏。 5. 正确合理地丰富词汇与句型，避免表达的单一性。 6. 语言表达地道，防止中式英语。7. 大小写、标点符号和单词拼写，防止发生低级错误。 8. 文章的检查与修改，注意逻辑连贯，学会分段。 9. 文章的卷面干净与整体布局，争取印象分。
题材类型：1. 书信类（信件/邮件） 2. 通知/演讲稿/倡议书 3. 记叙文/说明文
书信类
书信格式：一. 开头段： 1、写信背景；为什么会写这封信 2、写信目的；写这封信想达到什么目的
二、中间段： 具体问题+具体分析；
三、结尾段： 客套话。
[开头段]：1、写信背景（写信的缘由）
I am glad/happy to know that...
I heard that ...
My teacher told me...
I am informed that...
I learned that..
I read in your newspaper/ micro-blog /website that...
You said in your last letter that...
2、写信目的
Now, I am writing to do sth.
Now, I am writing this letter/e-mail to do sth.
Now, I am writing these few lines to do sth.
几种最常见书信的“写信目的”部分的写法：
邀请信：Now, I am writing to invite you to join/enjoy/suffer/experience the....(as our guest/ judge/ instructor).
建议信：Now, I am writing to give you some suggestions.
道歉信: Now, I am writing to show/ express my heartfelt apology to you.
申请信：Now, I am writing to apply for the job/position.
感谢信: Now, I am writing to show/ express my heartfelt gratitude to you.
求助信：Now, I am writing to ask you to give me a hand/ do me a favor.
[中间段]：
感谢信：写对方为你所做的事
邀请信：描述具体的活动内容，如活动主题、意义、地点、时间、 参加者和其它事项；
建议信：分条写给对方的具体建议
申请信：分条写自己的优势
求助信：写具体需要帮助的事项
道歉信：1: 不能做某事的缘由；2：弥补措施
[结尾段]：
申请信：
Hopefully the chance would be offered to me.
If chosen/elected, I would dedicate all my energy and wisdom to the company/activity/club/class.
Looking forward do your reply at your earliest convenience.
I won't let you down.（我不会让你们失望）
感谢信：
I, on behalf of my whole family/class/school, would like to thank you again (for what you have done) (for me/us).
May you be blessed (in everything you do).
邀请信：
We are sincerely looking forward to your coming.
My schoolmates/family and I would feel much honored if you could participate/come.
I would like to meet you at the school gate and please drop me a line or give me a call to let me know your decision soon. Thank you.
建议信：
Hopefully these suggestions will be of great help to you.
If there is anything else I can do for you, please let me know as soon as possible. I'm sure you can solve your problem before long.
求助信：
Hopefully your kind and timely help would be offered to me.
Looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
道歉信：
Hopefully you would accept my sincere apologize.
通知
通知通常分为口头通知和书面通知两大类。高考中的通知类作文主要涉及校园活动、比赛、文化活动等形式的书面通知，通知内容主要聚焦于学生的日常校园生活。
【写作要点】1. 通知缘由
2. 具体事项：a. 活动时间、地点 b. 活动的介绍 c. 注意事项
3. 表达欢迎和期待
注意：1. 人称：以第三人称为主，兼用第二人称 时态：以一般将来时为主 2. 语言简明、条理清晰； 3. 内容要齐全准确； 4. 因为代表组织团体，所以措辞要具有正式性。
通知缘由：
1.We are glad to tell you that...
2.In order to...，we are going to hold...
3.To satisfy your thirst for...，our school will organize...
4.In order to celebrate...，a meeting/party...is to be held at...（time） on..（date） in..（place）
具体事项：
1.The meeting will be held in the library/stadium/auditorium at....
2.The lecture will last about...and all the teachers and students are required to be present.
3.If you would like to take part in...，please come and sign up for it.
4. By then，there will be many activities you are surely interested in， including....
表达欢迎和期待：
1.Please come and join the fun！
2.We are expecting your attendance/participation.
3.Your participation will surely make a difference
演讲稿
演讲稿是在较为隆重的仪式上和某些公共场所发表的讲话文稿。不同的演讲有不同的目的，并且演讲者的情绪、所处的场合和听众也不同。高考的演讲稿主要以校园的一些特定话题的演讲活动为写作背景。
【写作要点】
Part1 表示问候+引出演讲主题
Part2 陈述与主题相关的重要因素：因素1 因素2 因素3
Part3 提出希望并表示感谢或进行总结
注意：1. 人称：以第一人称为主，兼用第三人称 时态：以一般现在时为主 2. 语气要自信,具有感染力; 3. 内容要条理清晰,主题明确。
表示问候: Hello, everyone/Good morning/Good evening!
引出演讲主题:
1.Today the topic of my speech is...
2.I'm honored to have the opportunity to make a speech on...
3.I am very glad and feel it my honor to run for/be a candidate for...
4.It is my honor to be here to share my opinions on....with you.
5.It is my great honor to be here to say something about...
6.Today I am very glad to have the chance to...
7.I am honored to have your presence here to listen to my speech on....
陈述与主题相关的重要因素:
1.Many people believe/hold the view/think that...
2.As far as I am concerned, it is a good idea to...
3.In my opinion,...is extremely important because...
4.What I want to stress is that...For one thing,....For another,.....Besides,...In a word, 5.The first thing we can do is...As we all know,...What we can do next is...For example,...What's more,...
6.With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that...
提出希望并表示感谢或进行总结:
1.So it's high time for us to...Thank you for listening!
2.In a word,...have/has a profound influence on everyone. Therefore, we must.....
3.I sincerely hope what's mentioned above will be helpful to you. Thanks for your attention
4.I hope everybody finds your stay here an enjoyable experience, and your visit will surely promote our friendship. Thank you!
5.Wish you all a pleasant stay and full-filled time here. Thank you!
6.Therefore, let's take the responsibility to...Come and put into action.
7.As far as I am concerned, I think it is a good idea to..
倡议书
倡议书是为倡议、发起某项活动而写的公开的、具有号召性的书面文章,其受众行往比较广泛,或是学校、公司、单位、团体的所有人,或是某一地区的所有人。
【写作要点】
Part1 倡议的背景、原因或目的
Part2 针对具体问题发出倡议并提出解决措施：具体做法1 具体做法2 具体做法3
Part3 再次倡议并号召大家行动
注意：1. 人称:以第一人称为主 时态:以一般现在时为主 2. 语气要有激情,情感要真挚; 3.语言具有鼓励性和感召力。
倡议的背景、原因或目的:
1.In order to...,we are required that/we are supposed to...
2.With the approaching of...,I'd like to call on everyone to..
3.I'd like to call your attention to the importance of...
4.To fulfill our obligation to...I'm here to appeal to all of us to...
5.I consider it necessary to make a comment on...
6.It is obvious that more and more people tend to...
7.In contemporary society, it has become a trend for....to....
针对具体问题发出倡议并提出解决措施:
1.I think it necessary to lay stress on...First,....Second,.....Third,....
2.I think we should follow the advice below. First of all,....Besides,...What's more,... 3.In order to.....I'd like to offer some suggestions on... To begin with,.......Finally,...
4.In my opinion, we should spare no effort to...
5.Effective measures should be adopted before things get worse. Firstly,... Secondly,... What's more,...
6.With the aim of...,we are supposed to carry out a series of measures. For one thing, For another,...
7.Only if we take effective steps to deal with this problem now can we…
再次倡议并号召大家行动:
1.It's time that we should do something to...
2.I'm calling for your active participation in...
3.Let's join our hands and take action immediately.
4.A public education campaign should be launched to make people have a good knowledge of...
5.It is essential that the authorities should work out and implement relevant regulations to put an end to this trend.
6.It's everyone's responsibility to protect the environment. If we change our life, we can make a big difference to the earth.
记叙文
记叙文通常分为叙事记叙文和写人记叙文。叙事记叙文以讲述事件为主要内容，通常在结尾道出个人感受，也包含时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过、结果六要素。写人记叙文通常围绕人物某一方面的特质展开，通过讲述所描述人物相关的事件来体现其某种正向的品质，进而表达对人物的感情。
【写作要点】
Part1 点明事件/人物
Part2 描写事件/人物细节：事件（时间，地点, 过程） 人物（人物的细节、过往;人物对作者的重要性
Part3 描写心得体会/对人物表示感谢
注意：1. 人称：因写作对象而异，以第三人称和第一人称为主 2. 时态：一般现在时/一般过去时/一般将来时 3. 刻画人物时语言要形象、生动，感情要真挚；4. 描述事件时语言要准确，条理清晰，句式灵活。
点明事件/人物：
1. Early in the morning we arrived at.../Upon our arrival, we were warmly welcomed by...
2.This summer, I took a diving trip to the undersea world, which turned to be extremely fantastic.
3. I was walking along the park yesterday when I caught sight of an old man pushing a wheel chair with difficulty.
4.As it became hotter and hotter, I...
5.There are many meaningful collective activities...among which....
描写事件/人物细节:
1.At first, I did feel a little bit nervous but soon I calmed down.
2.We were once again amazed by...and couldn't help taking pictures from time to time.
3.During the whole...what amused us most was the performance by.....which was really funny.
4.In the afternoon, we went to...to hand out leaflets in order to raise people’ awareness of...
5.Taking a deep breath, I greeted the audience and began my speech. Since fully prepared for it, I succeeded in giving full play to my skills.
6.Faced with their excellent skills, we were not discouraged. Instead, every member of our team took every chance to catch the ball and pass it on to the other teammates.
描写心得体会/对人物表示感谢:
1.As long as we believe in ourselves, we're sure to succeed in the end.
2.Through this activity, we not only passed our love to others, but also enriched our school life.
3.From this experience, I've learned that whenever we face challenges, we should fight hard.
4.It was an important step for me. I gained the confidence and had the faith to become stronger.
5.It was through this competition that I truly understand the meaning of "Chance favors only the prepared mind.“
6.How wonderful the activity was! It not only brought an amazing experience to me but also broadened my horizons.
描写人物外貌:
1.She is tall and slim with big eyes and curly hair.
2.He always wears casual clothes like jeans and T-shirts.
3.Nancy has an athletic build, fair skin and straight black hair.
4.Mary is a good-looking girl, who usually wears a bright smile.
5.Alice is a beautiful girl with curly brown hair, who is in her early twenties
描写人物性格/行为特点:
1.My friend Lisa is a warm-hearted girl and is of mild temper.
2.Not only is he outgoing, but he also has a strong sense of humor.
3.He is friendly and easy-going, usually smiling at everyone he meets.
4.My grandmother is a kind, hard-working peasant, living in the countryside.
5.She gets on well with almost everyone and is always welcome wherever she goes.
6.As a monitor, he is hard-working and warm-hearted, who sets a good example for us.
描写人物兴趣爱好:
1.Jenny's hobby is swimming, which allows her to de-stress from her study.
2.In her spare time, she spends much time listening to music and reading novels.
3.Jack likes playing basketball because it is a great way to have fun with friends and possibly make some new ones.
4.Dancing has held a special place in my life since I was a little girl. I love dancing because it fills my heart with joy.
5.As for my hobby, reading is something that gives me comfort and helps me because it can bring me into a fantastic world to explore the unknown.
6.I like reading...best. I almost soak in books...whenever I have time.
7.I have many hobbies, such as..., but my favorite one is...
说明文
说明文是近年来高考英语书面表达中比较常见的一种体裁,其特点是对事物或做事情的方法进行客观介绍。高考英语写作中的说明文多以提纲类、图表类的形式出现,内容集中在反映社会现象和指导如何做事情,要求学生能够按照一定的说明顺序进行介绍和说明,以达到实际应用和交际的目的。
【写作要点】
Part1 说明问题/现象及其严重性
Part2 分析原因及产生的结果：原因1 原因2 描述结果
Part3 提出采取的措施 措施1 措施2 措施3
注意：1. 人称:以第三人称为主 时态:以一般现在时为主 2. 语言应简洁平实,通俗易懂,表达准确,逻辑性强; 3. 在分析原因和提出措施时,要分条阐述,以确保条理清晰。
说明问题/现象及其严重性:
1.A recent survey shows that...
2.It can be seen from the table/graph/figures/statistics that...
3.Nowadays, more and more people...It is obvious that....
4.In recent years, we have to face a problem that..., which is becoming more and more..
5. ...has been playing an increasingly important role in our daily life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. For instance, …
分析原因及产生的结果:
1.The change in...largely results from the fact that....
2.There are several causes for this significant growth in... First..
3.On the one hand...On the other hand...
4.The reasons can be listed as follows. The first reason is that.
5.It is obvious that the causes of...are diverse. In the first place…
提出采取的措施:
1.We should take a series of effective measures to.... For one thing,......For another,...Finally,...
2.Accordingly, the solution to this issue should also be varied. First...
3.With..., it is of great importance for us to...On the one band...On the other hand...
4.It is high time that something should be done.
5.We should do something such as...to improve the present situation

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