资源简介

2025年中考英语语法一轮复习备考知识清单：主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致遵循三条原则：意义一致原则，语法一致原则和就近一致原则。
表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
Twenty years is not a long time.
集体名词（如family, team, crowd, company, group, government...）等作主语时，如作为 一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员，则用复数。
Our group comes first in the football game.
My family are having supper now.
people, police, cattle等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。
A lot of people are dancing outside.
不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定 谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。
All of the work has been finished.
All of the people have gone.
“a lot of (lots of, plenty of, most of)+名词”和“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语 时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数；名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。
Lots of people have been there.
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果 所指为单数意义，动词用单数。
I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.
Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.
“many a/an+名词单数或more than one+名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
“more+可数名词复数+than one”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
Many a person has read the novel.
More members than one are against your plan.
凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复 数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数；如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.
以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语
用复数
To work hard is necessary for a student.
Playing with fire is dangerous.
由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
Both he and I are right.
★但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。
The poet and writer has come.
由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形
式。
Each man and each woman is asked to help.
主语后面跟有with, along with, together with, as well as, rather than, including, besides, like, except, but等介词短语，谓语动词看主语的单复数而定。
The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。
Somebody is using the phone.
由“one, every one ,each one, any one, each, either, neither等+of+复数名词”作主语时，谓 语动词用单数形式。
Neither of the girls is pretty.
有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
Where are my shoes I can’t find them.
★如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
考点3 就近一致：就近一致是指谓语动词的单复数取决于主语中最靠近它的短语。
由连词or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词要由最近的主语而定。
Either you or I am right.
There be. . . 和Here be. . . 句型中有并列主语时，be与最近的主语保持一致。
There is a table and three chairs in Tom’s room.
注意：
1.如果主语由more than one…或many a …构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：
More than one student has seen the film.
2. both, (a) few, many, several等限定词修饰主语时，要用复数形式。如：
Both (of) these films are boring.
Few (of) the guests are familiar to us.
3. such, the same 起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。如：
Such is our plan.
4. all, most, none, some等代词作主语时，要遵循意义一致的原则，即其谓语动词的单、复数形式要根据它们所代替的词的含义来确定。如：
All of my classmates work hard. 我们班所有同学学习都很用功。
All of the water is gone. 所有的水都用光了。
5.关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中的先行词的数一致。如：
Those who want to go please sign your name here.
想去的人请把名字签在这里。
6. a (great) number of, many, a few 修饰可数名词，其短语作主语，谓语动词一般用复数；a little, much, a great deal of, a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 如：
在美国发现了许多其他种类的植物，如豆类、马铃薯以及各种各样的果类。
A number of other plants were found in America, for example, beans, potatoes, and different fruits.
许多学生到农场帮助农民摘苹果去了。
7.(a large) quantities修饰可数复数名词以及不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。如：
Large quantities of water are needed for pouring purpose.
冷却需要大量的水。
8.a series of的后面接复数名词，作主语时谓语用单数形式。如：
There has been a whole series of accidents on this stretch of road recently.
最近在这一段路上发生了一连串事故。
9. the number of＋可数名词， the amount of + 不可数名词，the quantity of +可数复数名词或不可数名词构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 如：
As a result, the number of the people who travel by plane in china is larger than ever before.
结果，在中国乘飞机旅游的人数比以前大大增加。
10. 分数或百分数作主语时谓语动词的形式
“分数或百分数 + of + 名词”构成短语或有“a lot of ,lots of,half of,plenty of ,a (large) quantity of ,the rest of,the remainder of,a heap of,heaps of + 可数或不可数名词”构成短语作主语时，谓语形式是用单数还是复数取决于它们表示的意义。试比较：
Half of the students have read the novel.一半学生读过这本小说。
Half of the food is unfit to eat.一半的食物不能吃了。
11. 名词性从句作主语时谓语动词的形式
从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；由what引导的主语从句，如果从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式时，则要求用复数形式的谓语。如：
Whether he will come or not is uncertain.
他来不来还不一定。
练习
1．Not only Zhou Xia but also her parents (be) fond of watching football matches.
2．The American superstar (spot) with a young physically-challenged Qatari boy, Al Muftah. The boy was born with a rare condition known as CRS.
3．Gas naturally (have) no recognisable smell.
4．As the demand for products rises, so their prices.
5．“All present and all going on well.” our monitor said. (be)
6．Either the beautiful sights of this modern city or its local custom (attract) thousands of visitors during the past years.
7．A large amount of money (save) since we used the equipment.
8．This is the first time that four helpless ladies (rob) in our town.
9．At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River (lie) Chongqing, one of the ten largest cities in China.
10．I think it’s Tom, rather than you, who (be) to blame.
11．Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
12．A poet and artist coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. (be)

展开更多......

收起↑