资源简介

2025年中考语法专题：现在完成时详细讲解
一、现在完成时构成：
have\has+过去分词（have\has为助动词,有人称单复数变化，没有实际意思)
二、现在完成时的定义
1. 过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
I've already had my lunch。【表示我已经吃过午餐，并且现在不饿】
2. 发生在过去并持续到现在的动作或状态。
I've lived here for 10 years.
= I've lived here since 10 years ago.
【表示我10年前就住在这里，并且现在也住这里】
三.基本构成
have/has +过去分词
肯定句 主语+have/has+过去分词 I have finished the task.
否定句 主语+haven't\hasn’t+过去分词 She hasn't finished her work yet.
疑问句 Have /Has +主语+过去分词... Has Lucy finished the task
简单回答 Yes, sb have/has. No, sb haven’t/hasn’t. Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t.
特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+have/ has 主语done What has he done
四．过去分词变化
规则变化：
①一般动词，在词尾直接加“-ed”:treat →treated
②以不发音的“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”：create→created
③过去分词 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将"y"变为"i"，再加“-ed”：reply→replied
④重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“-ed”stopped
⑤不规则变化：lie→lay→lain（注意过去式与过去分词的区别）
五、时间标志词
1. 过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
现在完成时可以和already(通常用于陈述句), yet(通常用于否定句和疑问句), just（用于陈述句）, ever（用于疑问句）, never（用于否定句）, before, twice, three times等连用。
标志词 词义 例句
already 已经 They have already chosen Li Ping to be the team captain.
ever 曾经 Have ever chatted online 你曾经网上聊过天吗？
never 从未 I have never chatted online. 我从来没有在网上聊天过。
just 刚刚 You have just come back from your hometown.
yet 还 Have you handed in your homework yet 你交作业了吗？
recently 最近 David has made great progress recently.
once,twice,a few times 几次 I have been there twice 自2015年以来，我已经去过那里两次
during/in the past＋一段时间 在过去的...时间 Our country has made great achievements during the past decades. 我国在过去几十年中取得了巨大成就。
发生在过去并持续到现在的动作或状态。
表示从过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时（肯定句和疑问句中动词必须用延续性动词）,时间状语有：during/in the past(last) few years , for +时间段,
since…ago, since+过去时间点, since+过去式句子，by now, up to now, recently, in recent years…
I have been away from my hometown for three years.(我离开家乡有3年了)
= I have been away from my hometown since three years ago.
= I have been away from my hometown since 2019.
= It is 3 years since I left my hometown.
【辨别】
1.already和yet的区别
1. already. adv. “已经”多用于肯定句中,通常与动词的完成时或进行时连用。　　
① I’ve seen the film already. 我已经看过这部电影了。
　　② The train has already left. 火车已经开走了。
2. yet. adv. “已经、仍然、还”一般只用于否定句或疑问句,且常常置于句末。如：
① He hasn’t found his bike yet. 他还没有找到他的自行车。
②Have you read Treasure Island yet 你读过《金银岛》？
【注意】already也可用于疑问句,但不表真心的疑问,而表“惊奇”。它多置于句中。有时为了强调而置于句末。
Have you already had breakfast 难道你已经吃过早餐了？
练习：
1. He has _____ been to Shanghai, has he
A. already B. never C. ever D. still
2. Sam ____ his homework yet, so he won’t go out with his classmates.
A. finishes B. hasn’t finished C. has finished D. don’t finish
2.since和for的区别
for+时间段: I have worked here for 12 years.
since+时间点: I have lived here since 2008.
since+一段时间+ago=for +时间段: The film has been on since 10 minutes ago.
since +从句（一般过去时）:Two hours have passed since he arrived here.
It's+一段时间+since（一般过去时句子）:It's three years since my grandpa died.
练习：
用since和for填空
1.______two years 2.____two years ago
3.___last month 4.______ 1999
5._______yesterday 6._______ 4 o’clock
7. 4 hours 8._____an hour ago
9. ___we were children 10._____ lunch time
11.____ she left here
12. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last.
13. I’ve known him ______ we were children.
14. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years.
15. She has been away from the city ______ about ten years.
16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
3..have been to/have gone to/have been in
1. I have been to Beijing three times. (我去过那里三次。)
→曾经去过，强调去了回来了，人还在这里
2. Where is Mr Li –He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里？他去了英国。)
→已经去了，强调去了没回来，人不在这里
3. He has been in Beijing for ten years. (他在北京呆十年了。)
→强调一直呆在某地
练习：
1.—Huai’an is very beautiful. I ________ there last year.
—Yes, I ________ there twice.
A．went; have gone B．went; have been
C．have gone; went D．have been; went
2.Mr Smith ________ here for almost ten years, and he has many Chinese friends.
A．has been B．left C．has come D．came
3.—Why not play basketball with Class 1 this afternoon
—Because they ________ Huai’an for a school trip.
A．have gone to B．have been to
C．had gone to D．had been to
4.— What’s the best park in the city
— Of course, the East Lake Park. I ________ there last week, and I ________ there many times.
A．went; have been B．have gone; have been
C．have been; have gone D．went; have gone
六、瞬间动词与延续性动词
瞬间动词也称为【终止性动词】和【非延续性动词】。这类动词所表示的动作在瞬间就可以完成，没有延续下去。通常瞬间动词表示的是一次性动作或者动作的相应结果。不能和since/for连用。
延续性动词又称为【持续性动词】，这类动词表示可以持续的动作，或者状态。动作可以延续一段时间，所以这些动词就可以和since与for连用。
如：My grandpa has died since 10 years ago.
My grandpa has been dead since 10 years ago.
瞬间与延续的转换。
非延续性动词 延续性动词
buy have
borrow keep
come/go be here
leave be away （from）
open/close be open/be closed
begin/start be on
end/finish be over
die be dead
catch a cold have a cold
become interested in be interested in
get married be married
put on wear
get up be up
wake up be awake
fall asleep be asleep
join be in = be a member of
leave be away from
get to/arrive in(at) /reach be
练习：
Mr Smith ________ here for almost ten years, and he has many Chinese friends.
A．has been B．left C．has come D．came
七．现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
1. 现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响，和现在有联系。　
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作，和现在没关系。
I have just been to London. I went there last month. 我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。
2.过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
练习
1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _________what's happened to him .
　 A. knew B. have known C.must know D.will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai, has he
　 A. already B. never C.ever D. still
3、Have you met Mr. Li ______？
　 A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago
4、Mr. Zhang ________ math in this school since he was 26.
A．teaches B．is teaching C．has taught D．will teach
5、—Our country ______ a lot so far . —Yes .I hope it will be even ______ .
　 A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good
C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better
6、—Paul has finished his homework, hasn't he —Yes. He ________ it two hours ago.
A.finished B．finishes C．has finished D．will finish
7、Miss Brown, we ______cleaning our classroom. Can we go home now
A. finish B. fishing C. are finished D. have finished
8、---You have a nice watch. ---Thank you. I ____it since I got married.
A. had B. bought C. have had D. bought
9、Mr. Green ________ London, but he will come back in two days.
A．has been to B．has gone to C．goes to D．leaves
10、—______ you ___ your homework yet —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished
C. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish

展开更多......

收起↑