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新外研版2019高中英语选择性必修三U5 Learning from nature 语言点知识点
短语
1．take...for granted 认为……理所当然
2．seek solutions to 寻求解决方法
3．take inspiration from 从……中获取灵感
4．(be) based on/upon 以……为根据
5．be designed to do... 目的是……
6．convert...into... 把……转变为……
7．respond to 做出反应，响应
8．in harmony with 与……协调一致；与……和谐相处
9．in return for 作为对……的回报
10．draw...from... 从……中获得……
11．reaction to 对……的回应
12．at ease with 不拘束，放松
13．withdraw from 从……撤出
14．in contrast to 与……相反
15．resign oneself to 听任/顺从/只好接受(做)某事
16．be opposed to 反对
17．be critical of 对……不满
18．go through 经受，经历
句式
利用仿生技术，在自然形态和过程的基础上创作建筑结构。(不定式短语作主语，作表语）
To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.
满足当下的需求，同时保护明天的世界，这可能是一项挑战，但即使是最简单的生物也能帮忙，教我们如何实现目标。（while引导的省略句）
To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge, but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
我们已经习惯了它们的存在，甚至可能把他们视为理所当然，却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。（be used to sth./doing; without doing...）
We are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realizing how much inspiration they have given us.
创造这样的建筑物能够使我们与我们的环境更和谐地相处。(V-ing 做主语, enable sb. to do...)
Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
像陶渊明和梭罗(Thoreau)那样，拒绝简单熟悉的事物，转而尝试亲近大自然，这需要相当大的勇气（句式It takes sth. to do sth, as 引导方式状语从句)
It takes considerable courage to reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature, as both Tao and Thoreau did.
我们可以从他的诗歌中看出，尽管生活艰苦，但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感，并从大自然中获得了乐趣。（succeed in doing...)
From his poetry, we can learn that although his life was arduous, he succeeded in finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature.
语法-非谓语作主语、宾语、表语（复习）
一、作主语
1. 不定式通常表示具体的一次性行为或将来的动作,强调动作本身,一般表示带有目的性的未完成事件。
It is harmful for you to smoke so much. 抽这么多烟对你的身体有害。(具体动作)
To visit Australia is my next goal. 游览澳大利亚是我的下一个目标。(未来动作)
2. 动名词通常表示一般的抽象的泛指概念,强调事件本身,表示人的习惯、爱好、职业、经验等。有时，二者之间的区别很小。
Smoking is forbidden here. 此处禁止吸烟。(抽象泛指)
Collecting stamps is his hobby. 集邮是他是他的业余爱好。(习惯爱好)
作宾语
常用的跟不定式作宾语的动词(词组): want, would like, hope, wish, expect, long, desire , intend, mean , arrange , plan, decide, determine, prepare , attempt, ask, beg, offer, promise, agree, refuse等。
特征: (1) 不定式作宾语时表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后; (2) 表示将来的动作或事件; (3) 不定式作宾语, 暗含目的性。
2. 常用的跟动名词作宾语的动词 (词组)
admit, deny, give up, quit, stop, finish, allow, permit.forbid, ban , prohibit , mind, oppose , avoid , escape , delay, put off, postpone, miss, risk, consider, imagine , bear, stand, resist, suggest, advise , recommend, advocate, enjoy等。
既可跟不定式作宾语,又可跟动名词作宾语的动词 (词组)
跟不定式和动名词意义相差不大: continue , prefer, like, hate, begin, start 等。
Price will continue rising/to rise.物价将继续上涨 注：当begin/start后的动词是表示心理状态的词如know, understand, believe , wonder 等时，通常只跟不定式。 I began to believe his story.我开始相信他对事情的描述 She started to realise that she was wrong她开始意识到她错了。 (2) 跟不定式和动名词意义差别很大
forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事
remember to do sth. 记住去做某事
remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事
regret to do sth. 很遗憾去做某事
regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
mean to do sth. 打算做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
try to do sth. 尽力做某事
try doing sth. 尝试着做某事
can't help to do sth. 不能帮着做某事
can't help doing sth. 禁不住做某事
go on to do sth. 做完某事后接着做另一件事
go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事
三、作表语
不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词在句中都可作表语,但它们之间有较大的区别。
表示具体的一次性动作,尤其是将来的或有待实现的行为,一般用不定式作表语。
All I want to do now is to drink some water. 我现在想做的就是喝点水。
表示习惯性行为、爱好、职业等,不强调动作,而是说明事件的名称或内容,一般用动名词作表语。
Her job is teaching yoga in a school. 她的工作是在一所学校教瑜伽。
现在分词和过去分词作表语,实际上就是形容词作表语。如果表示主语自身所具有的特征,令人在情绪上发生变化,意为“令人怎样”, 通常用现在分词-ing作表语; 如果表示主语被动的感受,意为“感觉怎样”,通常用过去分词-ed作表语。
The result of the game was disappointing. 比赛结果令人失望。
I was disappointed at this decision. 我对这一决定感到失望。

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