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新外研版2019高中英语选择性必修三U6 Nature in words 语言点知识点
短语
break out 爆发
at the risk of 冒着……的危险
talk away 喋喋不休，不断地谈
as if 仿佛；好像
look out of 从……朝外看
used to do 过去常常做
come round 再度发生；短暂访问
transform...into... 把……变成……
add...to... 增加……到……
replace...with... 用……替换……
in particular 特别地
cause harm to 对……造成伤害
make sb. aware of 使某人意识到
dozens of 几十；很多
be regarded as 被认为；被视为
stand by 坚持，信守(原有的决定、承诺或宣言)；支持；袖手旁观
deserve to do sth. 值得/应该做某事
be/become a target for 成为……的目标
rather than 而不是
20．more...than... 与其说……不如说……
句式
事实上，这场雪于我而言，也是同样的奇异，同样的迷人。(表语从句) The fact is that the snow was as strange and fascinating to me as it was to them.
通过回忆童年时期见到初雪的场景，作者表达了自己对童年天真快乐的向往。
By recalling his memories as a child during the first snow, the author expresses his longing for the innocent happiness of childhood.
通过设想一个没有鸟儿的世界，她想要警告科学界，提醒公众，人类活动已经对自然生态系统造成了破坏性的后果。(by doing+aim to do)
By imagining a world without birds, she aimed to alert not only the scientific community but also the general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystems.
他们这样做的原因是他们认为这些单词与孩子无关。(定语从句+表语从句)
The reason why they are doing this is that they think these words are irrelevant to children.
卡森所述的事实令人们十分担忧,大大提升了人们保护环境的意识。(现在分词作状语)
Carson's message was very alarming, causing a great increase in environmental awareness.
这是今年冬天我们在这的第一场雪，而在去年的雪季，我身在异国，在酷热的天气里汗流不止。(现在分词作状语)
It is the first fall we have had here this winter, and last year I was out of the country, sweating in a hot climate, during the snowy season.
语法-非谓语作定语、状语、补语（复习）
一、作定语
1. 基本形式和功能
基本形式
功能
动名词/现在分词的一般式
doing
主动和进行
现在分词一般式的被动结构
being done
被动和进行过去分词done被动和完成，或仅指完成的动作
动词不定式一般式的被动结构
to be done
将要发生的被动动作
The problem discussed at the last meeting was of great importance.上次会议讨论的问题很重要。
The problem being discussed now is of great importance.现在正在讨论的问题非常重要。
The problem to be discussed at the next meeting is of great importance.
2. ability, chance, idea, fact, attempt, moment, way, right 等词后常接不定式作后置定语。
Do you have the ability to read and write in English 你有英文读写能力吗
二、作补语
1. 用不定式作宾补的动词
advise, allow, ask, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, invite , order, permit, persuade, promise, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish 等词后常用不定式作宾补。
So children should be encouraged to learn music or listen tomusic.所以应该鼓励孩子们学习音乐或听音乐。
The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。
2. 作感官动词的宾补
感官动词 see, watch, notice, observe, look at, hear, listen to,feel的宾补形式有以下三种:
hear+宾语+do sth.听到……做了……(主动、完成)
hear+宾语+doing sth.听到……正在做……(主动、进行）
hear+ 宾语 +done 听到……被做 (被动、完成或无时间性）
I heard Alice sing an English song in the next door just now. 刚才我听见爱丽丝在隔壁唱了一首英文歌。
I heard Alice singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天我经过爱丽丝的房间时,听到她在唱一首英文歌。
I heard an English song being sung by Alice when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天我经过爱丽丝的房间时,听到她在唱一首英文歌。
3. 作使役动词的宾补
使役动词 make,have,let,get,keep,leave 等后接非谓语动词作宾补。
(1)make+宾语+done让……被做
make+宾语+do让……做
(2)have+宾语+do让……做
have+宾语+doing让……一直做
have+宾语+done使……被做
(3)keep+宾语+doing 使……一直做
keep+宾语+done 使……被做
He was so greedy that he made his workers work l2 hours a day for him.他是如此贪婪,让工人一天为他工作12 小时。
Tom had his leg broken while playing football.汤姆踢足球时腿骨折了。
4. with 复合结构
with + sb.+doing(主动、进行)
with + sb.+done(被动、完成)
with + sb.+to do(将来)
With the little boy leading the way , we had no difficulty finding the village.在小男孩的带领下,我们毫不费力地找到了那个村庄。
John received an invitation to dinner and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it.约翰收到了吃饭的邀请，因为工作做完了,他欣然接受了。
With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly elected president is having a hard time.由于有许多难题要解决,新当选的总统日子不好过。
三、作状语
1. 不定式作状语
1) 不定式作目的状语也可以构成so as to do或in order to do 的结构。但 so as to do 不可置于句首。不定式作目的状语置于句中时不可用逗号和句子隔开。
In order not to forget, Bob wrote down my number.为了不忘记,鲍勃写下了我的号码。
Her mother plans to fy to Beijing at least four times a year so as to/in order to visit her.为了看望她，她母亲计划每年至少乘飞机去北京四次
2) 不定式作结果状语。常用于以下句型:so...as to,such..as to do,…enough to do,only to do(常表示意外的结果),too...to....等。
Jane hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. 简匆匆赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。
The walls are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day. 现在墙壁冷得足以在炎热的白天给房子降温。
3) 不定式作原因状语。多用在表示喜怒哀乐的形容词后表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。
I'm more than happy to hear the news that you'll come to visit me. 我非常高兴听到你要来看我的消息，
2. 分词作状语
1) 分词作状语时,可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式和伴随状况等。为了强调,还可以与 when，while, once, if, unless 等连词连用。
Not knowing what to do , I had to wait here. 我不知道该怎么办,只好在这儿等着。
When offered help, one often says “Thank you” or “It's kind of you”.当受到帮助时,人们常说“谢谢”或“你真好”。
2) 不定式表结果时往往是意料之外的结果,而分词表结果时往往是顺理成章、自然而然的结果。
He glanced at her, noticing that though she was tiny, she seemed very well. 他瞥了她一眼,注意到她虽然很小,但看起来很好。
3) 有些分词或不定式短语作状语,构成独立结构,其形式不受上下文的影响。
常见的有：generally speaking一般说来, judging from/by 根据…来判断, considering.../taking...into consideration考虑到,compared with/to.与…相比,to tell you the truth说实话，to begin/start with首先,given...考虑到，provided/providing that 如果。
Generally speaking, if taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. 一般说来,如果按说明书服用,该药物没有副作用。
Compared with traditional cards, e-cards are more interesting and lively.与传统卡片相比,电子卡片更有趣、更生动。

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