2025届高三英语二轮复习:定语从句知识点过关素材

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2025届高三英语二轮复习:定语从句知识点过关素材

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2025届高三定语从句复习
在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。先行词:
先行词被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
关系词:
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
定语从句的关系词(关系代词和关系副词)
引导定语从句的关系代词有that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose),as 等。
引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。(关系代词在定语从句中做主语,宾语,定语。关系副词在定语从句中做状语。)
提示: 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用
1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。
I gave her all the money that I had. 我把我所有的钱都给了她。
(that 连接先特词 money和定语从句I had)
2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。
The man who lives nest door is a famous teacher.
住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。(who 替代the man)
3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。
I like picrures which are painted in the traditional Chinese style.
我喜欢传统的中国画。(which在定语从句中作主语)
关系代词的用法(充当主语、宾语、定语)
1. that
that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语. (that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which)
eg. Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.
我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2. which
which 用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语可省略。
eg. The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.
位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.
我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3. who, whom
who, whom 用于指人,who 用作主语和表语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略.
eg. The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(who 作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?
正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(whom 作宾语)
Whose
Whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中充当定语
He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个朋友,朋友的爸爸是医生。
I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
我过去住在一个屋顶塌陷的房子里。
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
whose+n.=the+n.+of+which/whom
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
门坏掉的那个教室将很快被修理。
(2) Do you like the book whose color is yellow =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow 你喜欢那本颜色是黄色的书吗?
注意:
1. 关系代词that的特殊用法
先行词指物是,可以用which,也可以用that引导,但下面情况只能用that的情况
① 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.
eg. He was the first person that passed the exam.
他是第一个通过考试的人。
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用关系代词who。
② 被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.
eg. Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用关系代词who。
③ 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which。
eg. This is the same bike that I lost.
这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
注意: 当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用关系代词who。
eg. Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.
王华是我们学校唯一将会出席这个会议的人。
④ 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that.
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
⑤ 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.
eg. Who is the girl that is crying?
正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
⑥ 主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.
eg. There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
2. 关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
①先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.
eg. What’s that which is under the desk?
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
②关系代词前有介词时,用which,而不用that.
eg.This is the room in which he lives.
这是他居住的房间。
③引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.
eg. Tom came back, which made us happy.
汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
关系副词的用法(充当状语)
1. when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。( 介词+which可以代替when)
eg.This was the time when he arrived.
这是他到达的时间。(when=at which)
2. where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。( 介词+which可以代替where)
eg.This is the place where he works.
这是他工作的地点。(where=at /in which)
3. why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。(for which)
eg.Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。(why=for which)
【知识拓展】
当先行词为situation,case, stage, point等,且关系词在定语从句中作状语时,也要用关系副词where引导。如:They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
先行词是表示时间的名词, time, hour, day, year, moment, occasion 时刻,age年代,period阶段, stage时期,interval 间隙等词 且关系词在定语从句中作状语时,也要用关系副词when引导
辨析:
I still remember the day when I first went to the Great Wall.
I’ll never forget the days (which/ that) we spent in the small village.
【温馨提示】若时间名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语,则改用which或that引导。
不能看到先行词是时间,就填when,注意分析句子成分。
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
我十年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。
The park which/ that attracts the most visitors will be closed.
吸引参观者最多的那个公园将要关闭了。
【温馨提示】若地点名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语,则改用which或that引导。
不能看到先行词是地点,就填where,注意分析句子成分。
Can you explain the reason why you don’t want to help him
你能解释一下你不想帮助他的理由吗?
The reason (which/ that) he explain at the meeting was not sound.
他在会议上解释的原因并不充分。
【温馨提示】reason后的定语从句的关系词若在从句中作主语或宾语,则改用which或that引导。
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
  判断改错:
  (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
  (错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
  (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
  (对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
当先行词是人时,用介词 + whom 引导定语从句:
当先行词是物时,用介词 + which引导定语从句:
当关系词在从句中作定语时,用介词+whose引导定语从句:
名/代/数词/形容词最高级 + 介词 + 关系词
在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,关系代词只能用which或whom。先行词指物时,用which;先行词指人时,用whom。在这个结构中,介词的使用原则是:
根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯
on which I spent 10 yuan.
This is the book 这就是我花10元钱买的书。
for which I paid 10 yuan.
根据先行词的搭配习惯
I still remember the day on which I first came to this school.
我仍然记得我第一次来这所学校的那一天。
表“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时,用of
The old woman has two sons, both of whom are doctors.
这位老太太有两个儿子,两个儿子都是医生。
定语从句的分类
1. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。
eg. Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。
2. 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
eg. The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的.
注意:非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词 that。
1. as
① 引导限定性定语从句时,指与先行词相似的人或物,必须用于 such/so...as...或 the same...as...结构中。
eg. Such people as were mentioned by him were honest.
被他提到的这样的人是诚实的。
Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.
上学期我们数学老师出了一道我们没有一个人会的数学题。
This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.
这是和我昨天买的包一样的包。
比较:
在the same as结构中,as也可用that代替。但严格地说,the same as强调相同,the same that注重同一。
She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.
她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的衣裙。(as指的是与先行词相似的同类事物)
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding.
她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。(that指的是与先行词同一事物)
② 在非限制性定语从句中,as可代表主句整个句子,引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后,一般用逗号与主句分开。
As everyone knows, Taiwan belongs to China.
众所周知,台湾属于中国的领土。
He is from the outh, as we can know from his accent.
他是南方人,这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。
② 引导非限定性定语从句时,只能修饰句子,可置于被修饰句子后面、前面或主谓之间,翻译成“正如...那样”
eg. The earth moves around the sun, as we all know.
As we all know, The earth moves around the sun.
The earth, as we all know, moves around the sun
必背:
一些由as引导的定语从句常位于句首,已形成了固定的说法。
as is known to all 这是众所周知的
as has been said before 如前所说
as is often the case 情况常常如此
as may be imagined 这可以想象得出
as has been pointed out 正如已经指出的那样
as often happens 这种情况常常发生
③ 在非限制性定语从句中,which和as引导定语从句时的区别:
a. which引导的从句不能放在主句前,而as引导的从句则既可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后,还可以放在主谓之间。
b. as和which都可以指代一个句子,但as有“正如”、“就像”之意,which则没有此含义。
c. as 引导的非限定定语从句只能修饰句子,which 引导的非限定性定语从句可以修饰句子,也可以修饰名词。
【温馨提示】在非限制性定语从句中需要注意的问题:1. 关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
2. 关系代词代词不能省略。如:I want to buy a dictionary, which is valuable to my learning.(which不能省略)
3. Which引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词可以是一个词语也可以是个句子。如:He was late again, which made the teacher very unhappy.他又迟到了,这使得老师很不开心。
特别注意:
1. 当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,whom, that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。
eg. This is the house in which we lived last year.
这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.
请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。
(固定短语中的介词一般不能拆开,仍放在动词之后。look for / look after /take care of / put on / take off…)
eg. This is the person whom you are looking for.
这就是你要找的那个人。
3.当 way 作先行词
当先行词为表示方式的way, 且在从句中作状语时,应该用 that / in which / 不填。
4.先行词是time,若time作“次数”讲时,应用关系代词that引导定语从句,that可省略;若作“一段时间” 讲且作状语时,应用关系副词when或者at/during+which引导定语从句。

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