资源简介 外研版必修第一册全册各单元知识点汇总Unit 1 A new start - 1 -Unit 2 Exploring English - 15 -Unit 3 Family matters - 29 -Unit 4 Friends forever - 44 -Unit 5 Into the wild - 57 -unit 6 At one with nature - 65 -Unit 1 A new start重点单词1.picture vt.想象;描写2.over and over again反复地3.wake up醒来 wake的过去式为woke,过去分词为woken,现在分词为waking。4.rush vt.冲;匆忙行事 rush out of冲出5.eagerness n.热切,渴望 with eagerness热切地in one's eagerness to do sth.渴望做某事 eager adj.渴望的6.decide to do sth.决定做某事7.explore v.考察,探险 exploration n.探索,探险,勘探8.noticeboard n.告示牌,布告板9.turn around/round 转身10.white haired adj.白发苍苍的11.wonder v. 想知道;非常惊讶n.惊奇12.find out查明,弄清;发现13.step v.踩,踏n.步,脚步;步骤 step into 走进……14.one by one依次地,一个接一个地15.introduce sb.to...把某人介绍给…… an introduction to...对……的介绍16.turn on打开,启动 [反义] turn off 关掉17.engine n.发动机,引擎18.insect n.昆虫,虫19.collection n.收藏品,收集物 collect v.收集;募捐20.organise v.组织;安排 organised adj.有组织的,有条理的organisation n.组织,团体21.nudge n.(通常用肘)轻推,轻触 give sb.a nudge轻推了一下某人22.turn n.(依次轮到的)机会 It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。23.have/get/with butterflies( in one's stomach)情绪紧张,心里发慌24.breathe v.呼吸 breath n.呼吸的空气25.panic n.惊恐,惊慌 in panic 惊慌地26.pay attention (to)专心,注意27.relaxed adj.放松的;自在的 relaxing adj.令人放松的28.well done 做得好(常用来夸某人某事做得好)29.challenge n.挑战 challenging adj.挑战性的30.pressure n.压力 put sb.under pressure使某人处于压力下31.depend on取决于;依靠32.calm adj.镇静的,沉着的 keep calm保持镇静33.prepared adj.准备好 prepare v.准备 prepare for...为……做准备[比较] be prepared 做好准备的be preparing 正在做准备preparation n.准备make preparations for...为……做准备34.make the most of 充分利用(=make the best of= make full use of)35.Well begun,half done.[谚语]好的开始是成功的一半。Words And Phrases知识要点1 debate n.辩论,争论,讨论vt. & vi.辩论,讨论(教材原句P6) Join the debate club! 加入辩论俱乐部![例1] After years of heated debate,gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park.经过多年的激烈辩论,灰狼重新回到黄石国家公园。[例2] The proposal under debate was put forward by the chairman.那个正在讨论中的提议是由主席提出来的。[翻译] 他和我们的数学老师讨论了这个问题的解法。He debated with our maths teacher about the solution to the problem.[知识拓展](1)under debate 正在讨论中a heated/lively debate (on/about/over sth.) 一场(关于某事的)激烈的/热烈的争论(2)debate( with sb.)about/on/over sth. (与某人)辩论/讨论某事debate + 特殊疑问句/whether +to do讨论……debate +that讨论……知识要点2 argue vi.争论,争辩,争吵vt.& vi.论证,说理,争辩(教材原句P6) Argue about the week's hottest topics with the school's sharpest minds!与学校里头脑最敏锐的人争论本周最热门的话题![例1] They argued with each other about the best place for a holiday.他们就度假的最佳去处互相争论起来。[例2] I argued for the plan while my elder sister argued against it.我赞成这个计划,而我的姐姐反对它。[翻译] 我们努力说服他不要踏上如此危险的旅程。We tried to argue him out of going on such a dangerous journey.[知识拓展](1)argue with sb.about/ over sth. 就某事与某人争吵/争论(2)argue that... 主张,认为……argue for/against(doing) sth. 据理力争/反对(做)某事argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事知识要点3 apply vi.申请vt.应用,使用;努力学习,勤奋工作vi.适用,适合(教材原句P7) After school activities also play a part when students apply to college.课外活动也在学生申请大学时发挥作用。[例1] Before you travel to a foreign country,you should apply for a passport.在去国外旅游之前,你应该先申请护照。[例2] I've applied to become a volunteer at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games.我已申请在北京2022 年冬奥会上做一名志愿者。[翻译] 这项新技术已被应用于农业,将有助于提高农业生产。The new technology has been applied to farming,which will help increase agricultural production.[知识拓展](1)apply (to...) for...(向……) 申请……apply to do sth. 申请做某事(2)be applied to 应用于apply sth.to... 把某物应用于……(to为介词)apply to... 适用于……(3)application n. 申请,申请书;应用applicant n. 申请人知识要点4 take up占用(时间),占据(空间);拿起;开始从事;学着做,开始做;继续,接下去(教材原句P7) However,they can take up a lot of time,so students have to learn to organise their busy schedules.然而,它们会占用很多时间,所以学生要学会安排他们忙碌的日程表。[例1] Writing the paper took up most of the weekend.写那篇论文占用了周末的大部分时间。[例2] He takes up a pen and writes down his name.他拿起笔写下了自己的名字。[例3] When she graduated,she took up journalism.她毕业后从事新闻业。[翻译] 让我们从昨天停下的地方继续学习这篇课文。Let's take up the text where we stopped yesterday.[知识拓展]take in 吸入;欺骗;理解take on 呈现;雇用;承担take off 脱下;起飞take over 接管,接替知识要点5 view n.[C](一次)观看;景色,风景;(个人的)意见,看法,见解,态度[U]观看,视野,视域,视线[例1] His post on the Internet received thousands of views.他发布在因特网上的帖子得到了成千上万次的浏览。[例2] While climbing the mountain,we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.爬山时,我们沐浴着温暖的阳光,欣赏着美丽的风景。[翻译] 站在这座楼的楼顶,你会看清这个城市。Stand on the top of the building,and you will have a good view of the city.[知识拓展](1)in view 在视线的范围内;在考虑之中out of view 不在视野中come into view 出现在视野中have/get a good/bad view of... 看得清/看不清……(2)in one's view= in one's opinion 在某人看来in view of... 鉴于,考虑到,由于point of view 观点,看法知识要点6 graduate v.获得学位(尤指学士),大学毕业n.大学毕业生;毕业生(教材原句P9) Lisa graduated from our school last June and is about to go to college in New York.丽莎去年六月份从我校毕业,即将步入纽约的大学。[例1] He graduated from an American college last year and graduated in History.去年他毕业于一所美国大学的历史专业。[例2] My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master's degree in English.我女儿是大学毕业生,正在攻读英语硕士学位。[翻译] 我的儿子希望在大学攻读法律毕业成为一名律师。My son hopes to graduate in law so as to become a lawyer.[知识拓展](1)graduate from 毕业于……学校graduate in 毕业于……专业(2)graduation n. [U]毕业;毕业典礼知识要点7 (教材原句P9) I was frightened at the sight of the test paper.一看到试卷我就害怕。(1)frightened adj.受惊的,害怕的[例1] I'm frightened of walking home alone in the dark.我害怕在黑暗中独自走路回家。[例2] I'm frightened to speak in public.我害怕在公开场合讲话。[翻译] 当听说有人被老虎伤害了的时候,她差点被吓死。She was nearly frightened to death when hearing the news that someone was hurt by a tiger.[知识拓展](1)be frightened of doing sth. 害怕做某事(表示习惯)be frightened to do sth. 不敢去做某事be frightened to death 吓得要死be frightened that... 害怕……(2)frighten vt. 使惊恐;使惊吓frighten sb./sth.away 把……吓跑frightening adj. 令人害怕的(2)sight n.[U]看见;视力;视力范围,视野[C]看见(或看得见)的事物,景象,情景[ pl.]风景,名胜[例1] I have been known to faint at the sight of blood.大家都知道,我看到血就会晕倒。[例2] As the plane came down through the clouds,green fields and white houses came into sight.当飞机穿过云层下降时,绿色的田野和白色的房屋映入了眼帘。[翻译] 乍一看,那块表没什么特别之处,但实际上它是一部手机。At first sight,there is nothing special about the watch,but in fact it is a mobile phone.[知识拓展]at the sight of 看见……时at first sight 初次看到时;乍一看catch sight of 看到……come into sight 进入视野;映入眼帘in/within sight 在视野内;看得见out of sight 在看不见的地方;消失lose sight of 看不见知识要点8 figure v.(经过考虑后)认为,以为n.体形;数字;人物;人影(教材原句P9) But then I figured I'd better just go all out and see what happens.不过我想,我最好全力以赴,等着看结果如何。[例1] We're told the figure could reach 100,000 next year.我们被告知这个数字明年会达到十万。[例2] I'm dieting to keep my figure.我正在节食以保持身材。[翻译] 我想不出他指的是什么。I cannot figure out what he was referring to.[知识拓展]figure out 想出,理解keep one's figure 保持体形key figure 关键人物知识要点9 particular adj.特定的,特指的;讲究的,挑剔的(教材原句P9) Is there anything else in particular that you'd like to share with us 你还有什么特别想要跟我们分享的吗?[例1] I noticed her eyes in particular,because the colour of them was so unusual.我尤其注意到她的眼睛,因为它们的颜色很特别。[例2] She's very particular about what she wears.她对穿着很讲究。[翻译] 四个季节我都喜欢,尤其喜欢春季。I like all the four seasons,particularly spring.=I like all the four seasons,spring in particular.[知识拓展]in particular 尤其,特别be particular about 对……讲究particularly adv. 特别;尤其Sentence Patterns重点句式1 as if似乎,好像(教材原句P9) I feel as if high school was only yesterday!我感觉高中(生活)仿佛就在昨天!句式分析:as if引导表语从句时,常置于系动词look,seem,feel,sound 等之后。[例1] This time it looks as if we're really going to get somewhere.这一次,我们似乎真的要取得进展了。[例2] It seemed as if he didn't care about everything around him.看起来他好像不在乎周围的一切。[造句] 当脂肪和盐从食物中去掉时,食物尝起来就好像少了点什么似的。When fat and salt are removed from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.[知识拓展](1)as if引导方式状语从句,用来修饰主句的谓语。(2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极不可能发生或存在的情况时,从句用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反时,从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were);与过去事实相反时,从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done);与将来事实相反时,从句谓语动词用would/could/might +do。[翻译] 他表现得像个专家。①He acts as if he were an expert.②他们谈起话来就像多年的老朋友。They talked as if they had been friends for years.[即学即练] 单句语法填空①It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done (do) it.②They did what they could to help me as if I were (be) their own family.重点句式2 if so如果这样的话(教材原句P9) If so,how did you deal with them 如果这样的话,你是怎样应对它们的?句式分析:该句是主从复合句。If so是省略结构的条件状语从句,其完整形式是:If it is so。[例] If so,I'll go with you to the concert.如果这样的话,我会和你一起去参加音乐会。[知识拓展]if necessary 如果必要的话if convenient 如果方便的话if possible 如果可能的话if not 如果不的话if any 如果有的话if ever 如果曾经有过的话[翻译] ①如果我在这儿能找到这本书,那就太棒了;但是如果找不到,我会买本新的。If I can find the book here,it will be great,but if not,I will buy a new one.②如果有必要,我明天就来。If necessary,I'll come tomorrow.Words And Phrases知识要点1 eagerness n.热切,渴望(教材原句P2) I woke up early and rushed out of the door in my eagerness to get to know my new school.我早早醒来,怀着想了解新学校的急切心情冲出家门。[例1] My eagerness to study in a famous university has been keeping me working hard.我想上一所名牌大学的渴望一直激励着我刻苦学习。[例2] Carl pushed ahead in his eagerness to get a free ticket to the show.卡尔因急于得到一张免费的门票而往前挤。[翻译] 学生们正热切地盼望着暑假的到来。The students are looking forward to the summer vacation with eagerness.[知识拓展](1)with eagerness 热切地in one's eagerness to do... 渴望做……,急于要做……(2)eager adj. 热切的,渴求的,渴望的be eager for 急于得到……be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事be eager for sb.to do sth. 渴望某人做某事(3)eagerly adv. 热切地知识要点2 impression n.印象,感想(教材原句P3) What could I say to make a good first impression 我应该说什么才能留下良好的第一印象呢?[例1] What was your first impression of Beijing 你对北京的第一印象是什么?[例2] The new teacher left/made a good impression on the students.这位新老师给学生们留下了一个好印象。[翻译] 对不起,我误以为你是经理呢。I'm sorry,I was under the impression that you were the manager.[知识拓展](1)leave/make a(n) ...impression on sb. 给某人留下……的印象(be) under the impression that 以为……,(通常指)误认为……(2)impress v. 给……留下深刻的好印象;使意识到;使铭记be impressed with/by... 对……印象深刻impress sth.on sb. 使某人牢记某事impress sth.on one's mind/memory 使某人牢记某事(3)impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的;令人惊叹的知识要点3 breathe v.呼吸(教材原句P3) With butterflies in my stomach,I breathed deeply.我感到极度紧张,做了一个深呼吸。[例1] He breathed deeply before speaking again.他深深地吸了一口气,然后继续说下去。[例2] I opened the window to breathe in some fresh air.我打开窗户呼吸一些新鲜空气。[知识拓展](1)breathe in 吸气breathe out 呼气(2)breath n. 呼吸的空气;一次吸入的空气take a deep breath 深呼吸out of breath 喘不过气hold one's breath 屏住呼吸;屏息以待知识要点4 panic(panicked,panicked,panicking)n.惊恐,惊慌vi.&vt.(使)惊慌(教材原句P3) Everyone started laughing.I looked at them in panic.所有人都开始笑,我惊慌失措地看着他们。[例1] When he heard the terrible words,he panicked and ran away quickly.当他听到这些可怕的话时,他惊慌失措,迅速逃跑了。[例2] “Tommy,run! Be quick! The house is on fire!”The mother shouted in panic.“汤米,快跑!快点儿!房子失火了!”妈妈恐慌地叫喊着。[翻译] 当她以为自己把票弄丢了的时候,她十分惊慌。She got into a real panic when she thought she had lost the tickets.[知识拓展]get into a panic 陷入惊慌in panic 惊慌地知识要点5 (教材原句P3) Challenges like this might sometimes put you under pressure.类似这样的挑战或许有时会让你们有压力。(1)challenge n.挑战;挑战书vt.向……挑战;对……表示怀疑[例1] The present world is full of challenges as well as opportunities.当今社会充满了机遇与挑战。[例2] When you face a challenge,you must believe you can overcome it and never give up.当你面临挑战的时候,你必须坚信你能克服它,而且决不放弃。[翻译] 玛丽向我挑战,要我跟她再打一场网球。Mary challenged me to play another tennis game.[知识拓展](1)face a challenge 面临挑战take up/accept a challenge 接受挑战meet a challenge 迎接挑战(2)challenge sb.to sth. 向某人挑战某事challenge sb.to do sth. 向某人挑战做某事(3)challenger n. 挑战者challenging adj. 挑战性的(2)pressure n.[ U]心理压力,紧张;催促,强迫;[C,U]压力,压强[例1] He does not like to work under pressure.他不愿做有压力的工作。[例2] Her health becomes poor under the pressure of work.工作的压力使她的身体变差了。[翻译] 你应该记住,即使最好的学生有时也会犯错误,所以不要给自己施加太大的压力。You should remember that even the best student can make mistakes sometimes.So don't put too much pressure on yourself.[知识拓展](1)under pressure 在压力下under the pressure of... 在……的压力下put/bring pressure on sb.(=put sb.under pressure) 给某人施加压力blood pressure 血压(2)press vi. & vt.按,压(使启动);挤,推,施加压力n.报刊;新闻界知识要点6 depend on取决于,由……决定;依靠,信赖;指望;需要(教材原句P3) But it all depends on what you do.不过一切都取决于你们如何去做。[例1] How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age.你需要多少睡眠很大程度上取决于你的年龄。[例2] You can't depend on them to do it.你不能指望他们做这件事。[翻译] 我能相信这事不会再发生吗?Can I depend on it that this won't take place again [知识拓展](1)depend on sb.to do sth.=depend on sb./sb.'s doing sth. 依靠/指望某人做某事depend on it that... 相信/指望……(it为形式宾语)(2)It/That(all) depends. 那得看情况(而定)。(交际用语)知识要点7 calm adj.镇静的,沉着的;(天气)无风的;(海洋)风平浪静的;vt.& vi. (使)平静,(使)镇静(教材原句P3) Keep calm and be prepared.保持镇定,做好准备。[例1] The sky is blue,and the sea is calm.天空湛蓝,海上风平浪静。[例2] He can always keep calm whatever happens.不论发生什么事情,他总能保持镇静。[翻译] 我平静下来后,足球踢得好多了。After I calmed down,I played football better.[知识拓展](1)keep/stay/remain calm 保持镇静(2)calm...down 使……平静(或安静、镇静)calm down 平静,安静,镇静[词义辨析] calm,quiet,still,silentcalm “平静的,镇静的”,指天气“无风”,指海洋“风平浪静”;指人的情绪镇静、平静。quiet “平静的,安静的”,指没有吵闹声、噪音或内心不烦躁。still “静止的”,指人时侧重某人一动不动地保持一种姿势;指物时表示静止不动。silent “沉默的,不说话的,无声的”,指人时强调沉默不语,指环境时表示不喧闹的,无声的。Sentence Patterns重点句式1 Sb.was doing sth.when...(教材原句P2) I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me.我正看着布告栏里的照片,这时我听到了身后的说话声。句式分析:Sb.was doing sth.when...某人正在做某事,这时(突然)……,句中when作并列连词,连接两个并列分句。[例1] He was sleeping when there was a knock at the door.他正在睡觉,这时有人敲门。[例2] I was thinking about the matter when I heard my name called.我正想着这件事,突然听到有人叫我的名字。[造句] 我们正在吃晚饭,这时一个陌生人进来了。We were having dinner when a stranger came in.[知识拓展]when作并列连词时还常用于以下句型:Sb.had just done sth.when... 某人刚做完某事,这时(突然)……Sb.was about to do sth.when... 某人正要做某事,这时(突然)……Sb.was on the point of doing sth.when...某人正要做某事,这时(突然)……[翻译] ①我刚做完试卷,这时铃声响了。I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang.②我们刚要出发,天就开始下雨了。We were about to start/were on the point of leaving when it began to rain.重点句式2 现在分词(短语)作时间状语(教材原句P2) Turning around,I saw a white haired man.我转身,看到一位白发苍苍的老人。句式分析:(1)现在分词(短语)作时间状语时,分词的逻辑主语为句子的主语;(2)现在分词(短语)作时间状语时,可以转换成时间状语从句;(3)现在分词(短语)作时间状语时,分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作一般同时或几乎同时发生。[例1] Opening the window,I saw a butterfly flying into my room.打开窗户,我看见一只蝴蝶飞进我的房间。[例2] Arriving in Paris,I lost my way.到达巴黎后,我迷路了。[造句] 在西部地区当志愿者老师时,这个女孩对种菜产生了兴趣。Working as a volunteer teacher in the West,the girl took up growing vegetables.简单句的七种基本句型英语句子按照其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句的基本形式由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。1.主谓(SV)[观察例句]The rain stopped.雨停了。The moon rose.月亮升起来了。[归纳用法]句型特点:谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思,后面不需接宾语。2.主谓状(SVA)[观察例句]The time passed quickly.时间过得很快。The old man walks in the park every morning.那个老人每天早上在公园里散步。[归纳用法]句型特点:谓语动词是不及物动词,副词、介词短语等作状语。3.主谓宾(SVO)[观察例句]We are learning English.我们正在学习英语。I don't know how to get there.我不知道怎么去那儿。[归纳用法]句型特点:谓语动词是及物动词,不能表达完整的意思,其后必须要接一个宾语,即动作的承受者。作宾语的可以是:名词、代词、动词不定式、疑问词+动词不定式、动词 ing形式和从句。4.主谓宾状(SVOA)[观察例句]I like to stay at home on Sundays.星期天我喜欢待在家里。We planted many trees in our hometown.我们在家乡种了许多树。[归纳用法]句型特点:谓语动词是及物动词,其后接宾语。副词、介词短语等作状语。5.主谓双宾语(SVIODO)[观察例句]Her mother bought her a skirt.她妈妈给她买了一条裙子。Mr Li told us an interesting story.李老师给我们讲了一个非常有趣的故事。[归纳用法]句型特点:谓语动词后接有两个宾语,这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者,其中指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时,其前通常需要加介词for或to。[名师点津]常跟双宾语的动词:①需借助于to的动词:bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write等;②需借助于for的动词:buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。6.主谓宾宾补(SVOC)[观察例句]The news made us very sad.那个消息令我们非常难过。The teacher asked us to answer the question.老师叫我们回答那个问题。My mother asked me to clean my room.妈妈让我打扫我的房间。[归纳用法]句型特点:谓语动词后虽然已接有一个宾语,但意思还不完整,必须再加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。[名师点津]用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面以使句子结构平衡,是英语常用的结构。即:“主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语”。it作形式宾语,通常和下列动词连用:consider,think,make,find,believe,feel,guess,imagine,judge,prove,see,suppose,take等。7.主系表(SVP)[观察例句]My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是个护士。I feel quite hungry.我感觉很饿。Leaves turn yellow.树叶变黄了。[归纳用法]句型特点:动词不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语的身份、特征、类属、状态等的表语。系动词除了be动词之外,还有:①表示感官的动词:feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound等;②表示状态延续的动词:remain,stay,keep,continue等;③表示转变、变化的动词:become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow等。Unit 2 Exploring English1.have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难2.ham n.火腿3.eggplant n.茄子4.pine n.松树5.pineapple n.菠萝6.sculpt v. 雕刻,雕塑 sculpture n. 雕刻品,雕像7.seasick adj. 晕船的 airsick adj. 晕机的 carsick adj. 晕车的 homesick adj.想家的8.speaking of...讲起……,说到……9.opposite n.对立的人(或物),对立面adj.相反的;对面的opposing adj.相反的;对立的 oppose vt.反对,抵制10.harmless adj.无害的,不会导致损伤的harmful adj. 有害的,导致损害的 ful是形容词后缀,表示“充满……,有……倾向的,有……性质的”,常用在名词后构成形容词。 less是形容词后缀,表示“无……的,没有……的”,常用在名词后构成形容词。11.shameless adj.无耻的,没廉耻的 shameful adj.可耻的,丢脸的12.behavior n. 举止,行为13.confusing adj.令人困惑的(修饰事物)14.capitalize vt. 把……首字母大写;为……提供运营资本15.wonder v. 感到诧异,非常想知道 n.惊讶;奇迹wonder at对……感到诧异(it's) to wonder that... ……不足为奇/并不奇怪16.unique adj.独一无二的,独特的17.madness n. 疯狂;愚蠢行为 ness是名词后缀,常用在形容词后,构成名词。18.burn up烧毁,烧尽 burn down(建筑物)(被)烧毁19.fill in填写(表格等) fill out 填写(表格等)20.alarm n.警报器;闹钟21.reflect v. 显示;反映,映出;深思22.creativity n.创造(性)的,有创造力的23.human race人类24.visible adj. 看得见的,可见的 invisible adj.看不见的否定前缀in 放在形容词前,构成其反义词,意为“不……的,非……的”。25.wind up给(机械)上发条,使(活动、会议等)结束Words And Phrases知识要点1 come across 偶然发现;偶然遇见,碰见;被理解(教材原句P17) When you open a dictionary,you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words.当你打开词典,你经常碰见许多不熟悉的单词。[例1] He spoke for a long time but his meaning did not come across.他讲了很久,但没把意思讲明白。[例2] I absent mindedly turned the pages of the phone book and came across a city map.我无意中翻开电话簿的一页,偶然发现了一张城市地图。[翻译] 今天早上我在牛津大街碰见一位老校友。I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning.[知识拓展]come about 发生come out 出版;出来come to 来到;合计,总共是;苏醒过来come to an end 结束come up with 赶上;提出come into being 形成;产生知识要点2 contact vt.联系,联络(教材原句P17) a friend that you contact by writing,traditionally using a pen一个你通过书写联系的朋友,传统上是用钢笔[例1] I contacted my uncle as soon as I went to Beijing.我一到北京就和我的叔叔联系上了。[例2] There is little contact between the two organizations.这两个机构之间没有什么联系。[翻译] 详情请与我们当地办事处联系。For further details,please contact our local office.[知识拓展]get into contact with=make contact with 与……取得联系keep in contact with... 与……保持联系lose contact with... 与……失去联系be in/out of contact with... 与……有/没有联系知识要点3 likely adj.可能的,可能发生的adv.或许,可能[例1] Snow showers are likely tomorrow.明天可能有阵雪。[例2] I'd very likely have done the same thing in your situation.我要是处在你这种情况,也有可能会那样做的。[翻译] 这条法规可能会产生什么样的影响?What are the likely effects of the law going to be [知识拓展](1)be likely to do sth. 很可能做某事It is likely that... 很可能……not likely 绝不可能,才不呢(表示强烈反对)(2)unlikely adj. 不太可能的知识要点4 remind v.提醒,使想起(教材原句P20) Here are some of our favourites,to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world!以下列出了我们最喜爱的几条,用以提醒大家,我们在课堂上学到的英语跟外部世界的英语大不相同![例1] This song reminded me of my childhood.这首歌使我想起了我的童年。[例2] He reminded me not to forget my promise.他提醒我不要忘了我的诺言。[翻译] 请提醒他明早有个重要的会议。Please remind him that there is an important meeting tomorrow morning.[知识拓展]remind sb.of sth. 提醒某人某事;使某人想起某事remind sb.(not)to do sth. 提醒某人(不要)做某事remind sb.that... 提醒某人……知识要点5 comment n.[C,U]评论,议论v.发表意见,评论(教材原句P20) 325 comments 325条评论[例1] She made helpful comments on my work.她对我的工作提出了有益的意见。[例2] Someone made a comment that working in a hospital was like fighting in a war.有人评论道,在医院里工作跟在战场上打仗似的。[翻译] 到目前为止,库克先生仍未就这些报道发表评论。So far,Mr Cook has not commented on these reports.[知识拓展]make comments/a comment on/about... 对……发表评论offer comments 提意见comment on/upon... 对……进行评论comment that.../make a comment that 评论说……知识要点6 intend v.计划,打算,想要(教材原句P22) morally wrong and intending to hurt people在道德上是错误的,并且打算伤害他人[例1] Mr White is back home now and intends to write a book about his adventure.怀特先生现在回家了,打算写一本关于他的奇遇的书。[例2] He intends his son to take over his business.他打算让他的儿子接管他的生意。[翻译] 这些房间用于小组讨论和研讨会。These rooms are intended for group discussion and seminars.[知识拓展](1)intend doing sth.../to do sth. 打算/想要做某事intend sb.to do sth. 想要某人做某事be intended for...(=be meant for) 是为……而提供/设计的(2)intention n. 意图,目的知识要点7 recognise vt.认识,辨认出;承认;公认(教材原句P24) recognise differences between American English and British English辨认出美式英语和英式英语之间的差异[例1] Jack has changed so much that I can hardly recognise him.杰克变化这么大,我几乎认不出他。[例2] We have to recognise that there are shortcomings in our work.我们不得不承认我们的工作中有缺点。[翻译] 我们认为他是一个勤奋诚实的人。We recognise him as/to be a hard working and honest person.[知识拓展](1)recognise sb./sth.as/to be 承认……是……recognise that... 承认……It is recognised that... 人们公认……(2)recognition n. 认出;认识beyond recognition 无法辨认知识要点8 base vt.以……为根据/基础;基于n.基部;基地;基础(教材原句P24) write a story based on given pictures根据给定的图片写一个故事。[例1] One should always base his opinion on facts.一个人应该始终以事实为依据发表自己的观点。[例2] In my diary,I set down a series of things that are all based on/upon facts.在我的日记里,我记下了一系列有事实根据的事情。[翻译] 以一个真实的故事为基础,这部电影非常受欢迎。Based on a true story,the film is very popular.[知识拓展](1)base...on... 以……为……的基础be based on/upon 以……为基础/依据at the base of 在……底部(2)based adj. 在……居住(或工作);基地(或总部)在……知识要点9 be/become aware of 对……知道、明白;意识到,察觉到(教材原句P24) be aware of cultural differences 意识到文化的差异[例1] In conclusion,people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage.总之,全世界的人们应该意识到水资源短缺的真实情况。[例2] As a member of society,I'm aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.作为社会的一员,我意识到有责任感是建设更好社会所需要的。[翻译] 这个计划有什么缺点,希望大家提出来。We hope that you will not hesitate to make us aware of any shortcomings which you may find in this plan.[知识拓展](1)be aware that ... 知道/体会到……as far as I'm aware 据我所知(2)awareness n. 意识;认识develop an awareness of... 培养……的意识raise awareness 提高认识Sentence Patterns重点句式1 not only...but also...不仅……而且……(教材原句P20) Not only can you post specific questions,but you can also broaden your knowledge by reading posts from other English learners around the world.你不仅能发帖问具体的问题,而且还能通过阅读世界各地学习者的帖子拓宽你的知识。句式分析:not only ...but (also) ...连接两个并列分句,且not only位于句首时,not only所在的分句需使用部分倒装。[例1] Not only does the sun give us light,but also it gives us heat.太阳给我们提供光与热。[例2] Not only do teachers pass on knowledge to children,but they also teach children how to behave themselves.老师不仅把知识传授给孩子们,而且还教孩子们如何做人。[造句] 他们不仅学习努力,而且很聪明。Not only do they study hard,but also they are clever.[知识拓展](1)not only...but...不仅……,而且……,其中but后省略了also。(2)not only ...but (also) ... 连接的两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词的人称与数遵循“就近原则”。[翻译]①英国人和美国人不但语言相同,而且有很多相同的风俗习惯。The British and the Americans not only speak the same language but (also) share a large number of social customs.②不但学生们反对这个计划,这个老师也反对。Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan.重点句式2 here引起的倒装句(教材原句P20) Here are some of our favourites,to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world!句式分析:Here are...为全部倒装结构。以here,there,in,out,up,down,away,back,now,then等副词开头的句子,如果主语是名词,常用全部倒装。[例1] Here are a few tips to help you make your first impression.这是帮你留下第一印象的一些提示。[例2] The door opened and out rushed the children.门开了,孩子们冲了出来。[造句] 我们一直盼望的时刻来了。Then came the moment we had been looking forward to.[知识拓展](1)当表示地点的介词词组位于句首时,为加强语气,常用全部倒装。(2)有时为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语,或使上下文紧密衔接时,需要全部倒装。[翻译] ①城南坐落着一座大型钢厂。South of the city lies a big steel factory.②我们用洋油的日子一去不复返了。Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.Sentence Patterns重点句式1 neither...nor...既不……也不……(教材原句P14) Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)也没有apple(苹果)。句式分析:neither...nor...既不……也不……,连接句中两个并列的句子成分,当连接并列主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则。[例1] Neither was my wife nor my parents able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.我妻子和我父母没能说服我女儿改变主意。[例2] Neither has he done it,nor will he do it.他没有做过这事,他以后也不会做这事。[造句] 理论没有实践不行,实践没有理论也不行。Neither could theory do without practice,nor could practice do without theory.[知识拓展](1)可以单独使用 neither 作主语,表示“两者中没有一个”。(2)neither 或 nor表示“一个人没有做某事,另一个人也没做同一类事”时,可用 neither 或 nor 的部分倒装句进行简略回答,其结构为:Neither / Nor+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语。[翻译]①他们俩都不喜欢足球。Neither of them likes football.②昨天他们没去公园,我们也没去。They didn't go to the park yesterday.Neither/ Nor did we.重点句式2 get sb.doing 使某人一直做或者处于某状态(教材原句P14) This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn.这让我不禁思考,英语学起来怎么会是一门疯狂的语言。句式分析:get sb.doing 使某人一直做或者处于某状态,宾语与宾补之间为主动关系,且宾补动作一直在进行。[例1] He tried to get the machine running.他尽力让机器转着。[例2] Who can get the water running 谁能让水流着?[造句] 我们一启动加热器,汽车就开始预热。Once we got the heater going,the car started to warm up.[知识拓展](1)get sb.to do sth. 使某人做某事(2)get sth.done 使某事被做[翻译] ①医生将让那位病人戒烟。The doctor will get the patient to stop smoking.②你最好去理发。You'd better go and get your hair cut.重点句式3 That/This is why...那/这就是……的原因。(教材原句P15) That is why when the stars are out,they are visible,but when the lights are out,they are invisible.那就是为什么星星出来(out)时,它们可以被看到(visible),但是当灯熄灭(out)后,它们不能被看到(invisible)。句式分析:That/This is why...意为“那/这就是……的原因”,why引导表语从句,表示结果。[例1] That's why more and more foreigners are interested in learning Chinese.那就是越来越多的外国人对学汉语感兴趣的原因。[例2] That's why I insist the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.那就是我坚持认为长江之行是更好的选择的原因。[造句] 那就是为什么鱼类喜欢浅水而不是深水的原因,因为前者更温暖些。That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer.[知识拓展](1)This/That/It is because...这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句,表示原因)(2)The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句并在从句中作状语;that引导表语从句,表示原因)[翻译]①Maybe it's because we have seldom sat down and exchanged our feelings and thoughts.那可能是因为我们很少坐下来交流思想感情。②The reason why he wasn't admitted into a key university was that his grades were too low.他没有被重点大学录取的原因是他的分数太低。构词法(Word Formation)一、 构词法的定义及分类按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫做构词法。英语构词法主要有转化法、合成法、派生法、首尾缩略法等。二、 构词法讲解(一)转化法1.概念:英语中一个词由一种词类转到另一种或几种词类而不发生词形的变化,称为转化。2.四种转化[观察典例]Let's go out for a walk.我们出去散散步吧。Women have an equal say in everything.妇女在各方面都有同等的发言权。He backed his car into the garage.他把车倒进车库。Did you book a seat on the plane 你订好飞机座位了吗?The train slowed down to half its speed.火车速度减慢了一半。We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。She was dressed in blue.她穿着蓝色衣服。The old here are living a happy life.这里的老年人过着幸福的生活。[归纳方法]四种转化:①动词转化为名词 ②名词转化为动词③形容词转化为动词 ④形容词转化为名词。(二)合成法1.概念:由两个或多个单词合成一个新词,通常前一个词修饰或限定后一个词。2.三种合成方式(1)连成一个词:butterfly蝴蝶;rainbow彩虹(2)用连字符:well known著名的;good for nothing无用之人(3)分开写:flower bed花坛;high and tight军人发型3.四类合成词(1)合成形容词[观察典例]noble minded高尚的 good tempered脾气好的good looking好看的 fine sounding动听的hard working勤劳的 far reaching深远的peace loving热爱和平的 face to face面对面的state owned国营的 heartfelt由衷的well mannered举止得体的 widespread广泛流传的large scale大规模的 high class高级的duty free免税的 lifelong终身的,毕生的[归纳方法]合成形容词的构成方式:①形容词+名词+ed ②形容词+现在分词 ③副词+现在分词 ④名词+现在分词 ⑤名词+过去分词 ⑥副词+过去分词 ⑦形容词+名词 ⑧名词+形容词 ⑨名词+介词+名词(2)合成名词[观察典例]silkworm蚕 bloodtest验血double dealer两面派 shorthand速记waiting room候车室 sleeping pills安眠药pickpocket扒手 high school中学handwriting书法 wedding dress婚纱get together联欢会 hide and seek捉迷藏游戏downfall垮台 sit down坐下休息[归纳方法]合成名词的构成方式 :①名词+名词 ②形容词+名词③动名词+名词 ④动词+名词 ⑤名词+动名词 ⑥动词+连词+动词 ⑦副词+动词 ⑧动词+副词(3)合成动词[观察典例]sleepwalk梦游overthrow推翻whitewash粉刷[归纳方法]合成动词的构成方式:①名词+动词②副词+动词③形容词+动词(4)合成副词everywhere到处however无论如何forever永远downstairs在楼下[归纳方法]合成副词的构成方式:①形容词+副词 ②副词+副词③介词+副词 ④介词+名词(三) 派生法1.概念:在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。2.前缀(1) 表示否定意义的前缀[观察典例]appear出现→disappear消失correct正确的→incorrect不正确的legal合法的→illegal非法的lead带领→mislead错误引领stop停下→non stop不停possible可能的→impossible不可能的regular规则的→irregular不规则的smoker吸烟的人→non smoker不吸烟的人usual寻常的→unusual不寻常的[归纳方法]表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis ,il ,im ,in ,ir ,mis ,non ,un 等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。(2)其他意义的前缀[观察典例]alone单独的asleep睡着的forward向前foresee预见international国际的interview会见microscope显微镜microfilm微型胶片midnight午夜mid autumn中秋的minibus微型汽车miniskirt超短裙rewrite重写return返回review复习superman超人supermarket超级商场telephone电话telescope望远镜television电视[归纳方法]表示其他意义的前缀常用的有:a 表状态;for ,fore 先,前,预;inter 间,相互;micro 微;mid 中;mini 微型的;re 重,再,复;super 上,超;tele 远距离的(3) 改变词性的前缀[观察典例]large(形容词,大的)→enlarge(动词,扩大)courage(名词,勇气)→encourage(动词,鼓励)value(名词,价值)→devalue(动词,降低……的价值)friend(名词,朋友)→befriend(动词,与……交朋友)little(形容词,小的)→belittle(动词,轻视)board(名词,甲板)→aboard(副词,在船上)side(名词,旁边)→aside(副词,在旁边)sleep(动词,睡觉)→asleep(形容词,睡着的)door(名词,门)→outdoor(形容词,户外的)[归纳方法]改变词性的前缀有:en ,de ,be ,a ,out 等。en 前缀通常加在形容词或名词前构成动词;de 前缀通常加在名词之前构成动词,其意义大多和原名词相反;be 前缀可加在名词或形容词前构成动词;a 前缀常加在名词或描述性动词之前,构成形容词或副词;out 前缀可加在名词之前构成形容词,加在动词之前构成名词。3.后缀(1) 构成名词的后缀[观察典例]Chinese中国人,汉语Japanese日本人,日语foreigner外国人teacher老师cleaner清洁工sailor水手actor演员visitor来访者artist艺术家pianist钢琴家scientist科学家importance重要performance执行absence缺勤difference区别invention发明protection保护agreement同意arrangement安排illness生病kindness善良[归纳方法]构成名词的后缀常用的有 ence, ese(表某地人或语言), er/ or/ ist(表人), ess(雌性), ian(精通……的人), ist(专业人员), ment(性质;状态), ness(性质;状态), tion(动作;过程)等。(2) 构成形容词的后缀[观察典例]nature自然→natural自然的reason道理→reasonable有道理的America美国→American美国的China中国→Chinese中国人的gold金子→golden金的east东→eastern东方的child孩子→childish孩子气的snow雪→snowy雪的[归纳方法]构成形容词的后缀常用的有 al, able (有能力的), (a)n(某国人的), en (多用于表示材料的名词后), ern (方向的), ese(某国人的), ful, (ic)al, ish, ive, less (表示否定), like (像……的), ly, ous, some, y (表示天气)等。(3) 构成副词的后缀[观察典例]angry生气的→angrily生气地to到→towards朝……,向……east东方→eastward向东[归纳方法]构成副词的常用后缀有 ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度), ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。(4)构成动词的后缀[观察典例]wide宽的→widen加宽beauty美人,美好→beautify美化pure纯的→purify提纯real真的→realize意识到organ器官→organize组织[归纳方法]构成动词的后缀常用的有 en (用于形容词之后), fy (使……化), ize (使……成为)。(四)缩略法[观察典例]Labour→Lab.(英国)工党November→Nov.十一月[归纳方法]上述缩略词是靠截去词的尾部构成的。[观察典例]television→TV电视postscript→PS附言,又及[归纳方法]上述缩略词是靠保留前缀及词根的首字母构成的。[观察典例]mister→Mr 先生doctor→ Dr 医生;博士[归纳方法]上述缩略词是靠保留单词的首尾字母构成的。[观察典例]Member of Parliament→MP议员Very Important Person→VIP要人;大人物information technology→IT信息技术Internet Service Provider→ISP 互联网服务供应商[归纳方法]上述缩略词是用单词的首字母构成的,并且按字母分别读音,虚词省略。[观察典例]Test of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL 托福考试computer assisted learning→CAL 计算机辅助学习United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization→UNESCO 联合国教科文组织[归纳方法]上述缩略词是用单词的首字母构成的,并且按单词读音。Unit 3 Family matters1.play chess下国际象棋2.nervously adv.焦急地;易紧张焦虑地3.approach v.走近,靠近4.turn to...向……求助(或寻求指教等)5.chat n.闲谈,聊天6.Here it is.[口语]此处意为“事情是这样的”。7. focus v.(把……)集中(于)8.career n.职业,事业9.raise one's voice (因愤怒等)提高嗓门说话10.in surprise吃惊地11.lawyer n. 律师12.assume n.假定,假设,认为13.respect v.尊敬,敬重14.studio n. (音乐)录音室,演播室15.court n. 法院,法庭16.calm down (使)平静,(使)镇定17.ignore v.忽视,不理 ignorance n.无知18.daydream v.做白日梦,幻想19.easy在此意为“不要生气,别急”。20.professional adj.职业的,专业的21.football在英式英语中指足球,在美式英语中指橄榄球。22.in the end最后23.advise vt. 建议,劝告advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事advise doing sth.建议做某事advice n.建议(不可数名词)24.suit v. 适合 suitable adj.合适的25.talent n. 天赋,才能26.be proud of以……为自豪27.Why don't you...?(提建议)为什么不……?28.take one's advice接受/听从某人的建议29.jump in with both feet踊跃参加30.option n.选择,可选择的东西 optional adj.可选择的31.with a sigh n.& v. 叹气,叹息(尤因厌烦,失望,疲倦等)32.curtain n. (舞台上的)幕;窗帘Words And Phrases知识要点1 aim v.力求达到;瞄准;对准;旨在n.目标,目的(教材原句P31) It aims to deepen people's understanding of issues that are related to families.其旨在加深人们对家庭相关事情的理解。[例1] He went to Shanghai with the aim of finding a job.他去上海的目的是找工作。[例2] The project aims to educate and prepare students for a challenging career.这个项目旨在教育学生使其为一个具有挑战性的职业做好准备。[翻译] 开火之前仔细瞄准目标。Take careful aim before firing.[知识拓展](1)take aim at sth. 瞄准……;对准……with the aim of... 目的是……(2)aim at/be aimed at (doing) sth. 瞄准,对准;旨在(做)某事aim to do sth. 目标是做某事(3)aimless adj. 无目标的;无计划的aimlessly adv. 漫无目的地知识要点2 (教材原句P31) With a different theme each year,the day is observed with a wide range of events that are organised at local,national and international levels.一年一个主题,人们举行很多当地的、全国性的乃至国际标准的活动来庆祝这一天。(1)observe v.庆祝,过(节日、生日等);观察;注意到;遵守[例1] Thanksgiving Day is observed as a general holiday by the American people.感恩节是美国人普遍庆祝的节日。[例2] The teacher stood at the corner,observing the behaviour of every student.老师站在角落里观察每个学生的行为。[翻译] 你出国时应该遵守当地的风俗习惯。You should observe the local custom when you go abroad.[知识拓展]observe sb.do sth. 观察某人做某事(全过程)observe sb.doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事[名师点津] 和observe类似,后面可接动词原形、现在分词或过去分词作宾补的感官动词(短语)有:一感觉feel;二听listen to,hear;三使let,make,have;五看look at,see,watch,notice,observe。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①She observed a man walking (walk) on the opposite side of the way.②They were observed to enter (enter) the blank.(2)range n.一系列;范围;射程;山脉vi.变化[例1] Reading should be a pleasure,so the texts should be within your range.阅读是一种乐趣,其内容应该在你的能力范围之内。[例2] It is one of the most difficult peaks to climb in the whole range.在整个山脉中,这是最难攀登的山峰之一。[翻译] 我们等着敌人进入我们的射程。We waited until the enemy within range.[知识拓展]a wide range of 一系列的;大范围的beyond/out of range 超出……的范围range from...to... 在……和……之间变化知识要点3 apologise v.道歉(教材原句P31) Later,on the phone she apologised and explained that she was busy with work because someone was off sick.后来,她在电话里道歉并解释说,她工作很忙是因为有人请了病假。[例1] If you're late,you should apologise.如果你迟到了,你应该道歉。[例2] I apologised for losing my temper.我道歉我不应该发脾气。[翻译] 非常对不起,我真心道歉。I'm so sorry,I do apologise.[知识拓展](1)apologise vi. 道歉apologise for sth. 因某事道歉apologise to sb.for (doing) sth. 因(做了)某事向某人道歉(2)apology n. 道歉,谢罪accept/refuse an apology 接受/拒绝道歉demand an apology 要求道歉make/offer an apology to sb.for (doing) sth.= offer/give sb.an apology for (doing) sth.因(做)某事而向某人道歉知识要点4 admire v.钦佩,赞美,羡慕[例1] My deskmate admires my fluent English very much and I usually feel encouraged by his compliments.同桌非常羡慕我流利的英语,我经常被他的赞美所鼓舞。[例2] When I was young,I admired clever people.Now that I am old,I admire kind people.少时喜欢聪明人,老来喜欢仁厚人。[造句] 中国和日本都有中秋节,这时人们会赏月。在中国,人们还品尝月饼。Both China and Japan have Mid Autumn Festivals,when people admire the moon and in China,enjoy mooncakes.[知识拓展](1)admire sb.for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而钦佩某人(2)admiration n. 钦佩;羡慕with/in admiration 钦佩地(3)admirable adj. 可钦佩的;值得赞赏的;令人羡慕知识要点5 judge v.认为,判断n.裁判员;法官[例1] When we play table tennis,we should judge the direction of the ball,and hit it back with great strength.打乒乓球时,我们需要判断球的方向,并用力把它打回去。[例2] I am in no position to judge whether what she is doing is right or wrong.我无权评判她在做的事是对还是错。[造句] 我认为他四十岁左右。I judged him to be about forty.[知识拓展](1)judge sb./sth.by/from 通过……判断……as far as I can judge 据我判断(2)judging from/by... 从……来看;根据……判断知识要点6 settle v.使定居;平静;安定;解决;和解,结束(争论);安家;定居;停留[例1] With the problem settled,he went home happily.问题解决了,他高兴地回家了。[例2] Many Jewish people settled in the Lower East Side.许多犹太人在下东区定居。[造句] 孩子们静下来后,布朗小姐给他们发新的故事书。When the children had settled,Miss Brown gave out the new reading books.[知识拓展](1)settle for 勉强接受,将就settle in/into 安顿下来;习惯于;适应settle down (使)安定;定居settle down to sth. 着手认真做某事(2)settlement n. 解决;定居settler n. 移居者;殖民者知识要点7 detail n.细节,细微之处vt.详述,详细说明(教材原句P32) Features are written in an individual style,with extra detail and background.特写是用一种独特的风格写的,带有额外的细节和背景。[例1] Dad planned our vacation down to the smallest detail.爸爸把我们度假的事情安排得极为细致周到。[例2] The brochure details all the hotels in the area and their facilities.这本小册子详细介绍了这个地区所有的旅馆及其设施。[造句] 今天的报纸详细报道了这起谋杀案。Today's newspaper gives all the details of the murder.[知识拓展](1)in detail 详细地go into detail(s) 详述for further details 欲知详情(2)detailed adj. 详细的;详尽的知识要点8 contain vt.包含,含有;容纳(教材原句P32) The middle part contains the “meat” of the story,with the ending being a summary,a powerful quote or even a surprise for the reader.中间部分是故事的“肉”,结尾是一个总结,一句有力的引言,甚至是给读者的一个惊喜。[例1] This book contains all the information you need.这本书包含你所需的一切信息。[例2] The hall can contain 3,000 people.这个大厅能容纳3 000人。[造句] 听到这个消息,我抑制不住我的兴奋。When I heard the news,I could not contain my excitement.[知识拓展](1)contain“包含,含有”,侧重于“整体内有”,指在某一范围或容器内能容纳某物,不用于进行时态。(2)include“包括”,侧重于被包含者只是整体中的一部分。include 常以including(名词/代词前)或included(名词/代词后)的形式出现。知识要点9 in the lead 领先(教材原句P32) With just 700 metres to go,Alistair Brownlee was in third place and his younger brother,Jonny,was in the lead.离终点只有700米了,阿利斯泰尔·布朗利名列第三,他的弟弟约翰尼领先。[例1] At first,we were in the lead throughout,but they gradually caught up with us.本来我们一直领先,可是后来他们慢慢赶上来了。[例2] She was in the lead during the race.她在赛跑中领先。[造句] 尽管疼痛难忍,这位运动员还是在整个比赛中处于领先地位,最终赢得了金牌。Despite the pain,the athlete was in the lead throughout the entire race,and finally won the gold medal.[知识拓展](1)take the lead(in doing sth.) 带头(做某事)play the lead 演主角(2)lead to 导致;造成(后果);通向lead sb.to do sth. 使某人做某事lead/live a(n) ...life 过……样的生活lead the way 引路;带路Sentence Patterns重点句式1 过去分词(短语)作状语(教材原句P33) Watched by millions,the ending to the race has divided opinions:should the brothers have been disqualified or highly praised for their actions 这场比赛有百万观众收看,人们对比赛结果存在分歧:是应该取消兄弟俩的比赛资格,还是对他们的举动大加赞扬?句式分析:过去分词(短语)作状语时可以表示让步、条件、方式、原因、时间、伴随,表示方式或伴随时一般可转换为并列分句,其他情况下通常可转换为相应的状语从句。[例1] Given a few minutes,I'll finish it.再给几分钟,我就会完成它。[例2] Asked about the matter,she kept silent.当被问及那件事时,她保持沉默了。[造句] 由于被这个故事深深地感动,孩子们哭了起来。Deeply moved by the story,the children cried.[知识拓展]过去分词作状语时,构成分词的动词与分词的逻辑主语之间为动宾关系,且过去分词的逻辑主语为句子的主语。[翻译] ①尽管被许多人嘲笑,他还是继续他的研究。Laughed at by many people,he continued his study.②那位女士回家了,福尔摩斯先生跟在她后面。The lady returned home,followed by Mr.Holmes.重点句式2 be+adj.+动词不定式(教材原句P33) But for Alistair,his decision was easy to explain:“Mum wouldn't have been happy if I'd left Jonny behind.”但对阿利斯泰尔来说,他的决定很容易解释:“如果我把约翰尼落下,妈妈是不会高兴的。”句式分析:该句型是“主语+be+adj.+不定式”结构,其中his decision和及物动词explain构成动宾关系。在该句型中常常使用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。常用于该句型的形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词,如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,comfortable等。[例1] This machine is very easy to operate.这台机器很容易操作。[例2] The piece of music is pleasant to hear.这首乐曲听起来很悦耳。[造句] 早上的新鲜空气呼吸起来真好。The morning air is so good to breathe.[知识拓展](1)在上面结构中,动词不定式和主语在逻辑上是动宾关系;当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时,要加适当的介词。(2)不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语。[翻译] ①他很容易相处。He's easy to get along with.②这个长句对你来说很难记。The long sentence is difficult for you to remember.Words And Phrases知识要点1 approach vt.& vi.靠近,接近,走近;临近n. [U](在距离或时间上的)靠近,接近;[C]方式,方法;路径,道路。(教材原句P27) nervously approaching the table紧张地靠近桌子[例1] Walk softly as you approach the bed because the baby is sleeping.当你靠近床时,步子轻些,因为这个婴儿正在睡觉。[例2] Winter is approaching,so many animals are storing food.冬季就要来临,所以许多动物在储存食物。[翻译] 考试的临近使得她非常紧张。The approach of the exam makes her very nervous.[知识拓展]an approach to 通往……的道路;……的方法(注意to为介词)with the approach of... 随着……的来临/临近at the approach of 在……临近的时候知识要点2 focus vi. & vt.把……集中于n.焦点;关注(教材原句P27) I want to focus on my band and have a career in music when I leave school.我想专心搞我的乐队,等(高中)毕业以后从事音乐行业。[例1] Each exercise focuses on a different grammar point.每个练习各有不同的语法重点。[例2] Recently,traffic jams have become the focus of attention.近来,交通堵塞已经成为关注的焦点。[翻译] 你最好把你的注意力放在功课上。You'd better focus your attention on your studies.[知识拓展](1)focus (one's attention/energy)on...集中(某人的注意力/精力)于……focus one's eyes on... 注视……(2)the focus of attention 关注的焦点bring...into focus 使……成为焦点知识要点3 assume vt.认为,假定,假设(教材原句P27) You just assume I want to be a lawyer,but that's only because you are a lawyer.你想当然地认为我想当律师,但那只是因为你自己是律师。[例1] There are many big technology companies with resources.I just assumed one of them would do it.有很多大的科技公司都有资源,我只是认为其中一个公司会做到这一点。[例2] I assume that you have heard the news.我想你已经听到了这个消息。[翻译] 人们认为他们所做的对环境几乎没什么影响。People assume that what they do has little effect on the environment.[知识拓展](1)assume(that)... 认为……assume sb./sth.(to be)+n./adj. 认为某人/某物是……It is(generally) assumed that... 人们(普遍)认为……(2)assuming conj. 假设……为真,假如assumption n. 假定,假设知识要点4 respect vt.尊重,尊敬n.[U]尊敬,尊重;重视[C](事物的)方面,细节;[pl.]问候,敬意(教材原句P27) Lawyers help people and are respected by others.律师帮助人们并且受人尊重。[例1] He doesn't respect other people's right to privacy.他不尊重别人的隐私权。[例2] She finally gained the respect of her neighbors.她最终赢得了邻居的尊重。[翻译] [谚语]君须自敬,人乃敬之。Respect yourself,or no one else will respect you.[知识拓展](1)respect sb.( for sth.) (因某事而)尊重/尊敬某人(2)have/show(no)respect for... (不)尊敬/尊重……out of respect 出于尊重(3)in respect of/with respect to... 关于……,就……而言in some respects 在某些方面give/send one's respects to sb. 代……问候某人(4)respectable adj. 值得尊敬的,体面的respectful adj. 尊敬的,表示敬意的知识要点5 ignore v.不理;忽视(教材原句P15) ignoring Grandfather's words忽视祖父的话[例1] Do you frequently ignore work,study,and other activities to check your phone for messages 你经常把工作、学习和其他活动置于一旁而去查看手机短信吗?[例2] He ignored her and went on with his work.他没理她,继续干自己的活儿。[翻译] 如果你想取得更大的进步,你就不应该忽视你的错误。You should not ignore your mistakes if you want to make greater progress.[知识拓展](1)ignorance n. 无知out of ignorance 出于无知(2)ignorant adj. 无知的,愚昧的be ignorant of/about sth. 不知道某事be ignorant that... 不知道……知识要点6 (教材原句P27) Yes,and you have found the career that suits your talents.是的,然后你找到了适合自己天分的职业。(1)suit vt.适合;合(某人)心意;合身n.西装[例1] —Five o'clock?5点钟行吗?—Any time will suit me.什么时候对我来说都行。[例2] This business suit is for hire.这套商务西装是供出租的。[翻译] 作为一名学生,你最好选择那些你感兴趣并适合你的活动。As a student,you'd better choose the activities which interest you and suit you.[知识拓展](1)suit sb.(fine) (很)合某人的意;对某人来说(很)合适suit sth.to sth./sb. 使适合(或适应)某物/某人(2)suitable adj. 合适的,适宜的unsuitable adj. 不合适的be suitable for... 适合于……be suitable to do... 适合做某事(2) talent n.天才,天赋,天资;有才能的人,天才,人才;才能[例1] He has a lot of talent,and his work is fresh and interesting.他很有天赋,作品新颖有趣。[例2] There is a wealth of young talent in British theatre.英国戏剧界年轻一代人才辈出。[翻译] 努力和天赋同等重要。我将踏踏实实地一步步前进。Hard work and talent are equally important.I'll move forward step by step.[知识拓展](1)have a talent/gift for... 有……天赋show a talent for 展现出……的天赋(2)talented adj. 有才干的,有才能的Sentence Patterns重点句式1 全部倒装(教材原句P27) Oh look,here comes my boy.看,我儿子过来了。句式分析:副词here位于句首时引起的全部倒装[例1] Here is a table with the metals that react most at the top...下面表格中金属反应最强的排在上面。[例2] Here are the conclusions from the experiments.下面就是实验的结论。[造句] 看。公共汽车来了。Look.Here comes the bus.[知识拓展](1) 当here,there,now,then,in,out,down,up,off,away 等表示地点、时间和方位的副词位于句首时,谓语动词是come,go,be,lie,stand 等,且主语是名词时,句子要用全部倒装。其中谓语动词多用一般现在时或者一般过去时,不能用进行时态。(2)当表示地点的介词词组位于句首时,为加强语气,常用全部倒装。(3)有时为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语,或使上下文紧密衔接时,需要全部倒装。[翻译] ①城南坐落着一座大型钢厂。South of the city lies a big steel factory.②我们用洋油的日子一去不复返了。Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.重点句式2 This/That/It is because...(教材原句P27) You just assume I want to be a lawyer,but that's only because you are a lawyer.你想当然地认为我想当律师,但那只是因为你自己是律师。句式分析:This/That/It is because...这/那是因为……[例1] From space,the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy one percent of its surface is covered by water.从太空中看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。[例2] He didn't attend the party last night.That was because he was too busy.他昨晚没有参加聚会,那是因为他太忙了。[造句] 他被送到医院,那是因为他病了。He was sent to the hospital.That was because he was ill.[知识拓展]This is why... 这就是……的原因,why引导表语从句,从句表示结果。This is because... 这是因为……,because引导表语从句,从句表示原因。The reason why...is that... ……的原因是……,why引导定语从句,并在从句中作状语;that引导表语从句(切记此处不可用because)。[一句多译] 玛丽今天不想出门,那是因为她感觉不舒服。①Mary wouldn't like to go out today.That's because she doesn't feel well.②The reason why Mary wouldn't like to go out today is that she doesn't feel well.一、一般现在时构成:动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式。[观察例句]I often read books in my spare time.业余时间我经常看书。Mary is good at music.玛丽擅长音乐。The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。You'll make great progress if you work hard!你如果努力学习,就会取得很大进步。The train leaves at 7:25 this evening.火车今晚7:25开。[归纳用法]1.一般现在时表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常和often,always,usually,sometimes,every day,once a week,rarely,seldom,hardly,ever,never等表示频率的时间状语连用。2.一般现在时用于描述主语的特征、性格、能力等。3.一般现在时用于陈述客观事实或普遍真理。4.在主从复合句中,当描述将来的事情时,主句用将来时,条件状语从句、时间状语从句和让步状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。5.一般现在时表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的动作,通常限于表示“位置转移”的非延续性动词(词组),如go,come,leave,start,begin,open,close,arrive,take off等,其后常跟有表示将来的时间状语。二、现在进行时构成:is/am/are+现在分词[观察例句]All the classmates are reviewing the lesson in the classroom now.同学们正在教室里复习功课。These days we are helping the farmers work on the farm.这些天我们一直在农场帮农民们干活。She is always thinking of others instead of herself.她总是想着别人而不是她自己。The boy is constantly asking such silly questions.那个男孩老是提这种愚蠢的问题。Mr.Smith is leaving for Nanjing tonight.史密斯先生今晚去南京。The meeting is beginning at three this afternoon.会议在下午三点开始。[归纳用法]1.现在进行时表示现在或目前一段时间内正在进行的动作,常与now,at present,at this moment,these days,this week/month等时间状语连用。2.现在进行时常与always,continually,constantly,forever等表示频度的副词连用,表示经常、反复发生的动作,常含有厌烦、责备、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。3.现在进行时可以表示将来的动作,主要用于表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。常与come,go,leave,depart,arrive,stay,start/begin,lecture,take off等动词(词组)连用。三、现在完成时构成:have/has+过去分词。[观察例句]I have already made a plan for my study ahead of time.我已经提前制定了学习计划。We have learned English for eight years.我们学英语八年了。He has lived in London since three years ago.自从三年前他就住在伦敦。It is the first time I have driven a car.这是我第一次开车。This is the most interesting film that he has made.这是他拍过的最有趣的电影。Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.车未停稳,不要下车。[归纳用法]1.现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,但对现在造成一定的影响或结果,常与already,yet,never,before,so far,up to now等连用。2.现在完成时所表示的动作从过去开始持续到现在,也许还会继续下去。常用的时间状语有:for+时间段,since+过去的时间点,so far,recently,lately,this week,this month,this year,these days,during/in the last/past few years等。3.在“It/This is the first/second...last time+从句”与“It/This is the+序数词或形容词最高级+名词+that从句”这两个句型中,从句中的谓语要用现在完成时。4.现在完成时可用在状语从句中代替将来完成时,这时从句的动作要先于主句的动作发生。四、一般将来时构成:shall/will+动词原形[观察例句]I will / shall go to visit him next week.下周我将去拜访他。—Tom was injured badly in the accident yesterday.—Oh,I didn't know.I will see him after work.——汤姆在昨天的事故中受伤很严重。——噢,我不知道。我下班后去看他。Wherever he goes,he will take an umbrella with him.无论到哪儿,他总是带着一把伞。Oil will float on water.油总是浮在水面上。[归纳用法]1.shall/will+动词原形,表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态,特别是表示客观性的事情或在某条件下临时决定去做的事情只能用此结构。2.will+动词原形,还表示习惯性动作或未来的倾向。3.表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,也可用以下形式:(1) be going to+动词原形,表示即将发生的事情或近期准备、打算、有迹象表明要做某事。(2) be (just) about to+动词原形,表示即将发生的事,常译为“刚要……,就要……”,不能与表示将来的具体时间状语连用,但常与when连用。(3) be to do表示按计划、职责、义务、约定要发生的动作。五、一般过去时动词过去式。[观察例句]I graduated from No.1 Middle School three years ago.三年前我从一中毕业。I had two eggs and a glass of milk for breakfast this morning.今天早上我吃了两个鸡蛋,喝了一杯牛奶。Your phone number again I didn't quite catch it.再说一遍你的电话号码好吗?我刚才没听见。She got up,washed her face,cleaned her teeth,had her breakfast and then went to work.她起床后,洗完脸,刷完牙,吃过早饭,然后就去上班了。When I was a teenager,I played table tennis almost every day.我十几岁时,几乎每天都打乒乓球。Her father usually did some housework at home last year.她爸爸去年常常在家做些家务。I didn't know you were here.How long have you been here 我不知道你在这里,你来了多久了?We would not leave until the teacher came back.直到老师回来我们才离开。[归纳用法]1.一般过去时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与明确表示过去的时间状语,如:yesterday,last week,in 1949,once,in the past,a few days ago等连用。注意:有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态时,也要用一般过去时。2.一般过去时表示过去连续发生的一系列动作。3.一般过去时表示过去一段时间内经常发生的或习惯性的动作。常与often,usually,sometimes等表示频度的词连用。4.一般过去时表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。5.在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,常用一般过去时代替过去将来时,表示过去将要发生的动作。Unit 4 Friends forever1.mean v.产生……结果,意味着mean doing sth.意味着做某事2.lose track of失去联系keep track of保持联系3.thanks to 由于,多亏4.advance n. 进步,进展 vi.前进;进展5.significantly adv. 显著地,重大地6.remain vi. 仍然是,保持不变7.be up to从事,忙于;胜任;该由……负责8.the digital age数码时代digital adj.数字的,数码的9.enable vt.使可能,使发生10.unusual adj.异常的,不平常的11.instrument n.乐器12.connect sb.with...把某人同……联系起来13.friend熟词生义 v.(社交网站上)加……为好友14.It depends.视情况而定。15.exchange vt. 交流,交换16.meaningful adj. 有意义的17.keep...in mind把……记在心上18.tend to do sth.易于做某事tend v.易于做某事,往往会发生某事19.post v.公布,发布20.smiling photos 面带微笑的照片21.criminal n.罪犯22.longing n.渴望,热望longing for...对……的渴望Words And Phrases知识要点1 patience n.耐心(教材原句P42) two drops of patience...两滴耐心……[例1] Learning to walk again after she was injured in the leg required great patience.她腿部受伤后重新学习走路要有更大的毅力。[例2] Her endless patience made her the best teacher in the primary school.她的无限的耐心使她成为这个小学最好的老师。[翻译] 如果你想当老师你就得有耐心。You'll need patience if you're going to be a teacher.[知识拓展](1)with patience 耐心地(2)patient adj. 耐心的 n. 病人be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心知识要点2 anxious adj.焦虑的,不安的(教材原句P42) the ability to wait without becoming anxious or angry等待时不焦急或不生气的能力[例1] Anxious all the time,I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.我一直焦虑不安,每次精力集中不超过一小时。[例2] After five minutes Mike returned,looking more hot and anxious than before.五分钟以后,迈克回来了,看上去比刚才更加急不可耐。[翻译] 那场棒球赛中有些时刻令人焦虑不安。There were a few anxious moments in the baseball game.[知识拓展](1)be anxious for/about... 为……担心(忧虑)be anxious for 渴望得到be anxious to do sth. 渴望/急于做某事(2)anxiously adv. 焦急地,忧虑地,渴望地anxiety n. 焦虑,忧虑,担心with anxiety 焦虑地知识要点3 be set in以……为背景(教材原句P44) The short story “After Twenty Years” is set in New York on a cold,dark night.短篇小说《二十年后》以纽约的一个寒冷漆黑的夜晚为背景。[例1] Great Expectations is set in England in the 1800s.《远大前程》以19世纪的英格兰为背景。[例2] The Chinese film,set in the Tang dynasty,is well received by many foreign film fans.这部以唐朝为背景的中国电影广受外国影迷的欢迎。[造句] 这部电影以法国为背景,很受年轻人的欢迎。The film,which is set in France,is popular with the young people.[知识拓展]set off 出发,动身;引发,激起;(使炸弹等)爆炸set out 动身,启程(+for+地点);开始,着手( +to do sth.)set about 开始,着手(+doing sth.)set up 设立;建立,创建;安排set sb.a good example/set a good example to sb.为某人树立好榜样set aside 留出(钱或时间);把……放到一旁set down 写下,记下;某人下车set back 使推迟,耽误be set in 认……为背景知识要点4 fortune n. [C]大笔的钱,巨款[U]命运,运气;幸运(教材原句P44) The next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune.我准备第二天早上动身前往西部发财。[例1] Inside the tombs,the workers discovered a great fortune of jewels and gold,along with the preserved bodies of dead kings.在这些陵墓中,工作人员发现了一大笔珠 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览