资源简介

高考英语写作功能词
（要求）
（一）主要英语对应词及其用法结构
【动词】
(demand, require, request, ask, adjure, claim, exact, requisition, desire, expect, clamor, beg, entreat, implore, beseech, crave, solicit, appeal;importune)
① demand 要求
demand sth.(from/of sb.)
向某人要求某事
to demand an apology(from sb.)
要求(某人)道歉
to demand better pay
要求提高工资
to demand a 10% wage hike
要求加薪10%
to demand payment of a buyer
要求买方付款
to urgently demand attention
迫切地要求给予注意
to demand punctuality
要求大家准时
to demand reparation from the company
要求公司予以赔偿
to demand payment of a buyer
要求买方付款
demand+that clause 要求…
He demands that he be told everything.
(他要求将一切都告诉他。)
demand to do sth 要求做某事
He demands to be told everything.
(他要求将一切都告诉他。)
to demand(to know) my business
要过问我的事情
to demand to be paid a living wage
要求得到能够维持生计的工资
② require 命令或指示；强制性地要求
to do as the law requires
按照法律规定要求去做
require(sb.) to do sth.
要求(某人)做某事
The rules require us all to be present.
(按规定要求我们都要到场。)
The teacher required her students to keep silent.
(老师要求/命令学生们都不要作声。)
Civil servants are required to sign the official Secrets Act.
(公务员须签署遵守公务保密条例。)
require sth.(of sb.)
要求(某人)具备某事物；命令(规定)某事物
I only require of my students some basic knowledge.
(我只要求学生具备一些基础知识。)
I have done all that is required by law.
(我已按照法律规定把一切做好。)
It is required (of me) that I give evidence.
(要求我提供证据。)
Hamlet is required reading for the course.
(《哈姆雷特》为本课程指定读物)
require that...(should) 要求···
③request 以口头或书面形式要求或请求做某事
request sth.(from/of sb.)
要求/请求某事物
to request a loan from a bank
向银行请求贷款
to request compliance with the rules
请遵守规则
All I request of you/from you was that you came early.
(我只要求你早点来。)
request that...(should) 请求…
request sb. to do sth.
to request sb. to help
请求某人帮忙
You are(kindly) requested not to smoke.
(请不要抽烟。)
as requested
按照要求
④ask 要求
to ask sb. to do sth.
要求某人做某事
to ask(sb.) for sth.
请求(某人)给予某物
to ask(one's boss) for a pay increase
请求(老板)加薪
to ask to do sth.
请求准许做某事
to ask to use the car
请求准许使用汽车
to ask for sb.
要求见某人
They asked for the manager.
(他们要求见经理。)
to ask for the cinema
要求指给去电影院的路/询问电影院怎么走
⑤claim 要求或索要(因是应得的权利或财物)
claim sth. 要求某事物
to claimdiplomaticimmunity/theprotectionofthelaw/thetitleof/ownership/anitemoflostproperty/muchofone's timeandenergy
要求外交豁免权/法律保护/继承…称号/对所有权提出要求/要求认领丢失的财产/需要占用大量时间与精力
(of sth.) to claim attention
(指某事物)要求加以注意/值得注意
claim for sth. 要求某事物
to claim for damages 要求损害赔偿金
claim sth. back
要回/追回某物；要求收回某物
You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged.
(货物如有损坏，可以要求退钱。)
翻译用词警示
“ask”是表示“要求”的 常用用词。
“demand”比“ask”的意义更强。这两个词的主语基本上由“人”来担任。
“require”和“adjure”表示强制性的要求，其主语主要由“物”担任，少数情况由“人”来担任。
“request”和“petition”有“请求”的意思,其主语由“人”担任。
“claim”含有“理所应当地要求”的意义,其主语主要是“人”。
“exact”指“强迫索要”，“勒索”以及“严格要求”等含义。
“clamor”是“大声疾呼地要求/强烈要求”的意思。
“crave/beg/entreat/implore/beseech/plead”等则指“恳求”的意思。
“importune”是“再三/强烈要求”的意思。由于这些词的具体差异，它们在不同的语境中是不可混用的。
【名词】
(demand, requirement, request, claim, exaction, clamor, entreaty, requisition, expectation, satisfaction, specification)
to make more and more stringent demands on sb.
对某人提出越来越严格的要求
(of sth.) to place/impose heavy demands on sth.
(某事物)对…有严格的要求
to meet(fill;satisfy) sb.'s all demands
满足某人的所有要求
to grant sb.'s demands
答应某人的要求
to yield to(give in to;give way to) sb.'s demand
同意某人的要求
sb.'s demand for higher pay
某人关于加工资的要求
demands for reform/that there should be reform
改革要求
(of sth.) to make demands of /on sb.
(某事物)对某人的技术/力气/智慧等要求很高
The new aircraft makes tremendous demands of the pilot.
(这种新飞机对飞行员的驾驶技巧要求极高。)
to make unreasonable demands on sb.
对某人提出无理的要求
by popular demand
根据人民群众的要求
continual compliance to all of sb.'s petty demands
一味迁就某人的琐碎要求
There have been fresh demands for him to resign.
(人们最近不断要求他辞职。)
As our national economy and national defence develop, there arises a new demand for communications.
(随着国民经济和国防事业的发展，对通信提出了新的要求。)
to come up to /qualify under the requirements 达到要求
to comply with/conform to/answer to/measure up to the requirements of... 符合…的要求
to fill/fulfil/meet/satisfy the design requirements 满足设计要求
to fit/suit/match sb.'s requirements 符合某人的要求
to impose /place stringent requirements on/upon... 对···提出严格要求
college entrance requirements in English 大学入学对英语的要求
These requirements are rigid/exacting/stringent. (这些要求很严格。)
These requirements are too lenient. (这些要求太宽。)
to fall short of quality requirements 未达到质量要求
public clamor for a change of government
公众要求撤换政府的大声疾呼
to be deaf to all entreaties
对一切恳求置若罔闻
to make repeated request for help
一再请求帮助
to file a request with the appropriate authorities
向有关当局提出要求
to proffer one's request
提出要求
to comply with (grant) sb.'s request
答应某人的要求
to grant a request
批准/答应一项要求
to make/advance a request(for...)
提出(…的)请求
to fulfil sb.'s request
满足某人的要求
at the request of sb./sb.'s request
按照某人的要求
to be in great request
非常需要；需求量很大
by request(of sb.)
经(某人)要求
by popular request
经大家的要求
wage-claim 增加工资的要求
to put in/make a claim for damages/a pay rise
提出损害赔偿/加薪的要求
to enter/file/lodge/make/put in(forward)/submit a claim for money(compensation)
提出赔钱/赔偿的要求
to stake(out) a /one's claim(to sb./sth.)
提出(对某人/某事物的)所有权要求
The club staked a /its claim to this young volleyball player.
(这个俱乐部提出这个年轻排球队员是他们的人。)
to lay a claim to...
要求/主张···
to ignore the claim of sb.
对某人的要求置之不理
to submit a claim for damages against sb.
向某人提出赔偿要求
【形容词】
(demanding, requisite, exacting, clamorous, upscale)
a demanding boss/father
苛求的老板/父亲
Children are so demanding: they need constant attention.
(孩子们总有所求：需要时刻照顾他们。)
to be demanding with sb. 苛求某人
Have you the requisite visa to enter England
(你有进入英国必备的签证吗 )
an exacting teacher 严师
the clamorous crowd
大声要求/呼呼的人群
an upscale job seeker
提要求很高的求职者
（二） 常用的相关短路或表达
请求某人做某事
to apply to sb. for sth.;
to make an application to sb. for sth;
to call on sb. to do sth.
对…提出要求(要求得到…)
to make an appeal for sth.
请/要求政治避难
to ask for political asylum
请求或恳求某人做某事
to petition sb. for sth. /to do sth.
满足要求
to address the demands;
to meet the challenge;
to satisfy/meet a demand;
to meet the requirements;
to fulfil the request
完全满足要求 to hit the spot
要求苛刻的条件/极力讨价还价
to drive a hard bargain over sth.
求和/讨饶
to cry barley
替某人说情
to beg sb. off
要求人们必须加以注意
to challenge attention
要求某人接见
to request/seek an audience with sb.
恳求拜见某人
to beg for an audience with sb.
要求某人做某事
to call upon sb. to do sth.;
to expect sb. to do sth(尤指有权或有责任要求者);
to ask sb. to do sth.
对工作要求精益求精
to be unsparing in one's demand for perfection of the work
要求某人摊牌/向某人挑战
to call sb.'s bluff
要求与会者/会议、班等安静
to call sb. /meeting, class etc to order
(律)要求某些陪审员回避
to challenge to the poll(s)
(律)要求全体陪审员回避或更换
to challenge to the arrey
向某人要求决斗
to challenge sb. to a duel
有对…提出要求的权利(有权得到)
to have a claim on/to...
对…有许多要求
to have many claims on...
缠着某人要买某物
to badger sb. for sth.
在某一地区居住一段时间以便要求拥有土地所有权
to hold down a claim
提出所有权要求(表明自己有权获得)
to lay claim to/to put in a claim for/to make a claim to/to raise a claim
一再强烈提出要求/坚持自己的要求
to push one's claims
提出对…的所有权要求/声明对…的权利
to set up a claim to sth.
要求某些条件
to postulate for certain conditions
要求给个“说法”/讨个“说法”
to call to account;to demand to see fair-play
要求事项
the claims postulated
按照出版社要求的格式写作
to write in house style
坚持要求得到
to stake out/off a claim;
To stick out for...
要求某人赔偿
to claim against sb. for compensation
迫切要求提高工资
to press wage claims
to press agressively for a pay rise
to put in (make) a claim for a pay rise
to urge an increase in/of wages
对…的产权提出要求
to claim the ownership of...
要求核查…的账目
to demand an audit of the accounts of...
要求警察保护
to apply for police protection
要求退换
to claim one's money back
根据技术要求设计…
to design... in accordance with specifications
要求明确的答复
to demand a clear answer
一再迫切地要求某事物
to push for sth.;
to importune sb. for sth.
不断要求某人做某事/缠着某人做某事
to pester sb. to do sth.
要求与某人同酬
to demand parity with sb.
对…有严格要求
to place/impose heavy demands on;
to impose strict discipline on sb.;
to be strict with;
to be severe with;
to be a stickler for
坚持适度的严格要求
to maintain one's moderate strictness
再三恳求或请求某人做某事
to plead with sb. for sth./to do sth.;
to importune sb. to do sth.
应某人的要求做某事
to do sth. at sb.'s desire/request
要求某人再演/唱一次
to encore sb.
应观众要求再演/唱一次
to get an encore
达到要求的标准
to be up to the mark
满足…方程式的要求
to obey the equation...
按某人的要求做某事
to do sth. sb.'s way
要求归还图书馆的书
to recall library books
答应某人的要求
to accept sb.'s demands
观众频频要求重演/重奏/重唱
the audience insist on many encores
要求平分
to cry halves
最高要求
peak demand
难以满足的要求
a large/tall order
对某人的智能要求过高
to overtax sb.'s mind
过高的要求
steep demand
提出过分的要求
to make inordinate demands
降低要求
to modify one's demands;
to diminish demand
要求和某人摊牌
to call for a show down with sb.
应…的要求
in response to sb.'s request
坚持要求以使用…为条件
to stipulate for the use of...
按照某人的要求
at sb.'s option
按顾客要求制作
to make/tailor sth. to order
向某人提出猥亵下流的要求
to make sb. a proposition
向某人提出请求
to approach sb. with a request
向自己提出更高的要求
to set an even higher demand on oneself
对…提出高标准的要求
to set a high standard for...
坚决要求和平
to be resolute in one's demands for peace
迫切要求改革
to be hot for reform
要求某人下台
to call for sb.'s scalp
严格要求自己
to be one's own most severe critic;
to discipline oneself;
not spare oneself
严格要求某人不要声张某事
to charge sb. strictly to say nothing about...
对自己要求十分严格/作风十分严肃认真
to be a rigourist
对自己要求不严
to spare oneself
要求为…的补偿
to demand satisfaction for...
强烈要求…
to urge that sth.(should) be done
提高/降低要求
to raise/lower one's sights;
to be more/less ambitions
同意/批准某人的请求
to grant sb.'s request
符合出口要求
to comply with export requirements
符合某人的要求/心意
to suit sb.'s book;
to serve sb.'s purpose
符合要求
to give satisfaction;
to be thething;
to pass muster;
to cut the muster
(汽车等)符合上路要求
(a car's) road-worthiness
满足一项要求
to meet/satisfy/fulfil a condition
满足某人的要求
to afford sb. every satisfaction;
to be up to sb.'s expectations
拒绝某人的要求
to reject/decline sb.'s request(demand)
领会某人的要求
to grasp sb.'s requirements
阐明/提出要求
to set out/forth requirements
指定(详细说明)要求
to specify requirements
满足你的数量要求
to meet your volume needs
勉强答应一个要求
to agree unwillingly to a request
要求离婚
to sue for a divorce;to seek divorce
一再请求帮助
to make repeated requests for help
要求归还某物 to recall sth.
要求恢复工作 to reclaim one's job
顺竿爬提出更多的要求
to escalate one's demands
坚决要求… to stand out for...
要求收回失去的领土
to re-claim lost territory
要求在…上有发言权
to want a voice in...
某人的唯一要求是
sb.'s only condition is that...
要求某人透露信息
to tap sb. for information
要求再送些食品来
to send for a fresh supply of food
放弃对…的要求
to waive the claim for...
点播的节目/演出
a request programme/show
坚持要求某人做某事
to be urgent with sb. for sth./to do sth.
承索/如果有要求 on/upon request
入学条件 admission requirements;entrance requirements
航空工作要求 airworthiness requirements
(成品)使用要求 end requirements
（三）情景译例精选
他们已从事一种与领导的要求相违背的事业。
they've taken up a cause which runs counter to the dictates of the leadership.
反核武器组织要求禁止使用核武器。
Anti-nuclear organizations want to ban the bomb.
按简令的要求去做。
Do what the briefing calls for.
国家主席要求/号召全国统一行动反对腐败。
The President made a call for/called for a national action against corruption.
图书馆要求把所有逾期未还的书收回。
The library called in all overdue books.
图纸送往车间之前常常要求设计人员进行审核。
The designer is frequently called upon to check the drawings before they are sent to the shop.
当今的要求不仅仅在于提高物质生活的标准。
The challenge today is not merely to improve the material standards of living.
我对自己要求很严。
I'm my own most severe critic/am a rigourist.
你必须严格要求自己按时完成任务。
You must discipline yourself to finish your work on time.
学习之所以如此困难的一个原因是，它要求我们改变旧的观察事物的方式。有成效的学习需要大量地破除旧的东西。
One reason learningissodifficultis that it requires us tochangeouroldwaysoflookingatthings. Effectivelearningrequiresa significant amount ofunlearning(abandoning or modifying)oldwaysofthinking.
数学不再是会计专业中首要的要求。
Maths is no longer a prime requirement for a career in accountancy.
这些决策的新形式也要求有更加详尽的经济情报。SSB正是适应了这一需要。
The newformsofdecisionmakinghave also generated demand formoredetailedeconomicinformationandSSBisjuststandingto recognizeandto meetthisdemand.
产品要通过许多试验以后才能证明是符合要求的。
The product is put through many tests before it is finally approved as satisfactory.
总经理特别要求你必须参加会议。
The general manager particularly asks that you should be present at the meeting.
他要求对这个问题作进一步的说明。
He is asking for further instructions for this question.
我全家要在这里逗留，这要求对你未免有些过分了。
It's asking rather a lot of you to have my whole family to stay.
你只要开口就能得到那份工作。
The job is yours for the asking.
墙体的隔音功能要求很高，如普通居室，甚至“非承重”隔墙也应该用砖或预制水泥体来砌筑。
Where sound insulation is of the utmost importance, as in ordinary houses, even“non-loading bearing”partitions should be built of bricks or dense precast concrete blocks.
这个产品达到并超过了国家 GB8978—88标准所规定的要求。
This product achieves or even excels the request of state norms(GB8978—88).
污水处理工程CAD 系统达到了实用化要求。
The CAD system of waste water treatment engineering can satisfy the requests of practice very well.
工会要求再给其成员一个星期的假。
The trade union bargained that its members should have another week's holiday.
他们与雇主达成的协议是：他们在工资方面降低要求，但雇主得答应缩短每周的工时。
The bargain they reached with their employers was to reduce their wage claim in return for a shorter working week.
我要求你们准时。
I expect you to be punctual.
他们成功的演出赢得了观众热烈的掌声并一再应观众要求谢幕。
Their successful performance won warm applause and repeated curtain calls from the audience.
我要你务必给我讲真话。
I adjure you to speak the truth.
他们恳求我们宽恕/同情/援助/帮助。
They appealed to us for mercy/sympathy/aid/help.
应议院的要求，他们做了一次调查。
At the behest of the Congress an investigation was made.
我的要求并不高，只是睡觉前娱乐一下。
I wasn't asking for much, just a bit of entertainment before I went to bed.
你没有要求我同情的权利。
You have no claim on my sympathy.
公众大声疾呼要求撤换政府。
The public are clamouring for a change of government.
这家公司要求员工上下班都要登记时间。
This company requires its employees to clock on and off.
所有这些要求和反要求，很难说谁说的是实话。
Amongst all the claims and counterclaims it was hard to say who was telling the truth.
人民要求自由选举。
People are crying out for free elections.
这双鞋是定做的/按照顾客的要求制作的。
This pair of shoes was custom-built/custom-made.
/This pair of shoes was made as the buyer specified.
如果你不答应他的要求，他会发脾气的。
He will cut up rough if you don't give him what he asks for.
机械化采矿对地下照明有严格的要求。
Mechanized mining places/imposes heavy demands on underground illumination.
如有要求，可以送货上门。
If so desired, the goods are delivered at the buyer's(residence).
其中的一个“科学态度”是要求信息准确。
One of the“scientific attitudes”is a desire for accurate information.
她对不按她的要求做事的人十分不满。
She's terribly down on people who don't do things her way.
魔术师应观众要求又表演了一个节目。
The magician got(received)/did(performed) an encore.
她对生活所求不多。
She does not want much from life.
这是一种对生存条件要求极高的微生物。
This is an exacting microbe.
我们不要求你学会所有这些细节。
We do not expect you to learn all the detail.
这些零部件达到了我们的规格所规定的要求。
These parts fulfil requirements of our specifications.
他妻子要求他回来。
His wife desired of him that he should return.
我们的老师对标点符号要求非常严格。
Our teacher is very fussy about punctuation.
他们结婚时，他答应她到青岛度蜜月，她要求他遵守诺言。
He promised her a honey moon in Qingdao when they got married, and she held him to it.
吴先生要求一切事情非尽善尽美不可。
Mr. Wu never tolerates imperfection.
你必须明白这项工作的强性要求。
You must be clear about this job's insistent demands.
你儿子的功课不大符合要求/达不到要求。
Your son's school work isn't quite up to the mark.
我们的老师对我们要求很严。
Our teacher was a stickler for discipline.
设备可按用户要求进行发送。
Equipment is dispatched at the user's option.
他们不断要求她参与那计划。
They pestered her to join in the scheme.
她缠着我要我帮忙。
She pestered me with requests for help.
许多人向政府请愿要求修改移民法。
Many peoplepetitionthegovernmentforachangeintheimmigrationlaws/to makeachangeintheimmigrationlaws.
警员条例要求执行职务者的号码标志必须清楚易见。
Police regulations prescribe that an officer's number must be clearly visible.
他们一再要求改变程序/改善工作条件。
They are pressing for a change in the procedure/improved working conditions.
他们迫切要求改革选举制度。
They were pushing for electoral reform.
我怀疑答应这项要求是否合适。
I am doubtful about the propriety of granting such a request.
代表们须按礼仪要求就座。
The delegates have to be seated according to protocol.
她的要求十分偏激。
She is radical in her demands.
他们原先想买一座大房子，后来不得不降低要求买一所较小的。
They had to lower their sights and buy a smaller house than they would have liked.
我的要求算是够明白的了——还要我再讲清楚吗
My instructions seem simple enough—do I have to spell them out again
公司职员坚持要求提高工资。
The company's employees are sticking out for higher wages.
他是一个要求准确/准时/纪律严明的人。
He is a sticker for accuracy/punctuality/discipline.
这所大学要求学生必修两门外语。
The university has two mandatory foreign language requirements.
法院确认他的要求正当，宣布该合同不合法。
The court sustained his claim that the contract was illegal.
教学工作是个要求很高的工作。
Teaching is a demanding profession.
要是您要求这样做，我一定照办。
I'll do it if that's what you wish.
我要求你必须立刻收回那些过头的话。
I insist that you withdraw your offensive remarks immediately.
我们要求的条件只有这一点。
We stipulate this only.
动词“eat”要求有直接宾语。
The verb“eat”takes a direct object.
法律上要求父母送子女上学。
The law obliges parents to send their children to school.
医生不应该向病人索要红包。
A doctor should not solicit under-the-table payments from his or her patients.
该函已退给我方，要求对某问题加以解释。
The letter was referred back to us with a query.
老师对我们的功课要求非常严格，她的教学效果确实不错。
Our teacher is a very hard taskmaster but she certainly gets good results from her pupils.

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