人教版(2024)七年级下册基础英语语法知识点集合(PDF版)

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人教版(2024)七年级下册基础英语语法知识点集合(PDF版)

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新教材七年级语法点巩固
一.特殊疑问词
1. what 什么,问物品、东西,回答的词语有:a book , a cat, an eraser, apples......
What is it ------ It is a desk.
它是什么? 它是桌子。 it is= it’s
What is this ------ It is a cap.
这个是什么? 这个是帽子。
What is that ------ It is a cap.
那个是什么? 那个是帽子。
What are these ------They are tomatoes .
这些是什么? 这些是番茄。
What are those ------They are geese.
那些是什么? 那些是鹅。 they are= they’re
What class are you in --- I’m in Class Ten,Grade Seven.
(注意 C跟 G要大写,数字 T跟 S要大写 !!!)
你在哪个班级? --- I’m in Class 10, Grade 7.我在 7年级 10班。
What time...... 问时间 When
----What time is it It’s 5 o’clock./ It’s 7:30. ( 整点用 o’clock )
----It’s time for English class. ( It’s time for +名称)
----It’s time for sb to go to school. ( It’s time to +动词原形 ) 该是做...事情的时候了。
What colour 问颜色,是固定搭配, 问颜色时,句中的 colour不要加 S.
---What colour is it 它是什么颜色?
---It’s red / grey / blue / purple / orange / yellow / white / black / green / brown.
红色 灰色 蓝色 紫色 橘色 黄色 白色 黑色 绿色 棕色
---What colour are they 它们是什么颜色?
---They are ...... 它们是(+颜色词 )
2. Where 哪里,问地点,
回答的方位介词有:in, on, under, near, next to, beside, between, in front of, behind, beside......
--- Where is the bottle --It’s on the table.
---Where are the bottles ---They are on the table.
---Where are you from ---I’m from China / the US / the UK=England / Canada
你来自于哪里? 我来自于中国 美国 英国 加拿大。
---Where is he from ---He is from China / the US / the UK...
----Where does he come from ----He comes from China. be from = come from
3. Who 谁,问人,回答的词是人名,称呼。 who is= who’s
----Who is he ---- He is Mike. / He is my father.
----Who is she ---- She is Ella. / She is my mum.
对划线部分进行提问:
例如: --- Who’s she (注意 如果给你一条横线, 一定要些Who is 的缩写!!!)
---She is Ella.
4. Whose 谁的,问东西的归属。回答的词: 人名’s, mine, yours, hers, his, ours,
名词性物主代词
--- Whose shoes are these --- They are Mike’s.
--- Whose farm are these ---They are my parents’. 父母亲们的。
如果单词末尾是 S结尾, 就直接加 ’ 表示“的”
--- Whose skirt is this --- It’s mine.
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5. Which. 哪一个,回答的词: 在句中选其一,或规定范围内选其一。
---Which season do you like best ---I like+季节+best或直接说季节名称.
6. Why 为什么,问原因,回答的词: Because+句子,有时候没有 because 就找 to 表目的。
7. When 什么时间
---When is your birthday ---My birthday is on April 4th. (on+具体某一天,in+月份,年份)
8. How 怎样 on May 4th , in May, in 2025, in the morning/afternoon/evening
问年龄
---How old are you ---I’m 8 years old. 或 I’m an 8-year-old boy. / an 11-year-old boy
What is your age My age is eight. 或 I’m 8 years old.
你的年龄是什么? 我的年龄是 8岁。
问身体状况
---How are you ---I’m fine, thank you.
---I am very well. / I am great. Thanks.
问价格
---How much is the yogurt ---It’s 9 yuan. is 是因为后面的 yogurt酸奶不可数
---How much are those oranges ---They’re 9 yuan. are 是因为后面的 oranges 橙子是可数名词的复数形
式。
问数量, 问可数名词的多少,回答的词是基数词,参考课文 P126 the/形物代+序数词
---How many tomatoes does your uncle have ---He has four. the fifth birthday/ my fifth birthday
---How many geese can you see ---I can see four.
公式: How many +可数名词的复数
how much 问不可数名词数量的多少
how long
1 问物体的长短: ---How long is the ruler ---It’s about 10 cm. 尺子有多长? 大概 10厘米。
2 问时间的长短: ---How long is the movie ---For 2 hours. 电影有多长? 2小时。
how far 问路程距离
---How far is it from your home to school ---It's about 2 km. 你家到学校的路程有多远?---大概 2千米。
how often 问频率
---How often do you play football 你多久踢一次足球?
---Every day. / Once a week./ Twice a week. /Three times a day.
每天/ 一周一次/ 一周两次/ 一天三次
二.重要句型
(1) 一般疑问句概念:
以 Be 动词( is, am, are),情态动词(can, could, would, will...), 助动词(do, does...)开头的疑问句叫做一
般疑问句。
一般疑问句的特点:
1. 只能用 yes 或 no来回答。
2. 问什么答什么,(问的是你回答的是我。即:第一人称跟第二人称要互换)
例句:
---Is she a student --- Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
---Am I a boy ---Yes, you are. / No, you aren’t. (一般疑问中,问的是第一人称 I或 we, 回答的必须是第二
人称 you , 反之亦然。)
---Are they hens ---Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
---Do you have a library ---Yes, we do. / No, we don’t. 或 Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
---Does she go to school by bike ---Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.
---Can you swim ---Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
(can 是情态动词,没有人称的变化,如 I can / she can / they can. can后面只能+动词原形, 即: can + do)
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(2) 陈述句改一般疑问句方法步骤:
1 如果有 be 动词( is, am, are),就把 be 动词提到句首,然后剩下部分按顺序抄下来。(句子首字
母要大写,结尾标点符号是问号)
例: He is a boy. ----Is he a boy
2 找不到 be动词就找情态动词(can,could,will......),找到了,就把情态动词提到句首,然后剩下
部分按顺序抄下来。
例:She can swim.-----Can she swim
3 既没有 be 动词也没有情态动词的情况下,只能在句首加助动词(Do / Does第三人称单数),然后
剩下部分按顺序抄下来。
例:Tom likes apples.----Does Tom like apples
(看见 do,does,的任何形式,后面的动词一律被打回原形)
抄下来的时候要注意!:
遇到第一人称和第二人称要互换。 ( I/ we you; my, our your )
some改成 any; and 改成 or; too 改成 either.
I am a student. ----Are you a student --Yes, I am. No, I’m not. 问的是你, 回答的是我
My sister is a student. ----Is your sister a student
We like apples and bananas. ----- Do you like apples or bananas
(3) 肯定句改否定句的方法步骤:
1 如果有 be 动词( is, am, are),就在 be 动词后面 not
is not=isn’t are not=aren’t I am not =I’m not
例: He is a student. ---- He is not a student. 或 He isn’s a student.
I am a student. ---- I am not a student. / I’m not a student.
They are students.---They are not students. / They aren’t students.
2 找不到 be动词就找情态动词(can,could,will......),找到了,就在情态动词后面 not。
can not= can’t will not= won’t
She can swim.-----She can not swim. / She can’t swim.
3 既没有 be 动词也没有情态动词的情况下,只能在动词之前加助动词的否定(don't 或 doesn't)。
I have apples. ---I don’t have apples.
She has some apples.---She doesn’ t have any apples.
抄下来的时候要注意!:
some改成 any; and 改成 or; too 改成 either. (看见 do,does的任何形式,后面的动词一律被打回
原形)
例如: She has some apples and oranges. ----She doesn’t have any apples or oranges.
I like apples too. --- I don’t like apples either.
(4) 对画线部分进行提问的方法:
1 先确定特殊疑问词来替代画线部分。画线部分已经被替代掉了,不能再问句中出现了。(特殊疑问
词参照资料第一页)
what , what colour, where, how , how many, how much , how old, why, when, who, whoes 谁的。
2 剩下的部分改一般疑问句。(改一般疑问句的注意点,千万要记得)
三.There be 句型:
There be 句型表示那里有什么。 there be 句型只能用 there be 句型进行肯定或否定。
There is a river near the mountain . ( 改成一般疑问句 )
-----Is there a river near the mountain Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
There are some books on the desk. (一般疑问句要把 some改成 any )
-----Are there any books on the desk Yes, there are ./ No, there aren’t.
there be 句型遵循就近原则:
There is a pen and two bottles on the desk. ( be 动词用 is , 理由是就近原则我们只要看最接近 is 的是 a pen,
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因为 a pen 是单数,所以谓语动词用 is. 跟后面的 two bottles 无关。)
Is this/that....... ---Yes,it is. 或 No, it isn’t.
Are these/those ...... ---Yes, they are. 或 No, they aren’t.
单数 复数
this is 这个 ,近指 these are 这些
that is 那个 ,远指 thoes are那些
like表示喜欢,后面+动词 ing形式或+动词的 to do 形式
I like playing football. She likes swimming.
I like to paly football. She likes to swim
例如:I like apples. 或 I like an apple. 可数名词一定要分清楚单数或复数。 可数名词的单数前面
要 冠词。
四.一般现在时态
1 一般现在时态:表示经常性,习惯性发生的动作,常用于谈论某人的兴趣爱好或生活习惯。
1. I usually go to school on foot.
2. I eat eggs for breakfast every morning.
3. She goes to school by bike ( 遇到第三人称单数,动词要变形,+s/es)
4. He likes apples. / He doesn’t like apples.
2 一般现在时态:表示事物的特征或特性
1. Our school is large and clean.
2. The desk is brown.
3 一般现在时态:表示客观真理或规律
1. The earth goes around the sun. 地球围绕这太阳转。
第一人称: 只有 I 和 we ,这两个单词
第二人称: you 只有这一个单词 !
第三人称: 除了 I, we, you 以外的任何名词都是属于第三人称,我们只要判断这个名词是单数还是复
数,例如 our school, my teacher, the book, apples... 做题目时,遇到是第三人称且单数的时候,动词要变成
三单的形式。动词原型变第三人称单数的形式如下:
(1) 一般情况+S, 例如: help-helps, play-plays, like-likes, play-plays
(2) 以字母 s, x, sh, ch, o 结尾的单词 +es, 例如 watch-wathes, go-goes. guess-guesses, teach-teaches,
wash-washes,
(3) 以辅音+y 结尾的单词变 y 为 i, 再加-es, 例如:fly-flies, cry-cries, try-tries, study-studies
五:人称代词的五种形式
反身代词
形容词性物主代词+ 当我们想要用宾格
宾格 名词 名词性物主代词 时,不妨多思考一
主格
(介词或动词 (用来修饰名词,后 (等于形容词性 步,如果所给的单
(做主语,动词 v.之前) 词与主语人称一
之后,做宾语) 面没有名词,就没有 物主代词+名词) 致,则用翻身代词。
用形容词的必要了) 注意前提是我们想
要用宾格的时候。
第 I me my mine myself
I like playing tennis. Let me help you. This is my pen. This pen is mine.
一 I go to school
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人 with him.
称 we us our ours ourselves
We study in the same Let us help you. Our class teacher is
school. Mr Gao.
you you your yours yourself
第二 This is your sisiter. yourseves
人称
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its itself
第 Its name is Coco
三 它的名字是 CoCo.
人 they them their theirs themselves
称 They like playing Their names are Tom
football. and Tim.
They work in the same
school.
She is a girl. This is my pen The pen is mine.
I like him.(he) I like his pen. I like myself.(I)
Tom likes her.
(she)
Tom likes
himself. (he)
I like my pen.(I)
六:可数名词单数改复数的方法:
1. 一般情况下,+ s: pen---pens. bottle--bottles. apple--apples
toy--toys
2. 以辅音+y 结尾的单词, 把 y改成 i ,再加 es,
family--families 家人,家庭 country--countries国家 activity--activities
3. 以 s, x, sh, ch, 结尾的单词,末尾加 es,
peach--peaches, class--classes glass--glasses dish--dishes box--boxes
4. 以 o 结尾的单词,有生命的加 es: tomato--tomatoes, potato--potatoes hero--heroes 英雄
无生命的加 s: photo-photos照片, radio--radios kilo-kilos
5. oo 改成 ee : goose--geese foot---feet tooth--teeth
6. 单复数同形: sheep---sheep
7. 不规则变化: child--children
七:关于人称代词的缩写跟完全形式
I am = I'm I am not= I’m not
we are = We’re we are not= we aren’t
you are= you’re you are not= you aren’t
he is =he’s he is not= he isn’t
she is=she’s she is not = she isn’t
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it is= it’s it is not= it isn’t
they are=they’re they are= they aren’t
关于 be 动词:(is , am, are )
我用 am , 你用 are , is 跟着他她它。
I用 am , you 用 are, is 跟着 he, she, it
具体细说 am 的用法:
I am , am只能用在一个单独 I 的前面, 如果 I前面还有人, 只能用复数 are。
例如: I am a boy.
Tom and I are boys.
are 用来修饰可数名词的复数形式
We are friends. 我们是朋友。 They are
is 用来修饰不可数名词或者是可数名词的单数。
She is a girl.
My favourite food is beef.
My favourite animal is cats.
Our class teacher is Mr. Gao. 我们的班主任, 这个的 our 是形容词, is 要看前面的 class teacher, 跟前面
的形容词 our 我们无关。
八:表示“的”的方式有三种:
1 加 ’s 或 ’ :
例如: This is Peter’s father.
She is my parents’ mother. 她是我父母的妈妈。(即她是我的 grandmother)
Lily and Lucy’s room 说明是 Lily和 Lucy共同拥有的一个房间。
Lily和 Lucy的房间。
Lily’s and Lucy’s room 说明是 Lily和 Lucy各有一个房间。因此后面要用复数 rooms
Lily的(房间)和 Lucy的房间。
2 用形容词性物主代词, 参考前面五人称代词表格, 有例句的
例如:
This is my (我的)father. 这是我的父亲。
These are their pens. 那些是他们的笔。
3 用 of 表示无生命的
例如: the colour of the desk 桌子的颜色 a photo of my family
一张照片 的 我的家庭
4 to 表示的(下面 5个的句型是老教材的考点)
the answer to the question (问题的答案)
答案 的 问题
the key to the door (门的钥匙 )
钥匙 的 门
the secret to language learning (语言学习的秘密)
the way/ road to success
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路 的 成功 成功之路
on the way to school / on the way ( ) home home 前面不加 to
路上 的 学校
九:表示“有”的有两种表达方式
人有: have/ has (三单) I have a pen.
She has a pen.
物有: 例:
可数名词的单数 There is a gym in our school.
there is+ (别忘了冠词) 那里有一个体育馆在我们的学校。(就按照字面意思翻译就可以
不可数名词 了)
就近原则:There is a gym and a music hall in our school.
there are + 可数名词的复数形式 There is some water in the bottle. 那里有一些水在瓶子里。
some + 可数或不可数, 所以决定用 is There are some apples and bananas on the table. 那里有一些苹果和
还是 are 跟 some无关, 关键看后面跟 香蕉在桌子上。
着的名词是什么!!!
There be句型的否定 There is not...= There isn’t...
There are not...=There aren’t ...
There aren’t any apples or bananas on the table.
注意 some 改 any and 改 or
There be句型的一般疑问句 Is there... Yes, there is. 或 No, there isn’t.
Are there... Yes, there are. 或 No, there aren’t
Are there any apples on the table
注意 some 改 any and 改 or
十: 连词:and,but, because, so, or...
1. and: 表并列或递进,相当于语文中的和;既...又...;不但...而且;
注意 and 连接两个单词,词性时态要一致
Tom and Tim are good friends. Tom 和 Tim 是好朋友。
She goes to school and asks teacher for help.
她做了两个动作,1去学校;2向老师寻求帮忙。
but:但是,表示转折。I like playing football, but I can’t play it well.
我喜欢踢足球,但我踢得不是很好。
intresting but difficult. easy and improtant
2. because: 表示因为, 一般用Why进行提问, 用 because 进行提问。
3. so 表示所以,I like playing football very much, so I play it with my friends everyday.
我喜欢踢足球, 所以我踢它 和我的朋友 每一天。
注意 beacuse 跟 so不能连用, 就是说这两个单词不能出现在一个句子中。
例如: I like English because it is fun.= English is fun, so I like it.
4. or 表示或者。 Do you like apples or bananas 你喜欢苹果还是香蕉?
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十一:情态动词 Can
Can 有两个特点:
1. 无人称变化,即主语人称不管是谁,都是 can 不变。
2. can 的后面加动词原型;
I can swim. 我能够游泳---Can you swim Yes, I can. / No, I can’t
She can swim. 她能够游泳---Can she swim Yes, she can. / No, she can’t.
Tom can swim. Tom能够游泳---Can Tom swim Yes, he can. / No, he can’t.
They can swim. 他们能够游泳。---Can they swim Yes, they can./No, they can’t.
有 can的陈述句改一般疑问句和否定句的改法看前面一般疑问句和否定句的方法和步骤,写得很清楚。
十二:如何正确的描述时间
7:40 seven forty 8点差 20分 twenty to enght.
7:30 seven thirty half past seven
7:20 seven twenty 7点过 20分 twenty past seven 7:20
twenty to seven 6:40
如图所示, 时针≤30分
direct way: 时针 +分钟
或 分钟+past +时针 half past seven ---7:30 --- seven thirty
a quarter past seven ---7:15--seven fifteen
a quarter to seven----6:45---six forty-five
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语法填空技巧:
空白处(虚词)
1. 冠词: a , an, the
2. 介词: with, without, in, on at, after,before, for, of, about, from, by...
3. 连词
1 表因果 because,so
2 表递进并列,顺接承接: and, or
3 表让步(转折):but
4 表时间:when, before, after,
4. 特殊疑问词:that
5. 副词: too, either, both 固定搭配
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